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Results for “Life Table Method”

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PubMed2006

[Clinical value of the sixth edition TNM stages analysing prognosis of colorectal cancer].

OBJECTIVES: To study the clinical value analyzing of colorectal cancer prognosis by the Sixth Edition TNM Stages. METHODS: 5481 cases with colorectal cancer and treated by operational methods, were collected. All the cases were separately staged by the Fifth Edition or Sixth Edition TNM Stages standards. The 5-year survival rates were analyzed by the life table method. RESULTS: The 5-year survival rates of the Fifth Edition TNM Stages of I, II, III and IV were 80.1%, 68.0%, 40.5% and 9.8% respectively. The 5-year survival rates of the Sixth Edition TNM Stages of II(A) and II(B) were 71.6% and 66.4% respectively, and of the stages III(A), III(B) and III(C) were 46.2%, 40.1% and 28.3% respectively. There were statistical differences among the sub-stages II and III, P < 0.05. CONCLUSION: The Sixth edition TNM Stages laid more stress on effect of the local infiltration depths and lymphatic metastasis in the prognosis of colorectal cancer, therefore, the stages were more fine, to analyze prognosis of the colorectal cancer were more precise. It is high clinical value for the individual complex treatment with every sub-stages.

Adenocarcinoma↗

PubMed1997

Radical nephrectomy for renal cell carcinoma: long-term results and prognostic factors on a series of 328 cases.

OBJECTIVES: A series of 328 evaluable patients with renal cell carcinoma operated by radical transabdominal nephrectomy with regional lymphadenectomy was reviewed to assess the prognostic significance of various pathologic parameters (pT, N, M, G and venous involvement) and the value of lymphadenectomy and of surgery of venous tumor thrombus. PATIENTS AND METHODS: The complete charts of 328 patients with renal cell carcinoma available to follow-up, who were operated between 1970 and 1993, were reviewed. All patients underwent transabdominal extrafascial nephrosurrenalectomy and in all but 14 metastatic ones a regional retroperitoneal lymphadenectomy was performed. Surgery of venous tumor thrombus was performed in 79 patients. Life expectancy according to pT stage, pN stage, M stage, nuclear grade and venous involvement was calculated by means of the life tables method and differences in survival were evaluated by means of the log rank test. Correlation analysis and multivariate data analysis according to the Cox model were also performed. RESULTS: Overall survival of the 328 patients was 50.70% at 5 years, 35.10% at 10 years and 29% at 15 years. At multivariate data analysis the most important prognostic factors is the presence of metastases (8% survival at 5 years and no patient surviving more than 7 years after surgery), tumor grade was the second prognostic factor and statistically significant differences were also found at life tables analysis among G1, G2 and G3 tumors. Local tumor stage was the third leading prognostic factor at multivariate data analysis and statistically significant differences were also found at life tables analysis. Nodal and venous involvement had only minor importance at multivariate data analysis although statistically significant differences were found at life tables analysis between the pN+ and the pN0 patients, also in the absence of venous involvement and distant metastases. Anyway survival of the pN + M0V0 patients was satisfactorily high (53.20% at 5 years, 39.10% at 10 years and 16% at 15 and 20 years). In patients with venous involvement no differences in survival were observed depending on the level reached by the tumor thrombus; differences in survival were observed between patients with venous involvement alone (38% surviving at 5 and 10 years) and patients who also had nodal or distant metastases (5.20% at 5 years and 0% at 10 years). CONCLUSIONS: From the review of our series it seems that the most important prognostic factors are synchronous metastases, tumor grading and the completeness of tumor exeresis. In fact, the low impact on survival of nodal involvement by itself is probably due to the completeness of lymphadenectomy. The value of regional lymphadenectomy is sustained by the high long term survival of N + M0V0 patients. Regarding venous involvement, it seems that V+ patients free from nodal and distant metastases may benefit from radical surgery, which on the contrary has only minimal impact on survival of V+M+/N+ patients.

Carcinoma, Renal Cell↗

PubMed1998

[Risk of developing and dying from cancer in Catalonia, Spain].

