PubMed Health⌕ Search

SEARCH · PubMed Health

Results for “MOUTH DISEASES”

Explore indexed PubMed citations for clinical trials, systematic reviews and public health research. Read source abstracts and follow each citation to its original PubMed record.

Quote a phrase for an exact phrase match. Source license links do not imply unrestricted reuse.

At least 253 records · Page 14Linked to original sources
PubMed1977

[Relationship between the chemical structure and the biological activity of antibodies against the foot-and-mouth disease virus].

Investigated was the effect of various amino agents (stained and phthalic anhydride and sulfopicric acid) on the complement-and antigen-fixing activity of IgG and IgM antibodies isolated from guinea pig sera, the donor animals being hyperimmunzed with type O, strain Polyana, of the foot-and-mouth disease virus, At the moderate modification (75-86 per cent acetylation, and 36-40 per cent 'phthalation') of the primary amino groups the foot-and-mouth disease antibodies retained only half of the conjugation caused greater and complete loss of this activity. IgG and IgM showed almost equal specificity with regard to the antigen that had induced them. The lowered complement-fixing capacity was shown to have no specific effect on the primary relation of the foot-and-mouth disease virus to the antibody. Chemical modifying agents inactivated the specific small, strongly defined complement-fixing zones in the Fc-fragment of the foot-and-mouth disease antibody molecule.

Acetaldehyde↗
PubMed2005

Hand-foot-and-mouth disease in Calicut.

OBJECTIVE: Hand-Foot-and-Mouth Disease (HFMD) is a mild exanthematous illness seen worldwide, affecting mainly children under ten years of age. The causative agents were initially Coxsackie virus type A 16 and related serotypes. The situation changed drastically about thirty years ago with the advent of a new aetiological agent, Enterovirus type 71 (EV 71), which has caused very large outbreaks with severe complications and many deaths. METHODS: The authors report an outbreak of papulovesicular lesions on the skin and oral mucosa compatible with the diagnosis of HFMD in children in and around Calicut in October 2003. Clinical and laboratory study in collaboration with the National Institute of Communicable Diseases, Delhi. Eighty one children with the syndrome were examined and followed up from October 2003 to February 2004, when the outbreak subsided. RESULT: The outbreak was mild and all children recovered within 1 to 2 weeks. CONCLUSION: Acute and convalescent paired serum samples collected from 19 patients were examined at the NICD for IgM antibody against EV 71 by microneutralisation test in cell culture. All the paired samples tested showed significant rise in titre of antibodies, confirming the diagnosis of EV 71 infection in each of them.

Child↗
PubMed2004

Foot-and-mouth disease in camelids: a review.

Foot-and-mouth disease (FMD) in South American camelids, in dromedaries and Bactrians is reviewed. Recent well-executed experimental studies in New World camels indicate that, although the llama and alpaca can be infected with FMD virus (FMDV) by direct contact, they are not very susceptible and do not pose a risk in transmitting FMD to susceptible animal species. They do not become FMDV carriers. Reports on FMD in dromedaries are, however, conflicting. Serological investigations in Africa and the United Arab Emirates (UAE) on thousands of camel sera were negative and experimental infections have been conducted on only a few dromedaries with one serotype and in one country. The design and execution of most of these experiments were poor and therefore the conclusions are questionable. From these investigations, it seems that dromedaries can contract the disease after experimental infection and through close contact with FMD diseased livestock, but do not present a risk in transmitting FMD to susceptible animals. They do not become FMDV carriers. Recent reports from Mongolia describe similar FMD lesions in Bactrian camels. However, so far no samples have tested positive for FMD. To clarify the situation in Bactrians, samples from suspected clinical cases should be tested because other viral vesicular diseases cannot be distinguished from FMD. Thus, further research on the epidemiology of FMD in camelids is necessary. This would include large-scale serological investigations and experimental infections with different FMD serotypes in connection with susceptible contact animals. The Office International des Epizooties (OIE) Code chapter on FMD includes camelids as being susceptible species to FMD, giving the impression that they are similar to cattle, sheep, goats and pigs in their potential involvement in the epidemiology of FMD. This is clearly not the case, and this issue should be re-addressed by the relevant authorities.

