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Results for “Intention”

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PubMed1993

Can short-range intentions predict physical activity participation.

This study examined the issue of proximity of intention in the physical activity domain by employing both short-range (2 and 3 days) and longer range (4 weeks) intentions in the prediction of participation in physical activity. Subjects were 42 undergraduate students who completed intention and physical activity assessments every class (Monday, Wednesday, and Friday) for six weeks and also a single assessment four weeks apart. Analysis indicated that short-range intention is a better predictor of physical activity than is the longer range intention; however, even the short-range intention-physical activity correlations were only of modest magnitude. Interpretation of the results focused on the potential nonvolitional nature of physical activity and the possible role of perceived behavioral control and behavioral expectation.

Adult↗

PubMed2003

Reversible-figure perception: mechanisms of intentional control.

Observers can exert a degree of intentional control over the perception of reversible figures. Also, the portion of the stimulus that is selected for primary or enhanced processing (focal-feature processing) influences how observers perceive a reversible figure. Two experiments investigated whether voluntary control over perception of a Necker cube could be explained in terms of intentionally selecting appropriate focal features within the stimulus for primary processing. In Experiment 1, varying observers' intentions and the focus of primary processing produced additive effects on the percentage of time that one alternative was perceived. In Experiment 2, the effect of varying the focus of primary processing was eliminated by the use of a small cube, but the effect of intention was unaltered. The results indicate that intentional control over perception can be exerted independently of focal-feature processing, perhaps by top-down activation or priming of perceptual representations. The results also reveal the limits of intentional control.

Attention↗

PubMed2001

Forming and canceling everyday intentions: implications for prospective remembering.

The intention superiority effect (ISE) is characterized by faster response time to task material intended for future performance than to neutral material with no associated intention or material that is linked to a canceled intention. The existence of the ISE has been explored here under naturalistic conditions in which participants self-initiate an intention that is of personal relevance to them. Participants were required to remember prospective tasks that were presented under the guise of preparatory tasks for the next participant. After encoding a pair of tasks, they were informed that one task no longer needed to be performed. Subsequent lexical decision data exhibited the expected effect of faster response time for intended items than for canceled items (experimental groups in Experiments 1A and 1B). No differences in response time were observed between two sets of canceled items (control group in Experiment 1A). When an intention coexisted with the expectation that a written description of the task would be available, no reliable difference in latencies for these items and canceled items was observed (control group in Experiment 1B). The results are discussed in terms of facilitatory and inhibitory processes that may allow us to contend with many intentions in everyday scenarios.

Humans↗

PubMed2005

[A comparative study of how subjects' characteristics and nursing service quality influence on hospital revisiting intent between patients and nurses].

PURPOSE: This study was aimed to examine how subjects' characteristics and nursing service quality influence hospital revisiting intent, to compare perceptions of patients with those of nurses. METHOD: The questionnaire was developed and distributed to 300 patients and nurses at six general hospitals in a provincial city, Korea. For data analysis, the SPSS/PC program was used. RESULT: The nursing service quality's scores of patients is 3.61, that of nurses is 3.77, and there is a significant difference. The hospital revisiting intent's score of patients is 4.84, that of nurses is 4.61, and there are no significant differences. In subjects' characteristics, patients perceive that the hospital is the only different factor, and place hospital revisiting intent at 3.6%. Nurses perceive that education level and position are different factors, and place hospital revisiting intent at 3.3%. In nursing service quality, patients perceive that 2 attributes explain hospital revisiting intent at 17.8% and 2 factors explain it at 16.5%; whereas, nurses perceive that 2 attributes explain hospital revisiting intent at 15.3% and 3 factors explain it at 12.2%. CONCLUSION: There are perception gaps between consumers and providers. So nursing and hospital managers must recognize these facts and provide various marketing strategies to overcome them.

Adult↗

PubMedDate not supplied

Determinants of intention to adopt a low-fat diet in men 30 to 60 years old: implications for heart health promotion.