BACKGROUND: Cumulative risk reflects the lifetime probability that a person will develop a disease or will die from a disease. In this paper we estimate the cumulative risk of developing cancer and dying from cancer during the period 1988-1992 in Catalonia (Spain). MATERIAL AND METHODS: Data from the Tarragona Cancer Registry and Catalonia Mortality Registry are used. Cancer incidence from Tarragona is extrapolated to the total Catalan population. Cumulative risk is estimated from cumulative rate and with a life table method, which takes into account competing risks. The change in risk with age is also studied. RESULTS: Lifetime risk of developing cancer in Catalonia is 38.9% for men and 28.0% for women. Risk of dying from cancer is 26.3% for men and 17.2% for women, that is, a 67.6% and a 61.5% of incident cases, respectively. One in 14 men will develop lung cancer and nearly all of them will die from the disease. One in 14 women will develop breast cancer and 45% of them will die from the disease. CONCLUSION: Cancer is an important health problem in Catalonia because its high impact at the individual level shown by the cumulative risk. More than one in 3 men and one in 4 women are diagnosed of cancer during their lives and, among them, two thirds die because the disease.

Adolescent↗

PubMed2000

Transurethral resection of the prostate among medicare beneficiaries: 1984 to 1997. For the Patient Outcomes Research Team for Prostatic Diseases.

PURPOSE: We examine the epidemiology and associated risks of transurethral resection of the prostate among Medicare beneficiaries for the period 1984 to 1997. MATERIALS AND METHODS: We used hospital claims for transurethral resection of the prostate from a 20% national sample of Medicare beneficiaries for the period 1991 to 1997. Risk of mortality and reoperation were evaluated using life table methods and compared to those for the period 1984 to 1990. We also examined the association between surgical volume and adverse outcomes following resection using unique urologist identifier codes from the 1997 part B Medicare claims. RESULTS: Compared to 1984 to 1990, age adjusted rates of transurethral resection for benign prostatic hyperplasia (BPH) during 1991 to 1997 declined by approximately 50% for white (14.6 to 6.72/1,000) and 40% for black (11.8 to 6.58/1,000) men. Of the men who underwent resection for BPH during the recent period 53% were 75 years old or older but 30-day mortality in men 70 years old or older was significantly lower than that in 1984 to 1990. Since 1987 the 5-year risk for reoperation following transurethral resection for BPH has remained 5%. For resection performed in 1997 we observed no statistically significant association between urologist surgical volume and risks of reoperation or 30-day mortality. CONCLUSIONS: Compared to the peak period of its use in the 1980s, older men are now undergoing transurethral resection of the prostate. Nevertheless, outcomes for men 65 years old or older continue to be good.

Aged↗

PubMed1983

Hyperthermic adjuvant perfusion chemotherapy for Stage I malignant melanoma of the extremity with literature review.

Thirty-nine patients with clinical Stage I malignant melanoma of the extremities were treated with hyperthermic perfusion chemotherapy using melphalan followed by excision or wide re-excision of the area and regional lymph node dissection. Four patients with positive lymph nodes, on histologic examination, were considered pathologic Stage II. Seventy-two patients with clinical Stage I extremity melanomas, who were treated by conventional surgical methods, served as concurrent controls, and were comparable in the distribution of their various pretreatment characteristics. The actuarial survivals for clinical Stage I perfusion patients calculated by the life-table method at 5, 10, and 15 years were 91%, 86%, and 77%, respectively, and disease-free survivals were 85%, 80%, and 80%, respectively. These figures were significantly better than controls. A Breslow depth of invasion of greater than 1.5 mm showed a significant difference in both clinical and pathologic Stage I disease as compared with the controls. Similarly, perfused patients aged less than or equal to 50 years survived significantly better than controls in both clinical and pathologic Stage I disease. The literature has been reviewed.

Chemotherapy, Cancer, Regional Perfusion↗

PubMed1995

Management and prognosis of adenocarcinoma of the appendix.

