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At least 253 records · Page 14Linked to original sources
PubMed1988

Repeated suicide attempts by the intravenous injection of elemental mercury.

The case of a patient who repeatedly injected himself intravenously with elementary mercury in suicide attempts is presented and the toxicological effects of this chemical form and route of exposure of mercury are examined. A review of the literature reveals that elemental mercury, when injected as opposed to inhaled, causes few of the effects typical of mercurialism; pleuritic chest pain was frequently reported, whereas renal and central nervous system involvement were less common. Evidence of premorbid psychiatric disturbances was found in ten of fourteen non-cardiac catheterization exposures to intravenous elemental mercury. Findings in our patient were consistent with these observations. One additional and noteworthy finding in our case was that documented deposits of elemental mercury in the right parietal lobe of the brain did not correlate with any specific deficits on neuropsychological testing. Consultation-liaison psychiatry plays an important role in the treatment and care of these complex patients.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1981

In vivo fate of large unilamellar sphingomyelin-cholesterol liposomes after intraperitoneal and intravenous injection into rats.

We investigated the fate of intraperitoneally and intravenously injected reverse phase evaporation vesicles of fairly uniform size (100-200 nm) with respect to blood clearance, tissue distribution and integrity in vivo. The vesicles are composed of sphingomyelin and cholesterol in a molar ratio 3 : 2 and contain 125I-labeled poly(vinyl pyrrolidone) in the aqueous compartment. It is shown that following an intraperitoneal injection the vesicles are transported intact, and not associated with cells, from the peritoneal cavity to the blood and are subsequently taken up mainly by liver and spleen, where, particularly in liver, the phospholipid is partially metabolized. After an intraperitoneal injection the rate of vesicle-uptake by liver and spleen is reduced by a factor of 2-3 compared to the rate of vesicle-uptake by liver and spleen following an intravenous injection. The peritoneal cavity functions as a reservoir of vesicles for some hours. The rates of blood clearance and uptake of the vesicles by liver and spleen appear to be slower than that found for vesicles of different lipid composition.

Animals↗
PubMed1981

Microcrystalline cellulose pulmonary embolism and granulomatosis. A complication of illicit intravenous injections of pentazocine tablets.

Four persons had extensive pulmonary granulomatosis from intravenous injections of cellulose derived from tablets intended for oral consumption. Three of these persons were known abusers of pentazocine (Talwin). The principal vascular lesion induced by cellulose is thrombosis. Destruction of arterial elastic laminae and pulmonary vascular dilation commonly ensue. Two of the victims had cor pulmonale. The cellulose crystals induced foreign body granulomas when extravasated subcutaneously at injection sites on the arms, as well as in the right ventricular endocardium. Cellulose crystals have highly characteristic morphology and histochemical staining reactions that facilitate their recognition and their distinction from talc and starch. The latter substances also are used as fillers in tablets and capsules, and lodge in the pulmonary vessels of persons who inject them intravenously.

Adult↗
PubMed1986

Interaction of intravenously injected liposomes with mouse liver mitochondria. A fluorescence and electron microscopy study.

Megamitochondria, resulting from cuprizone feeding of Swiss ICR mice, were fluorescent in hepatocytes after the intravenous injection to mice of a liposome-encapsulated acridine orange-DNA complex (AO-DNA). Flow cytofluorimetric analysis of isolated megamitochondria showed that the proportion of liposome-encapsulated AO-DNA which localized in megamitochondria increased from 0.02% of the dose injected per liver cell at 3 min after injection to an average of 0.34% at 1 h after injection. Megamitochondria showed negligible fluorescence by fluorescence activated cell sorting (FACS) analysis when free AO-DNA was intravenously injected. Transmission electron micrographs of mouse liver tissue after intravenous injection of liposomes encapsulating iron dextran showed an association of the liposomes with megamitochondria which appeared identical to liposome association with normal mitochondria. These results support and extend our earlier observation that a fraction of the liposomes injected intravenously into mice associate with mitochondria in the liver, and possibly deliver their aqueous contents there.

Acridine Orange↗
PubMed2003

Simple and rapid analysis of endocrine disruptors in liquid medicines and intravenous injection solutions by automated in-tube solid-phase microextraction/high performance liquid chromatography.

