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PubMedDate not supplied

Psychiatric disorders among adolescent Jordanian returnees from Kuwait during the 1991 Gulf War.

Adolescent Jordanian returnees from Kuwait during the 1991 Gulf War were expected to have elevated rates of psychiatric disorders, therefore their mental health status was examined. We evaluated 1376 newly enrolled students in two public universities in northern Jordan using an Arabic translation of the self-administered General Health Questionnaire. The overall rate of psychiatric disorders among the study sample was 23.3%; the rate among adolescent returnees (30.8%) was significantly higher than among other adolescents (22.4%). Although psychiatric disorders were generally common among Jordanian adolescents, the exposure of Jordanian children in Kuwait to the Gulf War was still detrimental to their mental health status as adolescents.

Adolescent↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Invasive fungal infections in Kuwait: A retrospective study.

A retrospective review of a five year period (1994-1998) revealed that opportunistic mycoses caused by ubiquitous fungal pathogens are a serious problem in the immunocompromised patient population of Kuwait. Patients with renal transplantation and diabetes mellitus were most susceptible to aspergillosis, cryptococcosis, and zygomycosis, whereas patients with candidemia/hematogenous candidiasis had multiple risk factors. Basidiobolomycosis of the rectum in a Bangladeshi male, cryptococcosis due to Cryptococcus neoformans var. gatti in an AIDS patient,fungal peritonitis due to Absidia corymbifera in a patient on peritoneal dialysis, and endocarditis due to Aspergillus terreus detected by direct microscopic examination and culture of the blood clot are some of the notable cases diagnosed during the period under review. The predominance of Candida species other than C. albicans as bloodstream pathogens is another noteworthy observation. Although outbreaks of C. parapsilosis candidemia in neonatal intensive care units contributed significantly to this shift in favour of non-albicans Candida species, a surveillance strategy comprising of molecular, epidemiologic and antifungal susceptibility studies is warranted. With the proposed expansion of organ and bone marrow transplantation facilities in Kuwait, the incidence of opportunistic fungal infections is likely to increase.

Adult↗
PubMed2006

SEM of the Oestrus ovis larvae causing myiasis of sheep in the state of Kuwait with a review on human infection.

In the present study, the dipterous larvae Oestrus ovis collected from nasal and frontal cavities of infected sheep slaughtered at the AL-Shuwaikh abattoir, Kuwait were studied by scanning electron microscope. The taxonomic morphological details of the larvae were described and found similar to the previous descriptions of the parasite. The environmental factors affecting human infection with myiasis were discussed and a review of human infestations in Kuwait was given.

Abattoirs↗
PubMed2007

Male infertility in Kuwait. Etiologic and therapeutic aspects.

OBJECTIVE: To evaluate the pathological patterns associated with male infertility in Kuwait and to characterize treatment outcome after varicocele repair using percutaneous varicocele embolization. METHODS: We carried out a prospective study of 64 infertile men in Kuwait between 2001 and 2005. All patients included had proven non-obstructive azoospermia or oligospermia (sperm count <20 million/ml). All patients underwent ultrasonographic evaluation of the scrotum. Fine needle aspiration of the testes was performed on all azoospermic patients. RESULTS: A total of 24 (38%) patients were azoospermic while 40 (62%) were oligospermic. Sertoli- cell-only pattern was the most common cytopathology associated with primary testicular failure. Among the oligospermic patients, 50% had small to moderate varicocele. Spermatic vein embolization resulted in a significant rise in the mean sperm count from 10.6 +/- 3.8 million/ml to 30.2 +/- 6.8 million/ml (p<0.05) in 5 treated oligospermic patients, followed by spontaneous pregnancy in 2 couples. No effect was seen on azoospermic patients. CONCLUSION: From an etiological point of view, we believe that the high incidence of Sertoli cell-only-syndrome among nationals and residents of a country that underwent a major environmental insult strengthens the chances of an environmental role in the development of this syndrome. From a management point of view, in cultures where in vitro fertilization is either still not widely acceptable or is unaffordable, oligospermia with clinical or subclinical varicocele deserves a trial of a low risk, out patient procedure, namely, spermatic vein embolization that could improve fertility.