Animals↗
PubMed1980

The Northumberland epidemic of foot-and-mouth disease, 1966.

The spread of foot-and-mouth disease during an epidemic in Northumberland in July, August and September 1966 was analysed. Although strong emitters, for example pigs, were not involved, in 18 of the 32 outbreaks spread could be attributed to the airborne route and in another 4, spread by this route was the most likely. Airborne spread was in general between 1 and 8 km but on two occasions as much as 20 km. Other means of spread included movement by animals, people and vehicles and carriage of virus between animals in neighbouring fields. No spread by milk or milk lorries took place. Sheep were involved in 9 farms; on each, lesions older than 48 h were found and it is likely that the sheep were the source of virus for other animals, especially cattle, on the farm and on neighbouring farms. The analysis suggests that control measures such as slaughtering direct contacts, as used in this epidemic, or ring vaccination as well as movement control would be effective in limiting spread.

Animals↗
PubMed2003

The impact of local heterogeneity on alternative control strategies for foot-and-mouth disease.

The 2001 epidemic of foot-and-mouth disease (FMD) in the UK resulted in the death of nearly 10 million livestock at a cost that was estimated to be up to 8 billion pounds. Owing to the controversy surrounding the epidemic, the question of whether or not alternative policies would have resulted in significantly better control of the epidemic remains of great interest. A hexagonal lattice simulation of FMD in Cumbria is used to address the central question of whether or not better use could have been made of expert knowledge of FMD transmission to target pre-emptive culling, by assuming that the premises at greatest risk of becoming infected can be targeted for culling. The 2000 UK census and the epidemiological database collected during the epidemic are used to describe key characteristics of disease transmission, and the model is fit to the epidemic time-series. Under the assumptions of the model, the parameters that best fit the epidemic in Cumbria indicate that a policy based on expert knowledge would have exacerbated the epidemic compared with the policy as implemented. However, targeting more distant, high-risk farms could be more valuable under different epidemic conditions, notably, if risk factors of sufficient magnitude could be identified to aid in prioritizing vaccination or culling of farms at high risk of becoming infected.

Animals↗
PubMed1975

Hand, foot and mouth disease--1973.

Nine cases of hand, foot and mouth disease were found in a small area within a month. The condition is benign, commonest in small children, and the infectivity is low. It is suggested a fuller investigation be considered in 1976.

Child↗
PubMed2003

Foot-and-mouth disease vaccine potency testing: determination and statistical validation of a model using a serological approach.

European foot-and-mouth disease vaccine manufacturers are required to quantify the efficacy of their product in accordance with the European Pharmacopoeia (EP). The method used most often to establish the potency of foot-and-mouth disease vaccines requires viral challenge of vaccinated cattle. Alternative approaches, such as challenge-free serological assessments have many advantages over existing methods and could be used if robust statistical models could be developed that related antibody titres to protection from challenge. Logistic regression analysis of data from two independent research laboratories, representing six of the seven main serotypes of FMD, permitted the parameterisation of these models and indicated that a significant relationship existed between antibody titre and probability of protection. Furthermore, no significant differences were observed in the parameters of logistic models fitted to different strains within the serotypes A, O, and SAT-3, or when strains from serotypes A, O, and Asia-1, or SAT-1 and SAT-3, were combined. However, significant differences in the model parameters did exist between different laboratories. Using these models a bootstrap analysis suggested that for vaccines that induced consistently high titres, as few as six to eight individual animals could be used to establish with confidence the minimum protective doses that would protect 50% of vaccinated animals. We conclude that a serologically evaluated truncated test that eliminates the need to virus challenge cattle is a credible alternative for quantifying vaccine potency.

Algorithms↗
PubMed2005

A review of foot-and-mouth disease with special consideration for the clinical and epidemiological factors relevant to predictive modelling of the disease.