PURPOSE: Adenocarcinoma of the appendix is a rare neoplasm, and controversies persist regarding management. The purpose of this study was to identify prognostic factors and define management strategies for patients with adenocarcinoma of the appendix. METHODS: A retrospective case series was conducted at three medical school teaching hospitals over a 20-year period from 1972 to 1992. Overall survival was determined by the actuarial life table method. Comparisons of prognostic factors were made using exact nonparametric log-rank tests. RESULTS: Thirteen patients were diagnosed during the study period. Median age was 62 years. There were five males and eight females. The disease was not suspected in any patient preoperatively. Seventy-seven percent of patients had metastatic disease at presentation. Second primary malignancies were found in 15 percent of patients. Thirty-eight percent of female patients had synchronous ovarian lesions. Median survival was 22 months, with an estimated five-year survival of 43 percent (95 percent confidence interval, 22-84 percent). Patients with colonic histology had significantly worse survival than patients with mucinous histology (P = 0.0093). Patients with carcinomatosis had a significantly worse survival than noncarcinomatosis patients (P = 0.0078). Patients who underwent right hemicolectomy had a better prognosis for survival than appendectomy patients, but the difference was not statistically significant. CONCLUSIONS: Carcinoma of the appendix is very difficult to diagnose preoperatively, and most patients are not identified until disease is advanced. Good prognostic factors include mucinous histology and the absence of carcinomatosis. Right hemicolectomy appears to be a reasonable option, although its superiority to appendectomy alone has not been definitively proven. High frequency of ovarian metastases in women suggests a role for bilateral oophorectomy. In addition, a complete work-up of the patient for a synchronous malignancy, especially in the gastrointestinal tract, should be considered.

Adenocarcinoma↗

PubMed2002

A new TNM staging strategy for node-positive (stage III) colon cancer: an analysis of 50,042 patients.

OBJECTIVE: To analyze a large cohort of patients with stage III colon cancer to determine whether subgroup stratification better defines outcome. SUMMARY BACKGROUND DATA: The Tumor (T), Node (N), Metastasis (M) system is based on depth of tumor invasion into the colonic wall, the number of regional lymph nodes involved, and distant metastasis. Traditionally, colon cancer has been designated as stage III based on nodal involvement regardless of the depth (T1-4) of tumor penetration. Treatment decisions have been based on nodal involvement with less emphasis on colonic wall penetration in stage III patients. METHODS: Patients (n = 50,042) with stage III colon cancer reported to the National Cancer Data Base from 1987 through 1993 were analyzed. Observed survival was calculated by actuarial life table methods for three new node-positive subgroups (IIIA: T1/2, N1; IIIB: T3/4, N1; IIIC: any T, N2). The Cox proportional hazards model was used to test the prognostic strength of selected covariates. RESULTS: Three distinct subcategories within a traditional stage III cohort of colonic cancer were identified. Five-year observed survival rates for these three subcategories were 59.8%, IIIA; 42.0%, IIIB; and 27.3%, IIIC. Differences between subgroups were significant ( <.0001). Similar differences were calculated after stratification for treatment. A multivariate proportional hazards model identified the new stage III subgroups, modality of the first course of therapy, patient age, and tumor grade as significant independent prognostic covariates. CONCLUSIONS: The current stage III designation of colon cancer excludes prognostic subgroups stratified for mural penetration (T1-4) or nodal involvement (N1 vs. N2). Analysis of a large data set supports stratification into three subsets, confirming the benefit of adjuvant chemotherapy in each subgroup. This strategy should be used in the reporting and staging of node-positive colon cancers.

Age Factors↗

PubMed1963

COLLECTION AND UTILIZATION OF STATISTICAL DATA FROM PSYCHIATRIC FACILITIES IN THE UNITED STATES OF AMERICA.

This paper describes progress made in developing a national programme for the collection and use of patient data from mental hospitals and related psychiatric facilities in the USA. Examples are provided of the various types of tabulations that may be made to describe the age, sex, diagnostic length of stay and related characteristics of patients receiving services in mental hospitals, of methods of analysing such data to reflect changes that take place in defined segments of the patient population during an interval of time, and of the application of life-table methods to cohorts of patients admitted to such facilities to determine probabilities of retention, release alive and death. The various uses that can be made of such data and of the indices computed from them for epidemiological research and for planning and evaluation of programmes for the control and reduction of disability from mental disorders are also discussed. It is recommended that, where appropriate, community surveys and field studies with the necessary comparison and control groups be conducted to test hypotheses concerning etiology and effectiveness of treatment that arise from the studies of institutional data.

Hospitalization↗

PubMed1998

Analysis of contraceptive failure data in intrauterine device studies. Modern competing risks approach.

The life table method used heretofore in case of intrauterine device (IUD) failure data requires grouping of data into intervals. If the termination times are recorded exactly along with the reason of termination, grouping of data results in some loss of information. Modern competing risks techniques are suggested here for the exact IUD failure data. The uses of cumulative incidence functions, which are essentially the quantity given by Potter's net rate, and cause-specific hazard rates are stressed. Also, this paper focuses on the flaws of life table estimates of net and gross rates, which have been widely used during the past three decades in the analysis of contraceptive failures. The methods suggested in this paper can be used in any other situation where the failure times and reasons of failure are recorded.

