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At least 253 records · Page 14Linked to original sources

PubMed1995

Assessment of spermatogenic process by deoxyribonucleic acid image analysis.

OBJECTIVE: To evaluate the spermatogenic process through cellular ploidy by image analysis. DESIGN: Twenty-six testicular aspirates from 24 infertile men were examined by fine needle aspiration (FNA) cytologic smears. These results were compared with the ploidy content of the cells using Feulgen stain, determined by image analysis. RESULTS: The results of both methods were divided into three categories: full spermatogenesis, spermatogenic arrest, and only Sertoli cell. There was a good correlation in 25 of 26 smears (96%). Ten patients who had a histogram of diploid showed only Sertoli cell cytologically. From nine patients who had a histogram of diploid and tetraploid, eight cytologically showed spermatogenic arrest and one showed full spermatogenesis. The seven patients who had full spermatogenesis (haploid, diploid, tetraploid) all had normal cytologic smears. CONCLUSIONS: Deoxyribonucleic acid image analysis is an objective qualitative and quantitative method for the evaluation of the spermatogenic process of the infertile male. It has several advantages over the flow cytometry method.

Biopsy, Needle↗

PubMed1997

[Cap image--a new kind of computer-assisted video image analysis system for dynamic capillary microscopy].

We describe a newly developed multi-function video image analysis system for the computer-aided evaluation of capillaroscopic findings in microcirculation research. The Cap image analysis system comprises an IBM-compatible PC with a Matrox image processing card and real-time video tape digitalization. The video recorder is driven by a personal computer to which it is connected via an RS-232 interface. In contrast to currently available systems, the program presented here makes it possible to select any of several integrated image analysis functions, depending on the quality of the video image. Some examples of the analysis functions available are measurements of erythrocyte flow velocity using the line shift diagram method, the spatial correlation method, and the auto flying spot method. The standard features of the new program include a number of special functions and automatic movement correction. The system thus makes it possible not only to measure numerous morphological parameters such as capillary diameter, length, torquation index and capillary density, but also to perform video densitometric analysis, for example using fluorescent dyes.

Blood Flow Velocity↗

PubMed1987

DNA cytophotometry of voided urine sediment. Comparison with results of cytologic diagnosis and image analysis.

Measurements of nuclear DNA were performed in urothelial cells in 54 Feulgen-restained cytocentrifuge preparations of voided urine previously studied visually and with an image analysis system. The study included 30 patients with bladder tumors of various grades, 9 patients with prostatic disease and 15 control samples from normal donors. A number of additional control measurements were performed, including measurements in tissue samples of the 30 bladder tumors corresponding to the cytologic samples. It was documented that DNA can be measured in most urinary sediments. The diagnostic performance of the image analysis system reflected the DNA patterns in 47 of the 54 cases. In several instances, particularly in cases of prostatic disease, the image analysis system recognized abnormal DNA patterns in the absence of significant morphologic abnormalities in the urothelial cells. In seven cases, the image analysis findings failed to conform with the DNA patterns. The reasons for these surprising results are discussed, and future modifications of the image analysis system are proposed.

Aged↗

PubMed1997

Comparative scoring by visual and image analysis of cells in human solid tumors labeled for proliferation markers.

This study determined the validity of an image analysis program developed to score individual cells in human solid tumors labeled by proliferating cell nuclear antigen (PCNA) or bromodeoxyuridine (BrdUrd). The program used nuclear size, grey level, and perimeter convexity to identify cells, and evaluated labeling by the fraction of nuclear area displaying positive immunostaining (MPB). Total cell number (TC) and BrdUrd or PCNA labeling index (LI) were evaluated in 142 images using visual (TCvisual, LIvisual) and image analysis (TC(IA), LI(IA)). Without the perimeter convexity criterion, image analysis resulted in a) TC(IA) equal to TCvisual in spite of the presence of various non-cellular objects and b) significant correlations between LI(IA) and LIvisual for PCNA and BrdUrd, although for these markers the LI(IA) were 4 and 6% lower than their respective LIvisual. Both visual and image analyses yielded significant inter-investigator variation among three investigators (coefficient of variation between 8.2 and 47.5%) and significant intra-investigator, inter-day variation (coefficients of variation between 3.8 and 51.8%). We conclude that image analysis using size, grey level and MPB is a valid alternative to visual scoring of PCNA and BrdUrd LI in individual cells.

Bromodeoxyuridine↗

PubMed2005

Multicolour digital image analysis system for identification of bacteria and concurrent assessment of their respiratory activity.