Adult↗
PubMed1991

Cesarean section in Kuwait, 1983 through 1988.

Examination of the cesarean section (CS) rate at the Ministry of Public Health hospitals in Kuwait during 1983 through 1988 revealed a rate of 9.36% and showed no significant trend. The rates in the individual 4 hospitals differed significantly. A significant weak positive correlation between the CS rate and instrumental delivery rates was found. No significant correlation was found between the CS rate and perinatal mortality rate, but a weak positive correlation was found between the CS rate and neonatal mortality rates. Based on the existing health information system in Kuwait, it was not possible to determine whether variations in CS rates were secondary to differences in the risk status of the population subgroups, or were related to physicians' practice style which offers a potential for reduction of the higher rates. Deficiencies identified in the existing health information system included unavailability of information about parity, indications of CS, and whether the procedure was a primary or repeat one. Recommendations to rectify these deficiencies were suggested.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1991

Factors affecting birth weight in Kuwait. Part I, Maternal, dietary and socioeconomic factors.

The aim of this study was to determine the effect of maternal nutrition, vitamin supplementation and socioeconomic status on infants birth weight in Kuwait. The weight of 1995 newborn Kuwaiti infants was recorded shortly after delivery. Data on mothers' bodyweight just before pregnancy, height, weight gain during pregnancy and vitamin intake were recorded. Mothers were interviewed to collect data in family income, educational level and employment during pregnancy. The results show that mean birth weight in Kuwait (3.50 Kg) compares favourably with any country. The birth weight was affected by several factors. Maternal body weight, height and weight gain during pregnancy were positively correlated with birth weight. The results also show that the intake of vitamin supplement during pregnancy did not have a significant inference on birth weight. Obese mothers consuming a reducing diet delivered babies with birth weight slightly above normal. The results show that mothers from high income families had heavier babies when compared with a low income group. On the other hand, educated and employed mothers were more liable to have slightly smaller babies when compared with illiterate or unemployed mothers.

Birth Weight↗
PubMed1990

Allied health manpower in Kuwait: issues and answers.

This article focuses on the salient issues and problems regarding allied health manpower in Kuwait, an oil-rich Gulf country. The health system in Kuwait has expanded very rapidly since the country's independence 29 years ago. A major feature of the health system is its heavy reliance on expatriate workers, constituting 80% of all doctors and over 90% of all nurses. Local training facilities have started producing some of the required allied health professionals. Continued shortages of indigenous allied health professionals are, however, inevitable in most areas. The presence of a highly diverse expatriate workforce raises serious problems, concerning worker conflict, differential skills and competencies, and adjustment to the Kuwaiti culture. Standardizing local training facilities, curricular expansion to accommodate emerging health concepts, and improving the system of hiring expatriates are needed.

Allied Health Personnel↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Bacterial and viral causes of acute diarrhoea in children in Kuwait.

Bacterial and viral causes of acute diarrhoea were studied prospectively for one year in 343 hospitalised young children in Kuwait. In 288 (84%) patients, one or more pathogens were identified compared with 12 of 86 (13.9%) children admitted with diseases other than diarrhoea (p less than 0.01). Forty-four (12.9%) of the patients were infected with two or more pathogens. Viral agents detected in the stools were rotaviruses (40.2%), enteric adenoviruses (1.7%), and enteroviruses (1.5%). Enterobacteria were isolated from the stools of 44% of the patients as follows: Salmonella (18.0%), enteropathogenic Escherichia coli (EPEC) (17.5%), enterotoxigenic E. coli (6.7%), Shigella (5.0%), Campylobacter jejuni (2.3%), Vibrio cholerae non-01 (2.3%), Yersinia enterocolitica (1.5%), and Aeromonas hydrophila (0.9%). The incidence of diarrhoea in children showed two seasonal peaks: during March-May and October-November. The present study indicates that Salmonella and EPEC are the major causes of bacterial gastroenteritis, while rotaviruses are the main cause of viral gastroenteritis in young children in Kuwait.