PURPOSE: The purpose of the study was to identify the determinants of intention to have a low-fat diet in 30- to 60-year-old men. DESIGN: The survey design was cross-sectional and consisted of a self-administered questionnaire. The dependent variable was the intention to have a low-fat diet within the next 4 months, and the independent variables were those suggested by the theory of planned behavior. SETTING: The study population was drawn from three districts representing a modal sample of Laval, the second most populous city (N = 314,398) in the province of Quebec. SUBJECTS: The sample comprised 3200 people. Of the 3200 questionnaires sent out, 2583 were received and 2269 were eligible (i.e., were answered by 30- to 60-year-old men), giving a response rate of 70.9%. Of the 2269 questionnaires, 430 were incomplete, resulted in 1839 being usable for analysis. MEASURES: Multiple regression analysis was conducted to determine the influence of the independent variables on the dependent variable, the intention to have a low-fat diet. The independent variables were (1) direct and indirect determinants of intention as suggested in the theory of planned behavior and (2) sociodemographic and concomitant variables and their interactions. Discriminant analysis was used on the significant variables obtained in the regression to establish the cognitive profile of respondents' intention, strong or weak. RESULTS: In the final model, five variables 51% of the total variance. Respondents who had a stronger intention perceived that their important referents would approve them having a low-fat diet. They scored higher in seeing the advantages of adopting the target behavior and had a more positive attitude toward the behavior. They also perceived themselves as having control over the target behavior, and scored higher in terms of recognizing the perceived power of this control factor. CONCLUSIONS: The results suggests that the theory of planned behavior can be an effective tool in the planning of heart health promotion. They indicate that low-fat diet programs for men should target the work site and peer-group organizations, and place emphasis on adapting usual recipes. Though accenting the health and nutritional benefits of a low-fat diet, messages should appeal to emotion as well as reason.

Adult↗

PubMed2000

Knowledge, self-efficacy and behavioural intent towards AIDS prevention behaviours among culturally diverse secondary school pupils in South Africa.

OBJECTIVE: To investigate knowledge, self-efficacy, and behavioural intent towards AIDS prevention behaviours among culturally diverse secondary school pupils in South Africa. DESIGN: Randomised study. SETTING: Three urban secondary schools in Pietersburg, South Africa. PARTICIPANTS: Three hundred and sixty six Grade 11 secondary school pupils, comprising 150 (41%) males, and 216 (59%) females, aged 17 to 24 years (mean age 19.3 years, SD=2.6). The three cultural groups were 142 Blacks, 112 Whites and 112 Asians. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES: The questionnaire included items on socio-economic and family background, knowledge about HIV, perceived self-efficacy and behavioural intent regarding AIDS preventive behaviours. RESULTS: Overall, the participants showed an adequate level of AIDS knowledge. However, there was considerable inaccuracy regarding AIDS transmission myths or how AIDS cannot be transmitted. The different cultural groups generally felt most self-efficacious regarding how to protect themselves from becoming infected (75-90%) and least self-efficacious on knowing where to go for information on AIDS (72-74%). Generally, participants reported a high behavioural intent. The Whites stand second in knowledge and more or less second in self-efficacy and behaviour intent. The Blacks stand third in knowledge and more or less second in self-efficacy and behaviour intent. CONCLUSION: Culturally diverse knowledge, self-efficacy and behavioural intent towards AIDS prevention was found among White, Black and Asian pupils, which should inform a culturally sensitive and appropriate AIDS health promotion programme in South Africa.

Acquired Immunodeficiency Syndrome↗

PubMed1985

[The effects of intention and mental imagery on the learning of peripheral skin temperature control].

This study aimed to examine the effects of intention to raise the skin temperature and the use of warm imagery as a strategy for the control of skin temperature without biofeedback. Thirty-two adult female subjects were assigned to either one of following four groups: intention-imagery (It-Im), intention-no imagery (It-NIm), no intention-imagery (NIt-Im), and no intention-no imagery (NIt-NIm) groups. The finger-tip skin temperature was measured during following sessions: first trial, first rest, second trial, and second rest sessions. Results were as follows: the It-Im group was able to raise its skin temperature in the first and the second trial sessions, the It-NIm and NIt-Im groups were not able to raise their skin temperature in any sessions, and the skin temperature of the NIt-NIm group was raised during the first trial session, but it was stopped at the second trial session. These results suggest that both intention and strategy are necessary for the control of skin temperature without biofeedback.

Adolescent↗

PubMed2001

The intention to hasten death: a survey of attitudes and practices of surgeons in Australia.