AIMS: To develop a rapid and simple multicolour digital image analysis system for simultaneous identification of bacteria and assessment of their metabolic activity. METHODS AND RESULTS: We developed an image analyser capable of distinguishing triple-stained bacterial cells. Bacteria were stained with a nucleic acid stain, a fluorescent antibody and a fluorescent metabolic indicator for enumeration, species identification and assessment of metabolic activity. This multicolour image analyser was used to simultaneously identify Escherichia coli O157:H7 in milk samples and assess their respiratory activity. The images of the triple-stained bacteria were captured using a combination of blue light and u.v. excitation and an epifluorescence microscope and were processed by our image analyser. We found a good correlation between the counts of actively respiring (r = 0.93) and total (r = 0.94) E. coli O157:H7 measured by digital image analysis and visual observation. CONCLUSION: The multicolour digital image analysis system described here was able to quantify active pathogenic micro-organisms within 2 h. SIGNIFICANCE AND IMPACT OF THE STUDY: This multicolour image analysis allows the rapid and simultaneous quantification of bacteria, identification of species and assessment of metabolic activity.

Animals↗

PubMed1995

Quantification of hair follicle parameters using computer image analysis: a comparison of androgenetic alopecia with normal scalp biopsies.

Computer image analysis enables large numbers of hairs to be measured in an automated fashion. In this study, we examined horizontal scalp biopsies from 10 patients with a histological diagnosis of androgenetic alopecia and 10 normal control subjects. The density of hair follicles and the ratio of terminal to vellus hairs were determined. Hair shaft, hair canal and hair follicle diameter, inner root sheath width and outer root sheath area were measured using the Chromatic Colour Image Analysis program. This study showed a statistically significant progressive decrease in size of hair canal diameters from normal terminal hairs (85.93 +/- 10.07 microns) through to androgenetic alopecia terminal (68.83 +/- 13.60 microns) and vellus hairs (28.67 +/- 5.60 microns). This pattern is also seen with hair follicle diameters; normal terminal (268.41 +/- 24.88 microns), androgenetic alopecia terminal (236.34 +/- 17.23 microns), and vellus hairs (130.88 +/- 19.96 microns). Outer root sheath areas, hair shaft diameters and ratio of terminal to vellus hairs were significantly larger in normal (18,500 +/- 4222 microns 2; 82.71 +/- 13.79 microns; 36:1; respectively) compared with androgenetic alopecia scalp biopsies (8403 +/- 3322 microns 2; 61.11 +/- 14.42 microns; 3:1; respectively), whereas inner root sheath width and density did not vary significantly. Computer image analysis can be adapted for use in clinical trials where large numbers and objectivity are critical in determining the efficacy of hair growth promoters.

Adult↗

PubMedDate not supplied

Quantitation of cell area on glass and fibronectin-coated surfaces by digital image analysis.

By using digital image processing and analysis, two procedures were developed to rapidly measure the projected area of a field of adherent 3T3 fibroblasts without staining of cell borders. The cell area of newly attached and rounded cells with well-resolved borders was obtained by a gray value thresholding procedure. For cells that had undergone an appreciable degree of spreading, cell boundaries were less distinct and a nonlinear spatial Sobel filter was used, followed by thresholding. For both procedures, linear relations were observed between cell areas obtained from image analysis and cell areas obtained by tracing. The areas of a population of traced cells were not statistically different from the area distribution obtained by using the standard curves for the processed images. Uncertainty in the estimated mean area depended only upon the number of cells examined. Approximate numbers of cells required to obtain estimates of the mean are calculated. As an application of these procedures, cell areas were measured for 3T3 cells attached to glass and fibronectin-coated surfaces and were found to be significantly larger for cells spreading on fibronectin-coated glass than on glass alone. Increased cell area during spreading on fibronectin-coated surfaces was proportional to increased cell adhesivity after exposure to a shear stress of 58 dyn/cm2.

Cell Adhesion↗

PubMed1998

Quantification of eumelanin and pheomelanin: stereologic image analysis method.

OBJECTIVE: To develop an ultrastructural stereologic image analysis method allowing quantification of intracellular melanization. STUDY DESIGN: First, in the field of image analysis, a newly elaborated segmentation method, SEM2, was compared with a previously described method based on gray level histograms. Only SEM2 allows the segmentation of melanin in micrographs of poorly melanized melanocytes. Second, in the field of stereology, estimation of cell volume remains problematic in the case of mixed cell populations. This problem is approached by the comparison of stereologic alternatives and cytochemistry (L-3, 4-dihydroxyphenylalanine reaction) in epidermal melanocytes and melanoma cells from several in vitro experiments. The cytochemical approach was found to be the best choice. RESULTS: Concerning the quantification of eumelanin and pheomelanin, the alkali elution method, permitting the specific dissolution of pheomelanin on ultrathin sections, was validated in normal human follicular melanocytes. CONCLUSION: These results allow us to envisage the stereologic quantification of eumelanin and pheomelanin at the ultrastructural level. At present our method is undergoing evaluation by comparison with the present method of reference based on high-performance liquid chromatography.