Modelling the epidemiology of foot-and-mouth disease (FMD) has been undertaken since the early 1970s. We review here clinical factors and modelling procedures that have been used in the past, differentiating between those that have proved to be more relevant in controlling FMD epidemics, and those that have showed less significance. During the 2001 UK FMD epidemic, many previously developed FMD models were available for consideration and use. Accurate epidemiological models can become useful tools for determining relevant control policies for different scenarios and, conversely, inaccurate models may become an abuse for disease control. Inaccuracy presents two opposing difficulties. Firstly, too much control (in terms of animal slaughter for 2001) would negatively impact the farming community for many subsequent years, whilst too little control would permit an epidemic to persist. Accuracy however, presents the optimal permutation of control measures that could be implemented for a given set of conditions, and is a prerequisite to boosting public confidence in the use of epidemiological models for future epidemics.

Animals↗
PubMed2006

Quantification of within- and between-pen transmission of Foot-and-Mouth disease virus in pigs.

Quantified transmission parameters of Foot-and-Mouth Disease Virus (FMDV) are needed for epidemic models used for control and surveillance. In this study, we quantified the within- and between-pen transmission of FMDV in groups of pigs by estimating the daily transmission rate beta, i.e. the number of secondary infections caused by one infectious pig during one day, using an SIR (susceptible-infectious-removed) model. Within-pen transmission was studied in four groups of ten pigs in which 5 infected and 5 susceptible pigs had direct contact; between-pen transmission was studied in one group of ten pigs in which 5 infected and 5 susceptible pigs had indirect contact. Daily results of virus isolation of oropharyngeal fluid were used to quantify the transmission rate beta, using Generalised Linear Modelling (GLM) and a maximum likelihood method. In addition, we estimated the expected time to infection of the first pig within a pen T(w) and in the indirect-contact pen T(b). The between-pen transmission rate beta(b) was estimated to be 0.59 (0.083-4.18) per day, which was significantly lower than the within-pen transmission rate beta(w) of 6.14 (3.75-10.06). T(w) was 1.6 h, and T(b) was 16 h. Our results show that the transmission rate is influenced by contact structure between pigs.

Animal Husbandry↗
PubMed1985

Nucleotide and amino acid sequence coding for polypeptides of foot-and-mouth disease virus type A12.

The coding region for the structural and nonstructural polypeptides of the type A12 foot-and-mouth disease virus genome has been identified by nucleotide sequencing of cloned DNA derived from the viral RNA. In addition, 704 nucleotides in the 5' untranslated region between the polycytidylic acid tract and the probable initiation codon of the first translated gene, P16-L, have been sequenced. This region has several potential initiation codons, one of which appears to be a low-frequency alternate initiation site. The coding region encompasses 6,912 nucleotides and ends in a single termination codon, UAA, located 96 nucleotides upstream from a 3'-terminal polyadenylic acid tract. Microsequencing of radiolabeled in vivo and in vitro translation products identified the genome position of the major foot-and-mouth disease virus proteins and the cleavage sites recognized by the putative viral protease and an additional protease(s), probably of cellular origin, to generate primary and functional foot-and-mouth disease virus polypeptides.

Amino Acid Sequence↗
PubMed1977

[Epidemica of hand-foot and mouth disease].

After describing the affections caused by the virus Coxsackie, the characteristics of disease in mouth-hands-feet are looked over reporting the principal epidemic outbreak as well as the isolated forms of exhibition. The illness can be shown in a complete, incomplete or moderate way. This outbreak occurred in Mendoza (Argentina) in 1975-1976: 25 school aged children were controlled and no other relatives of different ages fell ill. No predisposition for either sex. They didn't come from the same school. A sudden eclosion and without general display. In some of them the buccal were absent. All of them had palm and sole lesions and only four of them had buttock lesions. Everybody recovered after a short eruptive period and without any complications.

Argentina↗
PubMed1963

INFLUENCE OF TISSUE CULTURE PASSAGE ON VIRULENCE OF FOOT-AND-MOUTH DISEASE VIRUS FOR MOTHER MICE.

Campbell, Charles H. (Plum Island Animal Disease Laboratory, Greenport, N.Y.). Influence of tissue culture passage on virulence of foot-and-mouth disease virus for mother mice. J. Bacteriol. 86:593-597. 1963.-Foot-and-mouth disease virus serially passaged in bovine cell cultures was more lethal for mother mice than the parent virus from infected steers. In tests with virus from several pools of bovine tongue tissue, only 0 to 20% of the mice died. Serial passage of such virus in primary calf-kidney cell cultures progressively increased the lethality of the virus. By the eighth passage, after which no further appreciable increase was observed, the mortality was 60%. As the lethal capability of this virus population increased, the average time required for it to produce death decreased.