OBJECTIVE: To determine attitudes among surgeons in Australia to assisted death, and the proportion of surgeons who have intentionally hastened death with or without an explicit request. DESIGN: Anonymous, cross-sectional, mail-out survey between August and November 1999 PARTICIPANTS: 683 out of 992 eligible general surgeons (68.9% response rate). MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES: Proportion of respondents answering affirmatively to questions about administering excessive doses of medication with an intention to hasten death. RESULTS: 247 respondents (36.2%; 95% CI, 32.6%-39.9%) reported that, for the purpose of relieving a patient's suffering, they have given drugs in doses that they perceived to be greater than those required to relieve symptoms with the intention of hastening death. More than half of these (139 respondents; 20.4% of all respondents; 95% CI, 17.4%-23.6%) reported that they had never received an unambiguous request for a lethal dose of medication. Of all respondents, only 36 (5.3%; 95% CI, 2.9%-6.1%) reported that they had given a bolus lethal injection, or had provided the means to commit suicide, in response to an unambiguous request. CONCLUSIONS: More than a third of surgeons surveyed reported giving drugs with an intention to hasten death, often in the absence of an explicit request. However, in many instances, this may involve the use of an infusion of analgesics or sedatives, and such actions may be difficult to distinguish from accepted palliative care, except on the basis of the doctor's self-reported intention. Legal and moral distinctions based solely on a doctor's intention are problematic.

Adult↗

PubMed2000

Intention to be tested for prostate cancer risk among African-American men.

This study was conducted to identify factors associated with intention to be tested for prostate cancer risk among African-American men. Participants in this study included African-American men (n = 548) who were patients at the University Health Service at the University of Chicago, were 40 to 70 years of age, and did not have a personal history of prostate cancer. Baseline telephone survey data were collected for 413 (75%) men. Respondents were asked if they intended to have a blood test to assess prostate cancer risk. Univariate and multivariate analyses of intention to be tested for risk were performed. Eighty-six percent of the men said that they intended to be tested. Multivariate analysis results show that belief in the efficacy of prostate cancer screening [odds ratio (OR) = 3.6; 95% confidence interval (CI) = 1.4, 9.1] and intention to undergo a prostate cancer-screening (i.e., digital rectal examination and prostate-specific antigen testing; OR = 2.8; 95% CI = 1.3, 6.3) were positively associated with intention to be tested for prostate cancer risk. Being older (OR = 0.4; 95% CI = 0.2, 0.9), having had a prostate cancer-screening examination in the past year (OR = 0.5; 95% CI = 0.2, 1.0), perceiving one's prostate cancer susceptibility to be high (OR = 0.4; 95% CI = 0.2, 0.8), and being fatalistic about prostate cancer prevention (OR = 0.3; 95% CI = 0.2, 0.7) were negatively associated with intention to be tested for risk. Intention to be tested for prostate cancer risk was high among men in the study. Past screening, perceived susceptibility, and beliefs related to early detection might influence receptivity to genetic testing for prostate cancer risk.

Adult↗

PubMedDate not supplied

Factors affecting a woman's intent to adopt hormone replacement therapy for menopause.

OBJECTIVE: To explore the relationship of attitude toward menopause, knowledge of menopause, social support for hormone replacement therapy (HRT), and self-efficacy for HRT with intention to adopt HRT for menopause. DESIGN: A prospective design, to explore the relationship between predictors and the criterion, intent to adopt HRT. SETTING: The participants were recruited from clinic sites in rural Nebraska and Wyoming. PARTICIPANTS: A convenience sample of 167 perimenopausal/menopausal women ages 39 to 58. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURE: Multiple regression was used to examine the relationships between predictors and the criterion, intent to adopt HRT. RESULTS: Self-efficacy was found to predict intent to adopt HRT to a higher degree than the other predictors of support and knowledge. The combined influence of all three predictors affected intent to adopt HRT to a greater degree than any of the variables independently, R2 = .45. CONCLUSIONS: This study provides evidence that self-efficacy, support, and knowledge may affect a woman's intent to adopt HRT. A higher priority needs to be placed on enhancing a menopausal woman's self-efficacy, support, and knowledge to facilitate adoption of HRT.

Adult↗

PubMed2004

Prenatal patients' views of prenatal care services: a medical center-based assessment of knowledge and intent to use support services.

BACKGROUND: Our objective was to ascertain the priority of prenatal support services from the perspective of high-risk patients. The relationship between patients' needs, and both knowledge of and intent to use services, was examined, while documenting factors associated with the intent to use available support services. METHODS: The authors of this study conducted a cross-sectional survey of 102 African-American women at a university-affiliated, urban-health center. Patients' priority support needs were compared to their knowledge of and intent to use support services using chi-square statistics. Logistic regression was used to determine factors independently associated with patients' intent to use 5 support services (substance abuse counseling, community referrals, health education, nutrition services, and social work services), while adjusting for potential socioeconomic confounding variables, knowledge, and need for services. RESULTS: Knowledge of existing services was independently associated with patient intent to use one or more support services (odds ratio 3.6; confidence interval 1.4-9.4). With each one-unit increase in parity, a 30% less odds (odds ratio 0.7; confidence interval 0.4-0.9) of using one or more support services occurred. CONCLUSIONS: Physicians should ensure prenatal patients' knowledge of support services at healthcare centers. Multiparity is inversely related to women's intent to use support services, independent of their knowledge of service availability.