A simple and rapid method was developed for analyzing contamination of endocrine disruptors in liquid medicines and intravenous injection solutions. Endocrine disrupting compounds such as bisphenol A (BPA), alkylphenols and phthalates were quantitated by on-line in-tube solid-phase microextraction coupled with high performance liquid chromatography (in-tube SPME/HPLC) with UV detection. The liquid medicines and intravenous injection solutions could be used directly without any pretreatment, and the BPA, alkylphenols and phthalates in these solutions were automatically analyzed. The limits of quantification for these compounds were 1-10 ng/ml. Recoveries of these compounds spiked to the intravenous injection solutions was over 80%, except for some phthalates. Di-n-butyl phthalate (DBP) was detected at a concentration of 7-60 ng/ml in most intravenous injection solutions in plastic containers, but it was not detected in solutions in glass bottles. Diethyl phthalate, di-n-propyl phthalate, DBP and di-2-ethylhexyl phthalate (DEHP) were also detected in syrup, lotion and eye drops in plastic containers. On the other hand, BPA and alkylphenols were not detected at all in these solutions. DEHP contamination from an administration set increased when total vitamin formulation was added to the infusion solution. DEHP was easily leached from polyvinyl chloride tubing by polysorbate 80. The in-tube SPME/HPLC method is simple, rapid and automatic, and it provides a useful tool for the screening and determination of endocrine disruptor contamination in liquid medicines and intravenous injection solutions.

Autoanalysis↗
PubMed2004

[Induced tolerance to cardiac allografts with multiple intravenous injection of donor spleen cells].

OBJECTIVE: To study the methods and mechanisms of immune tolerance in cardiac transplantation. METHODS: Male DA rat hearts were transplanted to male Lewis rats using Ono's model and randomly divided into five groups: untreated, intravenous injection of 1 x 10(8) DA splenocytes to Lewis rat, intraperitoneal injection of cyclophosphamide (100 mg/kg) to Lewis rat, intravenous injection of 1 x 10(8) DA splenocytes combined with intraperitoneal injection of cyclophosphamide (100 mg/kg) to Lewis rat, multiple injection of DA rat splenocytes with intraperitoneal injection of cyclophosphamide, 11 days later heart transplantation was performed. Mean survival time (MST), histological changes, mixed lymphocyte reaction (MLR), the role of interleukin-2 (IL-2) to MLR and the role of tolerant rat splenocytes to MLR were measured after operation. RESULTS: The survival time of heart allografts in the group of multiple injection of DA rat splenocytes with intraperitoneal injection of cyclophosphamide [MST: (85.3 +/- 7.5) d, t = 0, P < 0.01] was significantly longer than in the groups of untreated [MST: (7.3 +/- 1.0) d], intravenous injection of 1 x 10(8) DA splenocytes to Lewis rat [MST: (7.9 +/- 0.9) d], intraperitoneal injection of cyclophosphamide (100 mg/kg) to Lewis rat [MST: (8.1 +/- 1.2) d], intravenous injection of 1 x 10(8) DA splenocytes combined with intraperitoneal injection of cyclophosphamide (100 mg/kg) to Lewis rat [MST: (25.8 +/- 3.5) d]. Only a few inflammatory cells infiltrated in cardiac allografts in the group of multiple injection of DA rat splenocytes with intraperitoneal injection of cyclophosphamide. MLR in the group of multiple injection of DA rat splenocytes with intraperitoneal injection of cyclophosphamide were significantly decreased compared with those of normal control (t = 0, P < 0.01). IL-2 could partly reversed the hyporesponsiveness of MLR in tolerant rats, the tolerance could be transferred in vitro. CONCLUSIONS: Multiple injection of donor splenocytes combined with intraperitoneal injection of cyclophosphamide to recipients could induce immune tolerance to cardiac allografts.

Adoptive Transfer↗
PubMed2004

Evaluation of computer-assisted multimedia instruction in intravenous injection.

The purpose of this study was to develop a computer-assisted multimedia training course for intravenous injection and evaluate its effect on the knowledge and self-perceived performance of intravenous injection for novice nurses. Eighty-one novice nurses randomly assigned to the experimental group and control group participated a designed training procedure and took pretest and posttests. The test results were analyzed using statistical methods. From the study it could be concluded that the training course had a significant effect on the intravenous injection's knowledge. Besides, a high rate of satisfaction for the multimedia program showed the self-developed program was successful.

Adult↗
PubMed1973

Macrocolony assays in the rat of allogeneic Y-P388 and W-256 tumour cells injected intravenously: dependence of colony forming efficiency on age of host and immunity.

Two rapidly growing allogeneic tumours, sublines of Yoshida (Y-P388) and Walker (W-256) injected intravenously in single cell suspensions produced tumour macrocolonies in the lungs of rats within 7 days. Y-P388 produced similar but fewer colonies in the kidneys. Colony forming efficiency (CFE) in lung was high in weanling rats given either sublethal whole body irradiation (WBI) or a single dose of rabbit anti-rat lymphocytic serum (ALS) to suppress immunity. In immunologically intact weanlings CFE was much lower and many 7-day old colonies showed signs of regression. CFE for primary tumour cell challenges decreased rapidly and markedly with increase in age of host during the first 1-2 weeks after weaning. This resistance to growth of a primary challenge in lungs of older rats was not significantly reduced by WBI but was decreased by ALS. CFE of a secondary challenge of tumour cells injected intravenously in rats which had been previously immunized with heavily irradiated (HR) tumour cells was very low; it was not significantly increased by WBI but was moderately increased by ALS. In weanling rats given lethal (900 rad) WBI, 1 hour before intravenous injection of tumour cells, treatment with bone marrow (BM) cells derived from normal adult donors increased CFE, whereas BM (or spleen) cells from immunized donors decreased CFE. The results suggest that ALS and WBI not only increase tumour CFE by suppressing immunity to tumour growth but also "condition" host tissue (tumour bed) in such a way as to facilitate the survival, "take" and initial replication of grafted tumour cells before the rats recover from the immunosuppressive effects of these treatments.