Acute Disease↗
PubMed1985

Some clinical and behavioural aspects of patients with alcohol dependence problems in Kuwait psychiatric hospital.

One hundred patients undergoing treatment for alcohol-related problems in Kuwait's only psychiatric hospital were studied. Eighty-three Kuwaitis and 17 non-Kuwaitis (78 inpatients and 22 outpatients) were compared on two variables, i.e. nationality and drinking category. Kuwaiti patients were more likely to be violent while drunk and to receive benzodiazepine prescriptions while non-Kuwaiti patients were better educated and suffered more alcohol withdrawal seizures. Heavy drinkers were prescribed more benzodiazepines. Light drinkers were involved in more road accidents and were more likely to be prescribed major tranquillizers. The relationship between benzodiazepines use and alcohol withdrawal symptoms is discussed and its implications in patient care in Kuwait are stressed.

Alcohol Drinking↗
PubMedDate not supplied

The pattern of intussusception in Kuwait. A review of 244 cases.

Two-hundred and thirty-three patients with 244 intussusceptions were treated in the Department of Paediatric Surgery, Ibn Sina Hospital, Kuwait, with only one death. Our incidence was around 25 per year. The age for idiopathic intussusception fits that reported in Western countries. Kuwaitis have a lower incidence of intussusception than other nationalities living in Kuwait. Diarrhea seems to precede intussusception in about 19.1% of cases; leading points were found in 8.2%, and recurrences in 4.5% of cases, most of them following barium reduction. Our complications were high, particularly in the operated group. Barium enema has become our first line of management and it has greatly reduced complications and shortened hospitalization times. Those who present early and late are more prone to operative treatment.

Barium Sulfate↗
PubMed1988

The changing pattern of mortality in Kuwait.

There have been significant changes in Kuwait's mortality causes between 1969 and 1985: the chronic conditions doubled in percentage while the infectious diseases percentage decreased by two-thirds. Since 1975 the percentage of deaths caused by chronic conditions has exceeded that caused by infectious diseases. These patterns are attributed to changing life styles that have led to improvements in the quality of life in the country. In the Kuwait of the future, many more people will be in the older age categories, which will increase the number of residents who are particularly vulnerable to such degenerative diseases as cardiovascular conditions and malignant neoplasms.

Chronic Disease↗
PubMed1985

Women of polygamous marriages in an inpatient psychiatric service in Kuwait.

The practice of polygamy, although varying from culture to culture, is widespread in many areas of the world. In Kuwait, for example, 8 to 12.5% of all marriages contracted are polygamous. Although sociologists and anthropologists, as well as common sense, have suggested that a polygamous marriage may have a negative effect on the wives involved, an extensive literature search failed to uncover any psychiatric research that attempts to examine this situation or objectively delineates possible psychiatric sequelae. The present study was a pilot effort to determine whether Kuwaiti wives of polygamous marriages were disproportionately represented in the inpatient psychiatric as opposed to the general population. A second purpose was to determine the extent of the relationship between psychiatric disorder and marital situation. Preliminary data indicated that the percentage of wives of polygamous marriages was significantly greater in the inpatient psychiatric population than in the general population of Kuwait, as reflected in the 1975 census. In addition, the results suggested a relationship between the nature of psychiatric disorder and the marital situation. Alternate explanations of the data are advanced, and the need for controlled future studies outlined.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1984

Medical library services in Kuwait: history and future prospects.

Despite immense resources and a growing interest in education and libraries, library development in Kuwait has been restricted by the problems common to all developing countries. These include an overdose of bureaucracy, lack of trained librarians, and little perception of the library's importance in the educational system. Medical librarianship is virtually a new field. The only medical library of any significance in the country is the Faculty of Medicine Library established in 1974 to serve the newly organized Faculty of Medicine of Kuwait University. In recent years, the Faculty of Medicine Library has gone through several reassessments and many changes. It has expanded its collection, begun computerized searching, and recruited several professional librarians. Now semiautonomous from the university's Libraries Department and housed in a new, modern building, the library has the potential to become the main medical library in the Persian Gulf area.

