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At least 253 records · Page 14Linked to original sources
PubMed1991

Bacteria associated with tegument of Clinostomum marginatum (Digenea).

Adults of Clinostomum marginatum freshly collected from a heron, Ardea herodias, were examined using transmission electron microscopy. Specimens from the mouth of the bird were encrusted with bacteria that were not removed by washing unless the saline contained antibiotics. There was no evidence that the attached bacteria were damaging to the trematode tegument. Three species of Gram-negative bacteria were isolated from the worm surfaces and identified; Achromobacter sp. was present in pure culture on 4 of 6 original cultures and in mixed culture with Edwardsiella tarda and Enterobacter agglomerans in 2 cultures. These species and 3 unidentified species of bacteria were isolated from the oral epithelium of the heron. Microorganisms were not seen attached to the surfaces of worms recovered from the esophagus. Because E. tarda and E. agglomerans were the only species isolated from the heron esophagus, the intimate bacterial-worm association in the heron mouth may be due specifically to Achromobacter sp.

Alcaligenes↗
PubMed2004

Risk factors for late-onset ventilator-associated pneumonia in trauma patients receiving selective digestive decontamination.

OBJECTIVE: To determine the independent risk factors for late-onset ventilator-associated pneumonia (VAP) in trauma patients receiving selective digestive decontamination (SDD). DESIGN: A 4-year, prospective cohort study of trauma patients meeting the following criteria: injury severity score >15, and duration of mechanical ventilation >5 days. Predictors of late-onset VAP occurrence were assessed by logistic regression analysis. POPULATION: All patients received SDD consisting of polymixin E, gentamicin, and amphotericin B applied in nostrils, mouth, and gut with a 3-day course of parenteral cefazolin. VAP was suspected on clinical and radiological signs, and confirmed by the presence of at least one microorganism at a concentration of at least 10(4) CFU/ml on the broncho-alveolar lavage. MEASUREMENT: Independent risk factors for late-onset VAP. RESULTS: A late-onset VAP was diagnosed in 90 (56%) out of 159 patients. Predicting factors for late-onset VAP were: use of non-depolarizing muscle relaxant agents for intubation [3.4 (CI 1.08-10.73)], duration of intubation [1.06 (CI 1.01-1.17)], length of intensive care unit (ICU) stay [1.05 (CI 1.02-1.09)], and prior tracheal colonization [1.03 (CI 1.02-1.21)]. Exposure to prior antimicrobial treatment, except SDD, conferred protection [0.3 (0.12-0.74)]. CONCLUSION: This study confirms the role of duration of intubation, length of ICU stay, and prior tracheal colonization in the development of late-onset VAP. The results also highlight the importance of the initial management on the development of late-onset VAP. The type of neuromuscular blocking agents to intubate trauma patients should be evaluated in future studies.

Adult↗
PubMed1980

Oral cytologic patterns and nutritional status: some relationships in alcoholic subjects.

Exfoliative cytologic preparations from the cheeks of 790 alcoholic patients were evaluated for relationships between microscopic features and selected indicators of nutritional status. Significant associations were observed between the cell/nucleus ratio, degree of cornification, relative concentrations of leukocytes and microorganisms, and poor dietary patterns, as well as body weight statua and serum albumin and blood hemoglobin levels. Microscopic examination, as an adjunct to gross inspection of the mouth, may be of value in the clinical assessment of nutriture.

Alcoholism↗
PubMed1998

Antimicrobial function of human saliva--how important is it for oral health?

Human saliva contains a number of physical physicochemical, and chemical agents that protect oral tissues against noxious compounds, in particular those produced by various microorganisms. Among such protective factors, the flushing effect of saliva flow is the most important one, not only because it so effectively removes exogenous and endogenous microorganisms and their products into the gut but also because a steady supply of saliva guarantees continuous presence of both non-immune and immune factors in the mouth. A great number of studies with controversial results have been published regarding various individual agents and their possible association to oral health, particularly to dental caries. It appears that no single chemical agent is far more important than the others. For example, patients with selective IgA deficiency have normal levels of non-immune defense factors and often display a compensatory increase in the other immunoglobulin isotypes. The concerted action of all agents in whole saliva, both saliva- and serum-derived, provides a multifunctional protective network that is collapsed only if salivary flow rate is substantially reduced. In this mixture of defense factors, many show additive or even synergistic interactions against oral pathogens. Increased knowledge of the molecular functions of various agents has made it possible to prepare oral hygiene product that include host-derived antimicrobial agents instead of synthetic agents. Although the clinical efficacy of such products is still unsatisfactory and poorly described, new technologies, for example in the production of specific antibodies against oral pathogens, may considerably improve the antimicrobial power of these products.

Anti-Infective Agents↗
PubMed1990

Beware of the dog: meningitis in a splenectomised woman.