Age Factors↗
PubMed1987

Successful treatment of echovirus meningoencephalitis in sex-linked agammaglobulinaemia by intrathecal and intravenous injection of high titre gammaglobulin.

A 7-year-old boy with sex-linked agammaglobulinaemia developed meningoencephalitis caused by echovirus type 11. He had convulsions, right hemiplegia, cortical motor aphasia, left abducens nerve paralysis, left hypoglossal nerve paralysis, and later became unconscious. Treatment by intravenous injection of conventional gammaglobulin and intrathecal alpha-interferon brought no clinical improvement, but intrathecal administration together with intravenous injection of gammaglobulin containing a high titre of anti-echovirus type 11 antibody was associated with a dramatic improvement in his clinical symptoms. After subsequent periodical (once or twice a week) administration of specific gammaglobulin for 8 months, the echovirus in his cerebrospinal fluid was no longer detected. These findings suggest that intrathecal injection combined with intravenous injection of high titre anti-echovirus type 11 antibody was effective in treating this case of echovirus meningoencephalitis in sex-linked agammaglobulinaemia.

Child↗
PubMed2005

[The role of vagus nerves in different changes of the right atrial pressure following intravenous injection of pressor vasoactive drugs].

In acute experiments on anesthetized cats, intravenous injection of the norepinephrine and angiotensin caused different changes of right atrial pressure in intact animals (decreasing--I group, of animals, and increasing--II group). After right and left vagus nerves had been cut, the right atrial pressure in the I group of animals decreased, but its changes were lesser than in intact animals due to slowing down of the increase of the right ventricular myocardial contractility and venous return. The latter was the result of severe diminution of the increase of the superior vena cava flow compared with the intact animals, meanwhile the value of the inferior vena cava flow did not change. In the II group animals after vagotomy and intravenous injection of the noripinephrine and angiotensin the sign of the right atrial pressure became negative, i. e. the direction of its shifts changed to the opposite, compared with intact animals. In this case, the changes of the sign of the right atrial pressure was caused by the removal of the reflectory inhibitory vagal influences on the heart, because the values of the right ventricular myocardial contractility and venous return were the same as in intact animals of the group, due to decreasing of the value of the superior vena cava flow and increasing of the shifts of the inferior vena cava flow. The vagotomy alone caused also different changes (decreasing or increasing) of right atrial pressure following increasing of the right ventricular myocardial contractility, meanwhile the changes of the venous return were insignificant. Direct electrical stimulation of both the right and the left vagus nerves caused the increasing of the right atrial pressure and decreasing of the right ventricular myocardial contractility and venous return. Thus we concluded, that different changes of the right atrial pressure in animals following intravenous injection of the pressor vasoactive drugs could be the result of different manifestations of the vagal afferent impulsation, which has influence on the sympathetic tonic discharges on the vessels of the regions of the superior and inferior vena cava, and the vagal reflectory inhibitory influences on the heart.

Angiotensins↗
PubMed1993

Pharmacokinetics of sulfadimethoxine in skin of broiler-chicken after single and multiple intravenous injections.

Pharmacokinetics of sulfadimethoxine (SDMX) in skin of broiler chicken after intravenous and in-drinking-water administrations were investigated to examine the reason for a longer residue of SDMX in the skin which was observed in the residue study after administration via drinking water at a concentration of 1,000 ppm. The decay curve of SDMX in the skin after single intravenous injection of 200 mg/kg, the highest dose, was fitted to the two compartment model with T1/2 of 4.4 hrs in the first elimination phase and 173 hrs in the second one. The extrapolated concentrations in the skin at 24 hrs after the injection were calculated to be 69.0 micrograms/g for the 1st phase and 0.11 micrograms/g for the 2nd phase. The decay curves in the skin after single injection of 30 and 100 mg/kg were fitted to the one compartment model with T1/2 of 3.2 and 5.7 hrs, respectively. Dividing a high dose into 3 to 5 doses and injecting sequentially with intervals of the previously measured T1/2, SDMX concentrations in the skin were about half of those in the plasma and ran parallel. The plasma concentration-time curves after single intravenous injection of SDMX more than 100 mg/kg showed nonlinear kinetics with concentrations over 100 micrograms/ml for 12-30 hrs after the injection. By administration of SDMX via drinking water, a sustained residue curve of SDMX in the skin at 1,000 ppm reported previously was not observed at 500 ppm.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

Administration, Oral↗