History, 20th Century↗
PubMed1984

An analysis of sickness absence and clinic visits among employees of a company in Kuwait.

A study was conducted to determine the frequency of clinic visits by, and the incidence and duration of sickness absence among employees of a company in Kuwait. The company employs about 2,000 employees who work in various departments located throughout Kuwait, and have varied access to the company clinic which was established in 1978. During the three year period October 1979 to September 1982, the mean frequency of visits to the company clinic among a selected population of 1,000 employees was about 6 visits per employee per year. No significant difference was found in this frequency between the years, or between different months in the year. However, the distance of the place of work from the clinic, and the nature of work appeared to influence the frequency of clinic visits. Looking at sickness absence among a selected population of 1,750 employees, the mean incidence was about 0.55 percent per working day, and the mean duration of sickness absence was about 4 days per employee per year. This mean duration of sickness absence is very low compared to the average of 19 days' absence in Britain in 1978-79, and earlier European averages ranging between 12 and 21 days; and is possibly influenced by the difference between sick leave regulations in these countries.

Absenteeism↗
PubMed1982

Murine typhus in Kuwait in 1978.

Murine typhus occurred in 254 individuals in Kuwait between April and August 1978; 81% of patients were aged between 15 and 44 years, and 63% were male. The highest attack rate occurred among people in the lowest socioeconomic class. The outbreak coincided with a period of high rat and flea density. A study of the first 104 cases suggested that infection was acquired in the home, but a case - control study revealed no significant differences between patients and control subjects in terms of exposure to rats or domestic animals, and other factors. This suggests that murine typhus is hyperendemic rather than epidemic in Kuwait. The disease is being controlled through reduction of both flea and rat populations. Murine typhus may be much more common in many areas than is generally realized, and its status should be re-evaluated regularly in all known and potential foci.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1982

Vesical calculi in children in Kuwait.

Bladder stones, which have almost disappeared from much of the world, still occur frequently in developing countries. Kuwait has become a very wealthy nation over the past 25 years, having previously been among the poorest, and many of its people are adopting a "western" life style in relation to their dietary habits, sanitation and control of the environmental temperature within their houses and public buildings. Over a 2-year period, 34 children presented with bladder urethral stones. Their ages ranged from 8 months to 11 years and two-thirds of them were under 4 years. There were 31 males and 3 females. Twenty-six of the 34 patients were from nomadic families living in the rural periphery of Kuwait, although such families represent less than 12% of the total population of the country. The aetiology of bladder stones is complex and no single factor accounts for all, but we found evidence that lifestyle, environment, diet and the incidence of gastroenteritis all can play a part in the formation of stones within the urinary tract. In contrast to other published series, we found considerable evidence for the formation of the stones within the kidneys, with later enlargement in the bladder. Also, in contrast to other series, we found that urate, as opposed to oxylate, is the predominant substance that we suggest crystallizes out onto a mucopolysaccharide matrix in highly concentrated urine when rates of excretion of ammonia and calcium are high and the urinary phosphate buffer is low. Such conditions readily occur in malnourished, dehydrated infants with gastroenteritis.

Child↗
PubMed1995

Seasonal prevalence of Onchocerca-like microfilaria in camels in Kuwait.

Infection of the camel (Camelus dromedarius) with Onchocerca-like microfilaria is recorded for the first time in Kuwait. Throughout a period of 14 months, the blood of 284 camels were examined, of these 32 (11%) were found infected with the microfilaria. Infections were recorded in all months except during summer, July to September, and in February. The highest monthly incidence (27%) was detected in June at the end of spring. It is suggested that harsh environmental conditions in Kuwait during summer either arrest development of microfilariae or influence their diurnal distribution in tissues of the camel.

Animals↗