Adolescent↗

PubMed1986

Image analysis combined with quantitative cytochemistry. Results and instrumental developments for cancer diagnosis.

This paper describes the application of image analysis combined with a quantitative staining method for the analysis of cervical specimens. The image analysis is carried out with the Leyden Television Analysis System, LEYTAS, of which two versions are described. LEYTAS-1 as well as LEYTAS-2 have both been designed with a high degree of flexibility and interaction facilities. A much wider range of image analysis programs is however, possible with LEYTAS-2, enabling many applications. LEYTAS-1, the earlier version, consists of a Leitz microscope with automated functions, a TV camera, the Texture Analysis System (TAS, Leitz), a four-bit grey value memory and a minicomputer (PDP 11/23). Using this instrumentation 1,500 cervical smears prepared from cell suspensions and stained with acriflavin-Feulgen-Sits have been analysed in a completely automated procedure. Image transformations working in parallel on entire fields, have been used for cell selection and artefact rejection. Resulting alarms, consisting of selected single cells and non-rejected artefacts are stored in the grey value memory, which is displayed on a TV monitor. This option allows visual interaction after the machine diagnosis has been made. The machine diagnosis was correct in 320 out 321 specimens with a severe dysplasia or more serious lesion. The false positive rate in 561 morphologically negative specimens (normal and inflammation) was 16% (machine diagnosis). Visual interaction by subtracting the visually recognized false alarms from the total number of alarms reduces the false positive rate to 11%.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

4-Acetamido-4'-isothiocyanatostilbene-2,2'-disulfo↗

PubMed2004

Quantitative morphometric analysis of individual resected prostatic tissue specimens, using immunohistochemical staining and colour-image analysis.

OBJECTIVE: To develop a method for obtaining morphometric measurements representative of individual chips from transurethral resection of the prostate (TURP). MATERIALS AND METHODS: In all, 232 sections were cut in pairs from 25 TURP chips, collected from four patients undergoing TURP for benign prostatic hyperplasia. Individual tissue chips were processed, embedded in paraffin wax and pairs of neighbouring sections cut from the specimens at intervals of 300 microm throughout the thickness of the specimen. Of each pair, the epithelial tissue (ET) of one and the smooth muscle (SM) of the other section were stained immunohistochemically with anti-prostate-specific antigen and anti-SM myosin, respectively. Proportions of ET and SM within the sections were measured with colour-image analysis and calculated within the TURP chips using all pairs of sections cut from the specimen, and the first pair of sections only. The differences between the sets of results were analysed using descriptive statistics. RESULTS: From each TURP chip, 3-7 pairs of sections were cut; for both ET and SM within each chip the differences between the results calculated using data from all pairs of sections and the first pair alone were small, as were the distributions of these differences within each prostate. CONCLUSIONS: Morphometric measurements from one section from a processed TURP chip, as opposed to serial sections, can be used to reliably assess the morphology of tissue within that specimen. This permits a considerable saving of resources when undertaking morphometric image analysis of resected prostatic tissue specimens.

Aged↗

PubMed2004

Dose-response for retinoic acid-induced forelimb malformations and cleft palate: a comparison of computerized image analysis and visual inspection.

BACKGROUND: The objectives of this study were to (1) compare two techniques (computerized image analysis and visual morphological evaluation) for the assessment of fetal forelimb malformations and (2) increase the robustness of the dose-response curve for forelimb and cleft palate malformations resulting from all-trans retinoic acid (RA) exposure in GD 11 mice. METHODS: Pregnant CD-1 mice were administered a single oral dose of all-trans RA (0, 2.5, 10, 30, 60, or 100 mg/kg) on GD 11. GD 18 fetuses were examined for malformations using visual morphological scoring and computerized image analysis. RESULTS: Dose-dependent changes occurred in the size and shape of the humerus, radius, and ulna based on both assessment methodologies. The most sensitive indicators for the lowest effect level (10 mg/kg) on forelimbs were roundness, a shape measurement determined by image analysis, and visual morphological scoring. For all other bone measurements (proximal and distal width, area, length, and perimeter), the lowest effect level was 30 mg/kg. The maximum effect for limb defects and total malformed fetuses was seen at 60 mg/kg and higher. Incidence of cleft palate increased over the entire range of administered doses reaching a maximum of 74% (100 mg/kg). CONCLUSIONS: Overall, results indicate that computerized image analysis was no more sensitive in detecting changes in the humerus, radius, and ulna than gross visual examination. Dose-response modeling of developmental endpoints yielded comparable benchmark dose levels for long bones and cleft palate that ranged from 0.24 to 7.6 mg/kg all-trans RA. Birth Defects Res B 71:289-295, 2004.