Academic Medical Centers↗

PubMedDate not supplied

Psychosocial determinants of the intention of nurses and dietitians to recommend breastfeeding.

OBJECTIVES: To identify the major psychosocial determinants of the intention of nurses and dietitians to recommend breastfeeding to new mothers for six months as well as the salient beliefs underlying this intention. METHOD: Following an open-ended questionnaire that sought to elicit their most significant beliefs, a standardized questionnaire based on a modified model of Ajzen's theory of planned behaviour, was sent to New Brunswick nurses and dietitians who graduated between January 1992 and December 1996. Multiple regression analysis determined which variables contributed the most to the prediction of intention. RESULTS: The main determinants of intention were perceived behavioural control and perceived professional norm. They explained 69% of the variance in intention. All salient beliefs underlying the perceived behavioural control were significantly associated with intention. CONCLUSION: To help nurses and dietitians to support and promote breastfeeding more effectively, programs should focus on changing perceived and true barriers to recommending breastfeeding, as well as the related perceived professional norm.

Attitude of Health Personnel↗

PubMedDate not supplied

Predicting and reinforcing children's intentions to wear protective helmets while bicycling.

The researchers undertook to identify the factors that are most likely to influence children's intentions to use bicycle helmets. To determine the most important intention influencing factors, a random sample of 797 students in grades 4 through 6 completed a self-administered questionnaire concerning their beliefs about helmet use. They were asked about their perceptions of the risk of riding bicycles unprotected, the severity of possible head injuries, and about other bicycle-safety related behaviors. Factors that best predicted the student's intentions to use bicycle helmets involved both behavioral beliefs and normative beliefs. Analysis of factors influencing those with low intentions to use helmets, compared to those with high intentions, suggests the most effective messages that health planners can provide preadolescents to influence them to use helmets. They are that helmet use is fun and attractive, helmets provide a new look and a sporting image, and friends approve of and value this behavior. Parents, and particularly mothers, can reinforce their children's intentions to use helmets and their involvement should be encouraged.

Bicycling↗

PubMed2006

[The effect of perceived work and organizational chracteristics on psychological distress and intention to quit of information technology professionals].

PURPOSE: The information technology (IT) and service industry in Japan is known to have many work-related stressors, and requires more effective stress reduction to control an elevated turnover rate and adverse health effects. However, little research has been performed using either individual or organizational outcomes (e.g., psychological distress and intention to quit) to determine micro and macro-level stressors on information technology (IT) professionals. This study aimed to examine the effect of perceived work and organizational characteristics (PWOC) as micro and macro-level stressors on psychological distress and intention to quit, controlling for profitability of the organization and individual characteristics on IT professionals in Japan. METHODS: We conducted a web-based questionnaire at fifty-three Japanese IT-related companies. From May to June of 2003, ten to thirty people from each company, who were chosen according to quota method indicators through the labor unions, voluntarily participated in this study. Participants accessed our webpage, which was designed with a self-administrated questionnaire and was accessible by password. The data they entered were sent to our database automatically. The questionnaire consisted of items concerning socio-demographic status; office size; employment characteristics; work hour characteristics; profitability of the organization; a novel 29-item scale (PWOC); as well as individual characteristics. The response rate was 66% (n = 1049). For the purpose of this study, we analyzed data on an IT engineers' group separately (n = 871). RESULTS: Hierarchical multiple regression analysis showed that each model explained 23% and 26% of the variance in psychological distress and intention to quit, respectively. PWOC sub-scales, which are related to macro-level stressors (e.g., undeveloped management systems and career and future ambiguity), affect not only psychological distress but also intention to quit. Objective data of macro-level stressors such as increased profitability determine intention to quit, independently controlling for their PWOC. Also, growth need strength was an important personal characteristic for psychological distress. The results allow us to speculate on macro as well as micro-level stressors for ways that organizations might reduce IT professionals' stress and increase their productivity. CONCLUSIONS: This study suggests that macro-level stressors are important factors for psychological distress and intention to quit for IT professionals, as well as micro-level stressors. Since occupational stress is costly in terms of organizational outcomes, further research on occupational stress measuring individual and organizational outcomes both within and beyond the Japanese IT industry should prove useful.

Computers↗

PubMed1991

AIDS-related factors predictive of suicidal ideation of low and high intent among gay and bisexual men.

