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PubMed2002

Application of peripheral blood stem cells (PBSC) mobilized by recombinant human granulocyte colony stimulating factor for allogeneic PBSC transplantation and the comparison of allogeneic PBSC transplantation and bone marrow transplantation.

Recombinant human granulocyte colony stimulating factor (rhG-CSF)-mobilized peripheral blood stem cells (PBSC) are now widely used for allogeneic PBSC transplantation (alloPBSCT). Large numbers of hematopoietic progenitor cells mobilized by rhG-CSF would be considered equivalent or better than bone marrow (BM) cells and would be used as an alternative to BM for allogeneic hematopoietic stem cell transplantation. The complications associated with the administration of rhG-CSF and apheresis in PBSC collection in formal donors are well tolerated and usually acceptable in the short term but some hazardous adverse events such as splenic rupture and cardiac arrest are reported although the incidence is very low. Protective means and stopping rules for safe donation in the collection of PBSC are established. The characteristics of PBSC were clarified; the expression of some adhesion molecules such as CD49d on CD34 positive cells of PBSC have been shown to be low compared to BM stem cells. In alloPBSCT compared with allogeneic BM transplantation (alloBMT), the incidence and frequency of graft versus host disease (GVHD) is of concern because high number of T lymphocytes are infused in alloPBSCT. The incidence and severity of acute GVHD are not increased but chronic GVHD is higher in alloPBSCT compared with alloBMT. The outcome of alloPBSCT and BMT are almost equivalent and conclusive results regarding survival are not yet available.

Blood Cells↗
PubMed2006

Characterization and clinical application of human CD34+ stem/progenitor cell populations mobilized into the blood by granulocyte colony-stimulating factor.

A phase I study was performed to determine the safety and tolerability of injecting autologous CD34(+) cells into five patients with liver insufficiency. The study was based on the hypothesis that the CD34(+) cell population in granulocyte colony-stimulating factor (G-CSF)-mobilized blood contains a subpopulation of cells with the potential for regenerating damaged tissue. We separated a candidate CD34(+) stem cell population from the majority of the CD34(+) cells (99%) by adherence to tissue culture plastic. The adherent and nonadherent CD34(+) cells were distinct in morphology, immunophenotype, and gene expression profile. Reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction-based gene expression analysis indicated that the adherent CD34(+) cells had the potential to express determinants consistent with liver, pancreas, heart, muscle, and nerve cell differentiation as well as hematopoiesis. Overall, the characteristics of the adherent CD34(+) cells identify them as a separate putative stem/progenitor cell population. In culture, they produced a population of cells exhibiting diverse morphologies and expressing genes corresponding to multiple tissue types. Encouraged by this evidence that the CD34(+) cell population contains cells with the potential to form hepatocyte-like cells, we gave G-CSF to five patients with liver insufficiency to mobilize their stem cells for collection by leukapheresis. Between 1 x 10(6) and 2 x 10(8) CD34(+) cells were injected into the portal vein (three patients) or hepatic artery (two patients). No complications or specific side effects related to the procedure were observed. Three of the five patients showed improvement in serum bilirubin and four of five in serum albumin. These observations warrant further clinical trials.

Antigens, CD34↗
PubMed2002

Validity and reliability of a dietary assessment method: the application of a digital camera with a mobile phone card attachment.

This study was aimed at evaluation of the validity and reliability of an alternative dietary measurement method that assists epidemiologic studies. We validated a handheld personal digital assistant with camera and mobile phone card, called Wellnavi, in which a 1-d weighed diet record was employed as a reference method. Twenty college students majoring in food and nutrition participated in this study. They were asked to keep a diet record and to take digital photos of all these recorded food at the same time, then send them to the dietitians by the mobile phone card. In the reliability study, other twenty students from the same college were asked to take digital photos of the same meal during a day by two same instruments under the same circumstances and to send these photos to the different dietitians electronically. With respect to validity, median nutrient intakes estimated by the Wellnavi method and the diet record method are comparable. Correlation coefficients between the median nutrient intakes estimated from these two methods ranged from 0.46 for monounsaturated fatty acid to 0.93 for vitamin B12 and copper (median r = 0.77). With respect to reliability, our data show a good agreement between two Wellnavi instruments for most of the nutrients. Correlation coefficients between the nutrient intakes estimated from 2 instruments ranged from 0.55 for vitamin B1 and water-insoluble dietary fiber to 0.92 for vitamin B12 (median r = 0.78). In conclusion, the results indicate this dietary assessment instrument can usefully measure individual dietary intakes for a variety of nutrients in an epidemiologic study.

Cell Phone↗
PubMed2002

[Application of genetic algorithm in optimization of mobile phase composition in high performance liquid chromatography].

Referring to traditional optimal methods, a method for the optimization of isocratic elution mobile phase composition in high performance liquid chromatography has been developed. In this method, the genetic algorithm based on line-crossover and plane-mutation is used. The principle of genetic algorithm and the process of optimization of mobile phase composition in reversed-phase ion-pair high performance liquid chromatography using genetic algorithm are introduced in details. With the concentrations of acetonitrile and ion-pair reagent sodium octane sulfonate chosen as the optimal parameters, the optimum was obtained by three times of optimization procedures. The mean relative error between the predicted and experimental values was 0.75% at the optimum and the optimization results were satisfactory.