Abnormalities, Drug-Induced↗

PubMedDate not supplied

Fine needle aspiration biopsy of the thyroid. Differential diagnosis by videoplan image analysis.

Fine needle aspiration biopsy of cold thyroid nodules has become increasingly popular in determining neoplastic versus nonneoplastic conditions. The differential diagnosis between follicular adenoma and low-grade follicular carcinoma has not been consistently attainable, however; adenomatous goiter also may present problems in diagnosis, while papillary carcinoma seldom proves to be a difficult diagnosis. Image analysis, utilizing the Videoplan image analysis system, was performed on fine needle aspiration biopsy smears from these four types of nodules. The nuclear area, maximum diameter, minimal diameter and approximation to a circle were determined for 25 randomly selected cells with intact nuclei in each smear. These values were calculated with a range and standard deviation and were graphed for each parameter by case category. Cytoplasmic measurements could not be performed due to the absence of definite cytoplasmic boundaries. There was no significant difference in mean nuclear area between follicular adenoma, follicular carcinoma and adenomatous goiter. Papillary carcinoma was the only lesion to show any difference with this single parameter. The mean of maximum and minimum diameter and approximation to a circle were similar for all the types of thyroid masses examined in this study. The Videoplan image analysis system provided an efficient and accurate means of obtaining the nuclear measurements and calculating the statistics. These data illustrate that a differential diagnosis between follicular adenoma, follicular carcinoma and adenomatous goiter, while difficult by light microscopy, is not aided by image analysis of individual cell nuclei.

Adenocarcinoma↗

PubMed1993

Image analysis versus flow cytometry for DNA ploidy quantitation of solid tumors: a comparison of six methods of sample preparation.

With the availability of user-friendly interactive image analysis instruments for DNA analysis, there is a growing need for comparison with the established methodology of flow cytometry. We have compared the results of DNA ploidy quantitation in 12 solid tumors prepared by six different techniques of sample preparation: flow cytometry of fresh cell suspensions and of nuclei isolated from formalin-fixed, paraffin-embedded tissue; and image analysis of touch preparations, of disaggregated cells from paraffin-embedded tissue as well as of 3- and 7-microns-thick tissue sections. Complete agreement in DNA ploidy results obtained by the six methods was found in six out of 12 solid tumors. Image analysis of touch preparations detected most tetraploid and multiple aneuploid peaks. Sections of 7-microns-thick tissue gave better histogram quality than 3-microns-thick sections, however tetraploid peaks were not resolved in one case. Image analysis of disaggregated paraffin-embedded tumor showed comparable ploidy to fresh touch preparations in seven out of 12 cases, the discrepancies being due to loss of tetraploid or multiple aneuploid peaks. Flow cytometry gave good histograms, but tetraploid and multiple aneuploid peaks were occasionally not detected. Each method presents advantages and disadvantages. Flow cytometry and image analysis are complementary methods for DNA quantitation, and more than one method may be necessary to confirm the DNA content of solid tumors.

Cell Nucleus↗

PubMed2003

Image analysis: a novel approach for the quantification of antineutrophil cytoplasmic antibody levels in patients with Wegener's granulomatosis.

Rises in antineutrophil cytoplasmic antibodies (ANCA) directed against proteinase 3 (PR3) have predictive potential for a relapse of Wegener's granulomatosis (WG). To assess the value of image analysis for monitoring ANCA levels, we measured PR3-ANCA in a cohort of PR3-ANCA positive patients with WG that were prospectively followed in our clinic and compared findings with other techniques. ANCA levels were measured serially by quantitative image analysis, titration in indirect immunofluorescence (IIF), two different directly coated antigen-specific enzyme-linked immunosorbent assays (ELISA), and a capture ELISA using a PR3-specific monoclonal antibody in 16 consecutive WG patients prior to a renal relapse, and in 16 age- and sex-matched patients with inactive WG. The positive predictive value (PPV) of an increase in ANCA titers by image analysis for relapse was 69% (11 of 16). The PPV of an increase in ANCA was 61% (11 of 18) by IIF, 71% (12 of 17) by a commercial direct ELISA, 63% (12 of 19) by in-house direct ELISA, and 75% (12 of 16) by capture ELISA. The negative predictive value (NPV) of the absence of an increase in ANCA titers by image analysis for relapse was 69% (11 of 16). The NPV of the absence of an increase in ANCA was 64% (9 of 14) by IIF, 73% (11 of 15) by a commercial direct ELISA, 63% (9 of 13) by in-house direct ELISA, and 75% (12 of 16) by capture ELISA. In conclusions, quantitative image analysis is a novel technique based on the principle of IIF to quantify ANCA levels in a single dilution in a patient sample. No major differences were observed between image analysis and the other techniques in their capacity to predict relapses of disease activity.

