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Results for “LIGAMENTS, ARTICULAR”

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At least 253 records · Page 14Linked to original sources
PubMed1976

Effect of yttrium 90 on experimental allergic arthritis in rabbits.

Seventeen rabbits were immunized with complete Freund's adjuvant and bovine serum albumin by the method of Dumonde and Glynn (1962), as modified by Cooke and Jasin (1972). Fifteen weeks after allergic arthritis developed in the knee joint, 8 animals were given an injection of 20 muCi yttrium 90 (90Y) into the left joint cavity; 7 were injected with 400 muCi. The animals were sacrificed at 2, 4, 8, 12, and 16 weeks and at 6 and 12 months after the injection. The right knee joint served as control for assessment of untreated allergic arthritis. Morphological control of the severity of the arthritis was provided by sacrificing 2 uninjected animals 13 weeks after immunization.

Animals↗
PubMed1975

The fascicles of the lateral meniscus: an anatomic-arthrographic correlation.

A model of the normal anatomy of the capsular attachments of the posterior horn of the lateral meniscus is developed based upon anatomic dissections. The term "fascicles" is applied to the delicate bands of connective tissue which join the posterior lateral meniscus to the joint capsule around the popliteal synovial sheath. The normal anatomic arrangement is illustrated with double contrast arthrograms. Abnormalities of the posterior horn of the lateral meniscus are then demonstrated, emphasizing disturbances of attachment around the popliteal sheath.

Cartilage, Articular↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Anatomic and biomechanical study of the lateral collateral and popliteofibular ligaments.

The position of the fibula around the proximal tibia varies in different people; it was therefore hypothesized that this variation would affect the orientation of the lateral collateral ligament and the popliteofibular ligament complex. This hypothesis was studied in 10 cadaveric knees by measuring the orientation and length changes in these structures as the knee was flexed. The data were correlated with tibiofibular joint position. The strength of the ligaments was also tested. There were significant correlations between fibular head position and ligament orientation with the knee extended. The lateral collateral ligament slackened significantly with knee flexion, whereas the popliteofibular ligament complex did not. The structures became significantly steeper in the sagittal plane as the knee was flexed. The lateral collateral ligament passed through vertical at 70 degrees of knee flexion and was thus poorly oriented to withstand tibial external rotation. The lateral collateral and popliteofibular ligaments had tensile strengths of 309 and 186 N, respectively. The popliteofibular ligament is dominant when the knee is flexed, because of the slackening of the lateral collateral ligament, and so it should always be reconstructed. The anatomic variation causes some knees to have better ligament orientations to withstand posterolateral tibial displacements and, conversely, other knees may be inherently more difficult to stabilize by reconstruction.

Aged↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Anterolateral rotatory instability of the knee. An analysis of the Ellison procedure.

In an attempt to correct anterolateral rotatory instability of the knee, 30 consecutive patients underwent a surgical procedure similar to that described by Ellison (Ellison AE: A modified procedure for the extra-articular replacement of the anterior cruciate ligament. American Orthopaedic Society for Sports Medicine Symposium, New Orleans, LA, July 15, 1975), called the iliotibial band transfer. Fashioning the passageway for the transfer closer to the attachment of the fibular collateral ligament on the femur and meticulous fascial closure over the transplant were not found to be crucial to success. Twenty-nine of the 30 patients were injured during athletic activities, and the remaining patient was injured in a motorcycle accident. They often complained of an unstable knee with symptoms of pain and giving way. Twenty-eight patients with a minimum followup of nine months (the average followup was 25 months) were evaluated subjectively by an interview and by objective clinical examination. Subjective results (including asymptomatic return to their previous level of athletic activity) and clinical improvement of anterolateral rotatory instability (based on the flexion-extension-valgus test or the Slocum anterolateral rotatory instability test) were encouraging. Areas of concern were that a small number of patients developed asymptomatic varus instability and a few had relative strength deficits which may or may not have long-term significance.

Accidents, Traffic↗
PubMed1998

Detection of ankle effusions: comparison study in cadavers using radiography, sonography, and MR imaging.

OBJECTIVE: The purpose of this study was to compare radiography, sonography, and MR imaging in revealing ankle effusions in cadaveric specimens. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Known quantities of saline solution were instilled in increments into the ankle joints of three cadaveric specimens. Imaging was completed after each injection with the ankle in dorsiflexion, plantar flexion, and a neutral position. Imaging included radiography, sonography, and MR imaging. Three observers who were aware of possible joint fluid evaluated the images by consensus and determined the presence or absence of joint effusion. RESULTS: MR imaging revealed 1 ml of fluid within the anterior recess of the ankle in a neutral position and in plantar flexion and within the posterior recess in dorsiflexion. Sonography revealed 2 ml of fluid within the anterior recess in a neutral position and in plantar flexion. Radiography revealed 5 ml of fluid within the anterior recess in a neutral position. CONCLUSION: MR imaging, sonography, and lateral radiography, in order of decreasing sensitivity, revealed ankle effusion. The power to reveal with each technique is influenced by the precise position of the ankle.