AIDS-related stressors were studied in relationship to suicidal ideation and suicide intent among 778 gay and bisexual men (none with AIDS). Over the previous six months, 27% (n = 212) reported suicidal ideation. Subjects who reported suicidal ideation (compared to those who did not) were more likely to report recent (last 6 months) bereavement of partner, recent ARC diagnosis, and multiple close friends with ARC. Suicide ideators were divided by a median split on a self-report scale of suicide intent into low (n = 105) and high (n = 107) intent suicide ideators. News of HIV seropositivity was specifically related to low intent suicidal ideation. High intent suicidal ideation was associated with having a partner with AIDS or ARC, or multiple close friends with AIDS, or having ARC. Generally speaking, while temporally discrete AIDS-related events were associated the report of suicidal ideation, ongoing stressors which may more greatly challenge adaptational capacities were more associated with high intent suicidal ideation.

AIDS Serodiagnosis↗

PubMedDate not supplied

Attitudes and intentions of baccalaureate nursing students toward the elderly.

The primary purpose of this study was to develop instruments that reliably measure belief and behavioral intentions toward the elderly with control for social desirability set within the belief measure. Related purposes involved evaluation of the impact of a gerontologic nursing course on beliefs and behavioral intentions of nursing students toward the elderly. Data were collected over a three-month period from 153 volunteers in a baccalaureate nursing program. One group was tested both before and immediately after a gerontologic nursing course; three other groups were tested immediately, one, and two years after the course. A paired-comparison type belief scale and a multiple-act behavioral intention scale were developed and used in the study. The Kogan Old People and Marlowe-Crowne Social Desirability scales served as outside criteria. Both new instruments were found to be highly reliable. An association between beliefs and behavioral intentions above the .30 level was found between scores on the behavioral intention and Kogan scales, but not between behavioral intention and belief scores.

Aged↗

PubMedDate not supplied

Attitudes, subjective norms, and intentions to engage in health behaviors.

The theory of reasoned action was used as the conceptual framework for analyzing the relationships among attitudes, subjective norms, and intentions to exercise regularly, maintain/attain recommended weight, and avoid highly stressful life situations. The sample (N = 377) consisted of adults between the ages of 18 and 66 living in two midwestern communities. Data were collected using a structured questionnaire designed according to guidelines developed by Ajzen and Fishbein (1980). The theory was supported in part by study results. Attitudes were useful in explaining intentions to engage in all three health behaviors studied. Subjective norms contributed only to the explanation of intentions to engage in regular exercise. Three factors, attitudes, subjective norms, and weight, affected intentions to engage in regular exercise, R = .364, p less than .01. Attitudes, weight, and perceived health status were the principle determinants of intention to eat a diet consistent with weight control, R = .428, p less than .001. Of the variables studied, only attitude was associated with intention to manage stress, R = .271, p less than .01.

Adolescent↗

PubMed1995

Phenomenology of intentional repetitive behaviors in obsessive-compulsive disorder and Tourette's disorder.

BACKGROUND: Recent evidence suggests that obsessive-compulsive disorder (OCD) and Tourette's disorder are related and have overlapping clinical features. The purpose of this study was to test the following hypotheses regarding intentional repetitive behaviors in these two disorders: (1) In OCD without comorbid Tourette's, they are preceded by cognitive phenomena and autonomic anxiety, but not sensory phenomena, and (2) in Tourette's without comorbid OCD, they are preceded by sensory phenomena, but not cognitive phenomena nor autonomic anxiety. METHOD: Fifteen adult OCD outpatients without tics and 17 adult Tourette's outpatients without OCD were evaluated with a structured interview. Questions assessed cognitive, sensory, and affective experiences related to intentional repetitive behaviors. RESULTS: Five of 17 Tourette's subjects were excluded because they had only unintentional or occasionally intentional tics. All OCD patients reported some cognitions preceding their intentional repetitive behaviors, whereas only 2 of 12 Tourette's patients reported cognitions. In comparison, all Tourette's patients reported sensory phenomena preceding repetitive behaviors, and none of the OCD patients reported such sensations. In addition, 13 OCD patients reported at least mild autonomic anxiety associated with their repetitive behaviors, whereas no Tourette's patients reported such symptoms. CONCLUSION: Intentional repetitive behaviors in OCD differ from those in Tourette's and are associated with cognitive and autonomic phenomena. Sensory phenomena preceded intentional repetitive behaviors in Tourette's but not in OCD patients. The dimensions examined in this study (cognition, sensory phenomena, and autonomic anxiety) may represent valid clinical factors for characterization of repetitive behaviors in OCD and Tourette's.

Adult↗