Adult↗

PubMed1982

Image analysis for the automated estimation of clonal growth and its application to the growth of smooth muscle cells.

Image analysis was used for the automated measurement of colony frequency (f) and colony diameter (d) in cultures of smooth muscle cells, Initial studies with the inverted microscope showed that number of cells (N) in a colony varied directly with d: log N = 1.98 log d - 3.469 Image analysis generated the complement of a cumulative distribution for f as a function of d. The number of cells in each segment of the distribution function was calculated by multiplying f and the average N for the segment. These data were displayed as a cumulative distribution function. The total number of colonies (fT) and the total number of cells (NT) were used to calculate the average colony size (NA). Population doublings (PD) were then expressed as log2 NA. Image analysis confirmed previous studies in which colonies were sized and counted with an inverted microscope. Thus, image analysis is a rapid and automated technique for the measurement of clonal growth.

Animals↗

PubMed1996

Quantitative image analysis as an alternative to chemical analysis for follow-up of liver biopsies from a toucan with hemochromatosis. A technique with potential value for the follow-up of hemochromatosis in humans.

OBJECTIVE: To compare the reliability of quantitative image analysis of histologic sections versus chemical analysis for determination of the iron content of serial liver biopsies taken at regular intervals after the onset of treatment, in a case of hemochromatosis in a channel-billed toucan treated with deferoxaminemesilate in combination with a low-iron diet. STUDY DESIGN: Two different image analysis systems were used, one developed for working with black-and-white pictures and another capable of processing colored images. Using Pearson's correlation test, the results with both quantitative image analysis systems were compared to the results obtained by chemical analysis. RESULTS: There was a good correlation between the results of chemical analysis and those obtained with each of the two image analysis systems (0.86 and 0.89, respectively, with a confidence interval of 95%). The results of these serial liver biopsies indicated that the bird responded well to treatment. CONCLUSION: Quantitative image analysis can be used to evaluate follow-up of this disease in toucans as an alternative to chemical determination of the iron content in biopsies of the liver. this technique may have potential value in follow-up of hemochromatosis in humans.

Animals↗

PubMed1999

An image analysis method for the study of cell adhesion to biomaterials.

This fluorescence image analysis method for the quantitative determination of cell adhesion on biomaterials allows bone cells labelled with propidium iodide to be counted automatically, directly on their support. The reliability of the estimation by fluorescence image analysis was validated by comparison with visual counting and with results obtained by an electronic particle counter. In this way it was possible to demonstrate that the adhesive properties of bone cells are dependent on the type of substrate--enstatite (MgO, SiO2, CaO-P2O5-Al2O3), Thermanox (modified polyethyleneterephthalate), or glass. In contrast, the spread of the cell cytoplasm, labelled with fluorescein isothiocyanate and measured by image analysis, does not vary significantly according to the substrate. The characterisation by SKIZ tessellation of the spatial cell arrangement shows that the bone cells have a random organisation on Thermanox and glass, whereas they form aggregates on enstatite.

Animals↗

PubMed1993

DNA analysis (ploidy) of molar pregnancies with image analysis on paraffin tissue sections.

Hydatidiform moles can be subclassified based on their ploidy. In general, complete moles are diploid, and partial moles are triploid. The standard method for the determination of DNA content is flow cytometric analysis. In this study, the authors investigated whether static cytometric analysis with the CAS 200 Image Analyzer (Cell Analysis Systems, Inc., Elmhurst, IL) with a software program designed for quantitation of nuclear DNA content in tissue sections can be used to classify moles. Tissue sections from 17 moles were analyzed with this system, and the results were compared with those obtained with flow cytometric analysis. It was found that cell selection was an important factor. A high proportion of the hyperplastic trophoblast was in G2M. Exclusion of these areas and measurement of the trophoblast lining the villi only led to reliable results, and complete agreement between the results of the two methods was obtained. The findings indicate that cytometric analysis on tissue sections is a reliable alternative to flow cytometric analysis for the designation of moles as diploid or triploid.

DNA↗