Equipment Failure↗

PubMed2004

Popliteal-to-distal bypass for limb salvage.

A retrospective study was carried out to examine the patency and limb salvage rates of popliteal-to-distal bypass and compare the results of diabetic to those of nondiabetic patients and elective versus emergency procedures. From January 1990 to December 2001, 71 popliteal-to-distal bypasses were performed. Indications for surgery were rest pain, tissue loss, and acute ischemia, including extensive post-traumatic tibial lesions. Survival, graft patency, and limb salvage rates were determined according to the life-table method. The log-rank test was used to compare diabetic versus nondiabetic patients, elective versus emergency procedures, and saphenous vein bypass versus PTFE bypass. Postoperative primary patency, secondary patency, and limb salvage rates at 30 days were 88.7%, 91.4%, and 87%, respectively. Postoperative mortality was 2.8%, with one case of acute myocardial ischemia and one multiorgan failure. Life-table analysis showed primary and secondary patency rates of 57% and 61%, respectively, a limb salvage rate of 64%, and survival of 77% at 5 years Log-rank testing showed no statistical difference between diabetic and nondiabetic patients, whereas a statistical difference was observed in elective versus emergency procedures (p < 0.005) and great saphenous vein versus PTFE graf (p < 0.05). These results show that popliteal-to-distal bypass is a safe and effective procedure with good long-term patency and limb salvage rates in selected cases.

Aged↗

PubMed1996

Life expectancy of diabetic patients undergoing vitreous surgery.

BACKGROUND: Patients with advanced diabetic eye disease are commonly in poor general health. In addition to the ocular status, life expectancy is an important factor in the decision whether and how to perform vitreous surgery. The present study investigates mortality and risk factors for survival in diabetic patients following vitrectomy. METHODS: The follow up of 332 consecutive patients who underwent vitrectomy for complications of diabetic retinopathy between 1990 and 1994 was studied retrospectively. Survival and risk factors for survival were analysed using the Kaplan-Meier life table method and for multivariate analysis the Cox proportional hazard model. RESULTS: The 5 year survival rate was 68%. Absence of heart disease was the most important predicting factor for survival. Fifty per cent of the patients with heart disease had died within 3.5 years. Patients without heart disease had a 5 year survival rate of 90%. Other significant, independent risk factors were age and presence of nephropathy. CONCLUSION: In diabetic patients undergoing vitrectomy the presence of heart disease indicates a poor prognosis for survival. This should be taken into consideration for indications and strategies in cases of vitrectomy.

Adult↗

PubMed1994

The durability of different reconstructive techniques for atherosclerotic renal artery disease.

PURPOSE: Among various surgical techniques for renal artery reconstruction (RAR), anatomic aortorenal bypass has been the preferred standard. Yet concern regarding origin of the bypass from a diseased aorta and desire to avoid a major aortic operation in these patients who are often at poor risk has led to increasing use of extraanatomic bypass grafting, particularly hepatorenal and splenorenal bypass. This study was conducted to compare the safety and long-term performance of these different techniques of renal artery reconstruction. METHODS: We reviewed a 15-year (1976 to 1991) experience with 323 surgical RAR performed in 285 patients with atherosclerotic renovascular disease. Long-term patency and survival rates were analyzed by life-table methods. Variables potentially affecting early failure of the RAR and perioperative and late mortality rates were examined by Cox proportional hazards models. RESULTS: Diffuse atherosclerosis characterized the patients' clinical profile. Clinically evident coronary artery disease was present in 54% of patients, and some degree of renal insufficiency was present in 60%. Ninety-five percent of patients had hypertension with poor control of hypertension seen in 50%. Aortic disease necessitated combined aortic grafting and RAR in 43% of the study group. Various techniques of RAR were used as follows: endarterectomy or patch angioplasty, 8.5%; extraanatomic bypass grafting, 37% (hepatorenal, 62; splenorenal, 52; iliorenal, 7); and aortorenal bypass grafting, 54% (native aorta, 34; combined aortic graft and RAR, 140). Early failure of the RAR occurred in 5% of cases, and the operative mortality rate for the entire cohort was 5.6%. Median follow-up duration was 9.4 years. A comparison of early and late patency for the major types of RAR revealed equivalent (p = 0.44) performance of aortorenal and extraanatomic bypass grafting. Perioperative complications occurred more frequently (p < 0.02) in patients undergoing combined operations. The cumulative 5-year survival rate for all patients was 75%. CONCLUSIONS: Because extraanatomic bypass grafting can provide long-term results equivalent to aortorenal bypass grafting, the choice among techniques for RAR in patients with diffuse atherosclerosis should be based on both technical and operative safety considerations, rather than adherence to aortorenal bypass grafting as an inherently superior technique.