Adipose Tissue↗
PubMed1993

No effect of mop-ending on ligament healing. Rabbit studies of severed collateral knee ligaments.

We have tested the hypothesis that increasing the surface area of cut ligament ends by the creation of "mop-ends" may alter the mechanical properties of healing medial collateral ligaments. In one group of New Zealand white rabbits, a 4-mm midsubstance segment was removed from the right ligament creating a gap (sharp cut-end healing group). In the other group, a similar gap was created but, in addition, cut ligament ends were split longitudinally across the width of the ligament creating "mop-ends", roughly tripling the total injury surface area. In all animals, the contralateral (left) leg was not operated on and served as an internal control. At least 8 animals from each injury model were killed at 3, 6, 14, and 40 weeks post-operatively. Both histological and mechanical tests showed that sharp-cut and mop-end injuries healed at similar rates with similar material.

Animals↗
PubMed2000

Early development of the cruciate ligaments in staged human embryos.

Investigations were carried out on 43 serially sectioned human embryos of developmental stages 18 to 23. The homogeneous interzone of the future knee joint is observed in embryos at stage 18. During stage 19 this interzone is differentiated into dense, intensively stained, peripheral parts, which are the primordia of menisci and the medial portion, in which the cruciate ligaments are formed. All structures of the interior of the knee joint are more clearly delineated during stage 20, and they are well developed during the last embryonic week (stages 21-23).

Anterior Cruciate Ligament↗
PubMed2004

Knee dislocations: management of the multiligament-injured knee.

Knee dislocations can occur in low-energy athletic injuries and in high-velocity motor vehicle trauma. These injuries require urgent recognition for evaluation for neurovascular injury. Advances in surgical reconstruction of multiligament-injured knees have led to more predictable return of function. This article reviews the diagnosis, initial treatment, and definitive management of multiligament-injured knees.

Anterior Cruciate Ligament Injuries↗
PubMed2001

Arthrographic and CT arthrographic findings in dorsal peripheral detachment of the triangular fibrocartilaginous complex.

Arthrography and CT arthrogram were evaluated in the diagnosis of dorsal peripheral detachment of the triangular fibrocartilaginous complex (TFCC) in the wrist. The imaging findings and medical records of 19 patients, who underwent surgical repair of a dorsal peripheral detachment of the TFCC, were retrospectively studied. Diagnoses were based on the results of the arthrography and CT arthrogram as well as on the clinical examination. The arthrographic features assessed included abnormal filling of the tendon sheath of the extensor carpi ulnaris (ECU) and irregular contrast extravasate in the dorsal ulnar and peristyloid region. The findings on arthrography and CT arthrography were correlated with the arthroscopic results. In conclusion, the arthrographic signs seem to be reliable findings in the diagnosis of dorsal detachment of the TFCC.

Adult↗
PubMedDate not supplied

[Which knee ligaments must be reconstructed in anterior and posterior valgus and varus instability? An experimental study].

This study aims to localize the ligamentous lesions in distinct knee joint instabilities. For that reason 41 human cadaver knee joint specimens were tested in a three-dimensional determined apparatus. Ligaments were successively dissected and forces and torques were introduced. Both cruciates are the dominant structures in preventing straight anterior und posterior movement of the tibia. As a supporting element the postero-medial capsule prevents anterior dislocation in ACL-deficient knees. Therefore extraarticular procedures in cruciate instabilities will not be successful. In contrast varus- and valgus instabilities resulted after transsection of a couple of ligaments. Valgus stability decreased after cutting the medial collateral, posterior oblique and both cruciate ligaments. The most important element in preventing straight varus instability was the lateral collateral followed by the posterior cruciate ligament, while the popliteus tendon had only little influence. Therefore in medial and lateral instabilities all supporting structures should be exposed and reconstructed.

Anterior Cruciate Ligament↗
PubMedDate not supplied

[The value of magnetic resonance tomography (MRT) in inflammatory rheumatic diseases].

As compared to other imaging modalities, magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) is characterized by superior soft tissue contrast, multiplanar display, and lack of ionizing radiation and other hazards. Contrast media, including paramagnetic substances, (e.g., gadolinium-DTPA) are useful for further improvement of diagnostic capabilities of MRI. In this paper the results of MRI in rheumatoid arthritis and related disorders, as well as the potentials of its clinical use are discussed.

Bone and Bones↗