Animals↗
PubMed2002

Effective synthetic peptide vaccine for foot-and-mouth disease in swine.

We have designed a peptide-based vaccine for foot-and-mouth disease (FMD) effective in swine. The peptide immunogen has a G-H loop domain from the VP1 capsid protein of foot-and-mouth disease virus (FMDV) and a novel promiscuous T helper (Th) site for broad immunogenicity in multiple species. The G-H loop VP1 site was optimised for cross-reactivity to FMDV by the inclusion into the peptide of cyclic constraint and adjoining sequences. The incorporation of consensus residues into the hypervariable positions of the VP1 site provided for broad immunogenicity. The vaccine protected 20 out of 21 immunised pigs from infectious challenge by FMDV O1 Taiwan using peptide doses as low as 12.5 microg, and a mild adjuvant that caused no lesions. A safe chemically-defined product would have considerable advantages for vaccination against FMD.

Amino Acid Sequence↗
PubMed2002

Experiences of University of Liverpool veterinary students during the 2001 epidemic of foot-and-mouth disease.

The 2001 epidemic of foot-and-mouth disease disrupted the teaching of practical farm animal work for much of that year. Many students in their clinical years in the Faculty of Veterinary Science at the University of Liverpool, went to help to control the disease, both in place of some normal term-time activities and as part of their extramural studies out of term time. This paper, which is based on a questionnaire survey of the students, describes their experiences, the types of work they did, the skills they acquired and their views on the effects of the epidemic on their studies. The vast majority of students felt they had benefited from their experiences and had contributed to combating the epidemic.

Animals↗
PubMed1977

Antibody estimation by indirect complement fixation test for foot-and-mouth disease in cattle.

Antibody against foot-and-mouth disease (FMD) virus was measured by the indirect complement fixation (ICF) test. For this test serum samples were collected from cattle experimentally infected with FMD virus of O, A and Asia 1 types, as well as cattle infected in the field. Two types of antigen were used. One was antigen derived from infected lingual epithelial culture prepared by Frenkel's method with each type of the virus. The other was antigen derived from the lingual epithelium of cattle infected by virus inoculation. ICF antibody began to be dectected about 4 5 days after inoculation. It reached a maximum titer 10 14 days after inoculation, remaining at this titer for about a week or two, and then decreased gradually. It was, however, detectable even 63 days after inoculation. The rise and fall of ICF antibody was parallel with that of neutralizing antibody, although that antibody was always lower in titer than this. ICF antibody was detected type-specifically from cattle infected experimentally and naturally. These results indicated that the ICF test was available for the routine serological diagnosis and epizootiological investigation and research.

Animals↗
PubMed1993

Application of double sandwich enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay for the diagnosis of foot-and-mouth disease in Saudi Arabia.

Using foot-and-mouth disease (FMD) diagnostic reagents provided by the FMD-World Reference Laboratory, Pirbright (United Kingdom), an indirect sandwich enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) was applied for local diagnosis of FMD in the Kingdom of Saudi Arabia. Testing epithelial tissues and/or vesicular fluids, it was possible to carry out serotyping of FMD virus before its isolation in cell cultures. All the field samples received as well as the oesophageal pharyngeal fluids collected from apparently healthy animals were inoculated onto primary bovine kidney cell cultures and the isolated FMD viruses then serotyped by ELISA. Testing of samples received from 43 outbreaks revealed positive FMD diagnosis in 29 outbreaks (27 caused by serotype "O" and 2 caused by serotype "A" of FMD virus). In addition, ELISA serotyping of 35 carrier strains of FMD virus (isolated from 286 proband samples) revealed 28 serotype "O" and 7 serotype "A" FMD viral isolates. The results are discussed concerning the importance of applying local FMD diagnosis and the current epizootiological status of the disease in Saudi Arabia.

Animals↗