Aged↗

PubMed2006

Impact of hysterectomy and bilateral oophorectomy on race-specific rates of corpus, cervical, and ovarian cancers in the United States.

PURPOSE: Population-based cancer incidence rates of the corpus uteri, cervix uteri, and ovaries are underestimated if they fail to remove women not at risk for developing the cancers from the denominator in the race calculation. This study compares incidence rates among selected racial groups for these cancers before and after correction for prevalence of hysterectomy and bilateral oophorectomy. METHODS: The study covers 1998 through 2002 and involves Surveillance, Epidemiology, and End Results Program; Behavior Risk Factor Surveillance System; and National Health Interview Survey data. Prevalence data were obtained by using survey and life-table methods. Four racial groups are considered: whites, blacks, American Indians/Alaska Natives, and Asians/Pacific Islanders. RESULTS: Risk correction significantly increased rates of corpus uterine cancer by 73.1% for whites, 93.0% for blacks, 86.3% for American Indians/Alaska Natives, and 41.0% for Asians/Pacific Islanders. Corresponding percentages among these racial groups for cervical cancer were 37.7%, 60.2%, 45.6%, and 33.0%, and for ovarian cancer, 32.5%, 31.1%, 35.0%, and 23.6%, respectively. Risk correction had large influences on the comparison of rates among racial groups. For example, for uterine corpus cancer, Asians/Pacific Islanders had 32.9% lower rates than whites before correction, but 45.3% lower rates after correction. For cervical cancer, blacks had 27.6% higher rates than whites before correction, but 48.5% higher rates after correction; and for ovarian cancer, Asians/Pacific Islanders had 31.2% lower rates than whites before correction and 35.8% lower rates after correction. CONCLUSIONS: Corrected rates of corpus uteri, cervix uteri, and ovarian cancers have a large, but differential, impact on the racial groups considered.

Adolescent↗

PubMed2001

Brachial-jugular expanded PTFE grafts for dialysis.

The objective of this study was to analyze the long-term outcome of 51 patients with brachial-jugular grafts for dialysis. Age, presence of diabetic nephropathy, complications of the angio-access, and therapeutic methods of treating complications were analyzed. All surgical procedures were performed under local anesthesia in an ambulatory surgical setting. The duration of angio-access was analyzed using the life-table method. Our results showed that brachial-jugular grafts can be performed under local anesthesia and in an ambulatory surgical setting. This procedure can be an alternative to complex intrathoracic procedures, Dacron cuff catheters, or lower limb grafts, in cases of stenosis or occlusion of the subclavian vein.

Adolescent↗

PubMed1996

Histochemistry to detect Helix pomatia lectin binding in breast cancer: methodology makes a difference.

A number of studies have shown that altered cellular glycosylation, as detected by binding of Helix pomatia lectin to paraffin sections, is associated with metastatic disease and consequent poor patient prognosis in breast and other cancers. In a 24-year retrospective study, sections of 373 primary breast cancers were stained for binding of the lectin using two different histochemical techniques: a direct method (using peroxidase-conjugated lectin) and an indirect method (using native, unconjugated lectin). Similar percentages of cases were positive (79%) and negative (21%) for lectin binding with either technique, but there was enormous inconsistency when individual cases were examined. A total of 38/373 (10.2%) cases that were negative by the indirect method were positive by the direct method, and 37/373 (9.9%) cases that were negative by the direct method were positive by the indirect method. Life tables calculated for lectin staining vs nonstaining cases showed a very strong correlation between lectin binding and long-term survival (p < 0.0001) when staining was performed by the indirect method, but only very weak correlation with prognosis (p < 0.03, borderline significance) when the direct technique was employed. SDS-PAGE revealed that there were differences in breast cancer glycoproteins recognized by native lectin and peroxidase-conjugated lectin immobilized on Sepharose 4B affinity beads. Helix pomatia lectin binding appears to be an intriguing and potentially valuable marker of biological behavior in breast cancer. This study emphasizes the importance of selecting an appropriate immunohistochemical technique for its visualization.