Purulent meningitis was diagnosed in a 75-yr-old splenectomised woman nine days after a dog bite. The original wound was apparently uninflamed. The causative microorganism proved to be a dysgonic fermenter 2 (DF-2) bacterium (renamed Capnocythophaga canimorsus). This is a recently recognised Gram-negative bacterium, belonging to the normal canine mouth flora, to which asplenic individuals seem to be particularly susceptible.

Aged↗
PubMed1987

Hemagglutinating activity of lipopolysaccharides from subgingival plaque bacteria.

Lipopolysaccharide (LPS) preparations from the Bacteroides species B. endodontalis, B. intermedius, B. denticola, and B. melaninogenicus and from Fusobacterium nucleatum, Haemophilus actinomycetemcomitans, Capnocytophaga gingivalis, and Eikenella corrodens directly agglutinated erythrocytes of some kinds of animals. LPSs from the Bacteroides species B. gingivalis, B. asaccharolyticus, B. corporis, and B. loescheii and from Capnocytophaga ochracea did not possess any hemagglutinating activity. Pretreatment of LPSs with lipase and phospholipase C completely eliminated the hemagglutinating activity. The hemagglutinating activity was also affected by human serum, saliva, colistin, and polymyxin B but was not affected by sugars, amino acids, EDTA, or proteolytic enzymes. The role of this hemagglutinating activity in colonization by these microorganisms of the periodontal region is discussed.

Dental Plaque↗
PubMed1983

Influence of doxycycline on the normal human flora and colonization of the oral cavity and colon.

Doxycycline was given orally in doses of 100 mg every 24 h for 7 days to 10 subjects. Salivary and faecal specimens were taken up to 16 days for cultivation of aerobic and anaerobic microorganisms and for assay of doxycycline. Doxycycline was detected in both saliva and faeces. Only minor changes were observed regarding the number of aerobic and anaerobic microorganisms in the oral cavity. In the faecal flora a decrease in the number of aerobic microorganisms was observed in most subjects, while only minor changes in the number of anaerobic bacteria were noticed. A marked increase in doxycycline-resistant aerobic and anaerobic bacterial strains was noticed both in the oral cavity and the colon. Only a few patients were colonized with potentially pathogenic microorganisms.

Adult↗
PubMed2005

[Bone collected with a bone collector during dental implant surgery].

BACKGROUND: Simultaneous implantation and augmentation using autogenous bone collected during implant surgery is a well-established procedure in oral implantology. The aims of this study were (1) to identify any bacterial contamination of bone obtained with a bone collector, and (2) to verify the antimicrobial effect of rinsing the bone collector with a 0.1% chlorhexidine solution prior to augmentation. MATERIAL AND METHODS: A total of 39 patients undergoing a simultaneous implantation and augmentation procedure were examined. All patients rinsed their mouths with a 0.1% chlorhexidine solution for 2 min prior to surgery. Bone was collected with the Osseous Coagulum Trap, while saliva was collected with a separate suction tip. Once bone collection was complete a microbiological swab was taken from the bone collector (sample 1); before the bone was taken from it 200 ml of a 0.1% chlorhexidine solution was aspirated into the collector, after which the bone was removed and the collector sieve was (sample 2) sent for microbiological analysis which included aerobic and anaerobic cultivation of microorganisms and their identification and semiquantitative assessment of microbial growth. RESULTS: Before the collector was rinsed with chlorhexidine microbial contamination was found in 34 (82.7%) of the 39 samples, and 37 different microbial species were identified in cultures. When the collector had been rinsed with 200 ml 0.1% chlorhexidine a significantly lower rate of microbial contamination was found: 66.7% of the samples were sterile. CONCLUSIONS: Despite separate suction techniques for bone dust and saliva and preoperative use of a chlorhexidine mouthwash, bacterial contamination of bone obtained from the mouth with a bone collector has to be anticipated. Not only the physiological bacteria of the oral flora, but also the microorganisms frequently associated with implant failure can be found. Rinsing the bone collector with 200 ml of a 0.1% chlorhexidine solution significantly reduces microbial contamination. The effects on bone vitality must be studied before routine rinsing with chlorhexidine can be recommended.

Adult↗
PubMedDate not supplied

[Hafnia alvei in a rare case of severe pneumonia in a postanesthesia recovery unit].

An 85-year-old man with a history of moderate chronic obstructive pulmonary disease in treatment with anticholinergic drugs was admitted to the recovery unit for postoperative monitoring after right inguinal herniorrhaphy surgery and removal of a strangulated intestinal section. On the third day after surgery the patient developed radiographic signs consistent with pneumonia and required mechanical ventilation. Two blood cultures and a respiratory secretion sample grew a microorganism identified as Hafnia alvei. H. alvei is a gram-negative bacillus that colonizes the digestive tract of humans and animals and in immunodepressed patients it can colonize the mouth and pharynx. Isolation of H. alvei is described in the literature on pediatric patients and those with a history of immune deficiency or chronic disease. Infection has a severe impact on general health. We report a rare and interesting case of pneumonia and bacteremia from H. alvei infection acquired by an immunocompetent patient soon after arrival in the postoperative recovery unit. The patient died of the infection.

Aged↗