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Results for “Introversion, Psychological”

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At least 253 records · Page 14Linked to original sources
PubMed1975

Prediction of perceptual defense from experimental stress and susceptibility to stress as indicated by thematic apperception.

The present investigation tested the hypothesis advanced by J. Inglis (1961) that perceptual defense and perceptual vigilance result from an interaction between personality differences and degrees of experimental stress. The design, which controlled for questionable procedures used in previous studies, utilized 32 introverts and 32 extraverts, half male and half female, in an experiment with a visual recognition-task. Results indicated that under low-stress conditions introverts and extraverts identified by their response to a thematic apperception task react to threatening stimuli with perceptual defense and perceptual vigilance, respectively. Under high-stress conditions, type of avoidance activity reverses; extraverts react with perceptual defense and introverts with perceptual vigilance. It was suggested that, when both personality and stress variables are controlled, results of the perceptual defense paradigm are predictable and consistent, in support of Inglis' hypothesis.

Anxiety↗
PubMed1975

Personality, emotional state, and perception of nonverbal communications.

The study investigated whether emotionally provoking disagreements between 36 marriage partners influenced their ability to identify each other's feelings from tone of voice cues. The results suggested that among the males the ability of stable introverts to identify increased after disagreements, while that of neurotic introverts decreased (p smaller than 0.01).

Cues↗
PubMed1975

Personality, reinforcement and learning.

Conflict in predictions resulting from Eysenck's (1957) and Gray's (1970) theoretical formulations on personality and conditioning were tested at the behavioral level. Given conditions which do not produce over-arousal, it would be predicted from Eysenck's position that Introverts would condition better than Extraverts. From Gray's formulation it would follow that Introverts condition better if negative reinforcement is used and Extraverts condition better if positive reinforcement is used. The two opposing predictions were tested in pursuit rotor learning by either positively or negatively reinforcing the hit/miss dimension of performance by 166 males aged 14 to 15 yr. The results gave support to Gray's position but if over-arousal is assumed Eysenck's position is tenable.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1978

Harmful effects of clinical training upon students' personalities.

Subjects were administered the Eysenck Personality Inventory both before and after they participated in 40-hr. workshops. Those (n = 28) who attended workshops in applied clinical psychology became significantly more introverted relative to those (n = 28) who attended nonpsychological workshops. Gender exerted no effects and both Neuroticism and Lie were unaffected by any variables. It was concluded that such training in applied clinical psychology causes students to become much more preoccupied with their own thoughts, feelings, and problems.

Adult↗
PubMed1993

Including neither-type in the morningness-eveningness dimension decreases the robustness of the model.

The present paper is a study of axillary temperature and performance during the waking part of the day and the relationship of these two variables to Morningness-Eveningness preferences. A reduced scale of the Horne and Ostberg questionnaire was adapted and standardized for the Spanish population, and 3 groups of subjects were formed (Morning-types: 3 men, 2 women; Neither-type: 3 men, 6 women; Evening-types: 1 man, 4 women). Three different tasks were tested, auditory reaction time (to measure alertness and speed), index finger tapping (motor skill), and verbal memory (information processing). The subjects were tested hourly in 13 sessions spread out over the day. Morningness-Eveningness preference groups did not differ in temperature and performance. Neither-type subjects did not present values intermediate between those of the Morning- and Evening-types.

Acoustic Stimulation↗
PubMed1994

Examining the Lüscher Color Test.

98 subjects rated the 8 colored cards from the Lüscher Color Test from their most to least preferred colors. Lüscher claimed subjects who select identical color combinations have similar personalities. Statements were formed from Lüscher's descriptors of personalities while ensuring that the social desirability of the statements was equal. Subjects were asked to state the extent to which their personalities matched the descriptive statements. Lüscher suggested that people who favor red and yellow are more extraverted than those who prefer blue and green, but the data did not support Lüscher's predictions. Color preference was not related to self-descriptions when social desirability was controlled. Moreover, people favoring green and blue were not more introverted than those favoring red or yellow.

Adult↗
PubMed1996

Reactivity in extroverts and introverts.

The response times of 17 introverts and 24 extroverts to red and blue stimulus lights were compared. While no differences were found between the groups, introverts responded faster to the presentation of the red stimulus light than the blue one.

Adult↗
PubMed1999

Personality and performance on a frustrating cognitive task.

Eysenck's biological model of personality suggests that extravertive persons will not persevere when solving boring, frustrating problems. This hypothesis was tested using a difficult jigsaw task. Quitting behaviour was strongly associated with scores on Extraversion.

Cognition↗