Animals↗

PubMed1999

Conditional survival among patients with carcinoma of the lung.

OBJECTIVE: One- and 5-year probabilities of survival or death change once a patient has already survived > or = 1 year after diagnosis. The current paper reports these probabilities for lung cancer patients according to histologic subtype, stage, and age at diagnosis. METHODS: Cumulative observed survival rates were calculated and compared among 95,283 patients with histologically confirmed lung cancer (diagnosed from 1983 to 1992 and followed through 1995) by the life-table method using population-based tumor registries participating in the Surveillance, Epidemiology, and End Results (SEER) Program of the National Cancer Institute. On the basis of the cumulative survival estimates, we derived the probability of death in the next year, conditioned on having already survived to the start of the year (annual hazards), and the probability of survival conditioned on having already survived > or = 1 year (conditional survival). These rates were reported according to histologic subtype, stage, and age groups. RESULTS: At the time of diagnosis, annual hazard rates differ greatly among histologic subtypes. However, by 5 years after diagnosis, the rates become similar. Bronchioloalveolar carcinoma displays the lowest annual hazards and small-cell carcinoma displays the highest annual hazards. Stage-age subcategories within histologic subtypes continue to show large differences in annual hazard rates. Five-year conditional survival probabilities are also reported, providing survival information that is consistent to that obtained from the annual hazards. CONCLUSIONS: One- and 5-year prognosis for lung cancer patients is influenced by years already survived and histology, stage, and age at diagnosis. Annual hazards and conditional survival provides useful and more relevant information than conventional survival estimates for patients and their physicians. These statistics can be directly obtained from cumulative survival estimates and should be more widely reported.

Adenocarcinoma↗

PubMed2005

Informed consent for mammography screening: modelling the risks and benefits for American women.

INTRODUCTION: In order to facilitate informed decision making, women require information on the probabilities of different outcomes with mammography screening. This paper derives these probabilities for a US population and illustrates them visually in a readily understandable format. METHODS: Probabilities of the breast cancer mortality, all cause mortality and further investigation are derived from published data on mortality from breast cancer and published estimates of effectiveness using a life-table method. Probabilities are calculated of surviving to age 75 from age 40 with and without two-yearly mammography screening from age 40 and age 50. Probabilities are also calculated that a woman will be referred for further assessment or biopsy or die from breast cancer despite screening. To avoid being misled, these outcomes are presented in the form of a single decision aid illustrating the outcomes for 1000 women choosing each alternative: mammography screening or no mammography screening. RESULTS: Of 1000 women undergoing two-yearly mammography screening from age 40 an additional four (3.7 per 1000) will reach the age of 75; of the survivors 514 will be referred for further investigation and 138 will undergo biopsy. Of 1000 women screened from age 50 an additional three (3.3 per 1000) will reach age 75; of the survivors 408 will be referred for further investigation and 94 will undergo biopsy. Mammography from age 40 to 49 reduces mortality by 0.4 in 1000. This information is readily presented visually. CONCLUSIONS: It is possible to provide realistic estimates of the effects of mammography screening on mortality in a readily understandable format. Women require this information if they are to make informed choices about mammography screening.

Adult↗

PubMed2000

[Correlation study of the longest diameter of gastric cardia cancer and its prognosis].

OBJECTIVE: Based on the longest diameter of cancer of gastric cardia, to formulate a new way of staging for better assessment of prognosis. METHODS: A total of 1,536 cases of resected carcinoma of the gastric cardia through left thoracic approach was statistically analyzed using STATA 5.0 software. The survival rate was estimated using life table method. The difference in survival rate between groups was evaluated by the log-rank test. The ratio difference between groups was evaluated by chi 2 test. RESULTS: The longest tumor diameter was divided into 6 grades according to its length: grade I, < 2 cm; grade II, 2 cm-< 4 cm; grade III, 4 cm-< 6 cm; grade IV, 6 cm-< 8 cm; grade V, 8 cm-< 11 cm and grade VI, > or = 11 cm. The 5-year survival rate was 61.5% in grade I, 44.4% in grade II, 26.4% in grade III, 20.5% in grade IV, 16.1% in grade V and 5.7% in grade VI, respectively. There was statistically significant difference (P < 0.05) in 5-year survival rate between 2 grades from grade II to grade VI. CONCLUSION: The longest tumor diameter is of prognostic significance in cancer of gastric cardia.

Adult↗