Algorithms↗
PubMed2001

[Application of FAM networks in recommendation of mobile phase for RP-HPLC].

AIM: To establish expert system to recommend solvent strength in RP-HPLC by using FAM (fuzzy associate memorizer) networks. METHODS: Symbolic rules reflecting the quantitative relationship among molecular structure, capacity factors and solvent strength in RP-HPLC were extracted from trained radial basis function networks. Then FAM networks consisting of these rules were built to recommend mobile phase strength for RP-HPLC. RESULTS: The validation results of the system by monocomponent and mutilcomponent drug samples were satisfied. CONCLUSION: The mobile phase recommendation system for RP-HPLC analysis of drugs showed reliable performance.

Chromatography, High Pressure Liquid↗
PubMed2000

Mobile information and communication tools in the hospital.

Mobile information and communication systems in clinical routine have the potential to greatly improve communication, facilitate information access, eliminate double documentation, and increase quality of patient care in the long run. Projects to date have focused, for the most part, on highly specialized applications of the mobile computer. In our research project, 'Cooperative Problem Solving in Health Care', we have, among other things, designed a multifunctional mobile information and communication assistant. A prototype version of this system was implemented. This article outlines the close-to-reality evaluation of our prototype in a 1-week simulation study in a Heidelberg University hospital. We describe methods, aims, design and results of the simulation study, as well as discuss our methodology and the results we have obtained. We argue that the diverse requirements of different professional groups cannot be fulfilled by a single multifunctional device and propose, therefore, a 'multi-device mobile computer architecture'. Finally, we present consequences for the future computing infrastructure.

Attitude of Health Personnel↗
PubMed1994

Determination of the tooth mobility change during the orthodontic tooth movement studied by means of Periotest and MIMD (the mechanical impedance measuring device for the periodontal tissue).

Two mechanical devices were selected to attempt to assess any changes in tooth mobility when orthodontic force was applied. A Periotest (PT) for assessing mobility and a mechanical impedance measuring device (MIMD) were the instruments chosen to diagnose the changes in the periodontal condition. The relative mobility of four canines after orthodontic tooth movement manipulation was assessed over a 4-week period. Both devices were able to detect very small changes in tooth mobility and could follow the changes during tooth movement. According to the Periotest unit, the tooth mobility changes were not within the clinically abnormal range, despite the initial retraction load from a sectional arch, applied in a horizontal direction with about 150 gm for each tooth. In all instances, the contiguous maxillary first premolar had been removed 1 to 2 months before force application. The tooth mobility observed in this investigation could be different from that caused by periodontal disease or traumatic injury. Just after orthodontic tooth movement manipulation, the Periotest values (PTV), as measured on the Periotest, of tooth mobility decreased and the resistance as measured by the mechanical impedance measuring device (MIMDM) was increased. Thus, initially, there is a greater resistance to movement with decreased mobility. After the experimental period of 4 weeks, there was an increase in the mobility, as measured by the Periotest and the mechanical resistance decrements were observed. However, the Periotest units showed some different changes occasionally that did not seem to reflect the state of tooth movement. This needs to be investigated further over a longer period of time. On the basis of the results obtained, it does appear that it is feasible to use these devices to determine mobility changes in patients at various stages of orthodontic treatment.

Cuspid↗
PubMed2006

Experimental basis for a stable plasmid, pLS30, to shuttle between Bacillus subtilis species by conjugational transfer.

The use of Bacillus subtilis 168 as the initial host for molecular cloning and subsequent delivery of the engineered DNA to other Bacillus hosts appears attractive, and would lead to an efficient DNA manipulation system. However, methods of delivery to other Bacillus species are limited due to their inability to develop natural competence. An alternative, unexplored conjugational transfer method drew our attention and a B. subtilis native plasmid, pLS30, isolated from B. subtilis (natto) strain IAM1168 was characterized for this aim. The nucleotide sequence (6,610 bp) contained the mob gene and its recognition sequence, oriT, that features pLS30 as a mobile plasmid between Bacillus species on conjugational transfer. Plasmid pLS3001, a chimera with a pBR322-based plasmid prepared in Escherichia coli to confer an antibiotic resistance marker, showed apparent mobilizing activity in the pLS20-mediated conjugational transfer system recently established. The rep gene and associated palT1-like sequence common to all other pLS plasmids previously sequenced indicated that pLS30 is a typical rolling circle replicating (RCR) type plasmid. Due to the significant stability of pLS30 in IAM1168, application of a mobile plasmid would allow quick propagation to Bacillus species.

Bacillus subtilis↗
PubMed1978

External fixation. Classification and indications.

The conclusion from the above clinical and experimental presentation is that stabilization by using external fixation in problematic cases is the method of choice because the risk of infection is better than by using the standard methods of plating and nailing. Using external fixation based on the tubular system of ASIF we can achieve rigid stability. Correct application allows early mobilization ensuring alignment even in bone defects. This method of treatment also facilitates the care of wounds. Our experimental and clinical information provides us with the opportunity to offer a systematic classification of each individual type of external fixation and its merits, as described above in types I, II, and III and its application in different situations. Our clinical experience also shows that external fixation has greatly reduced the risk of amputation in these problematic cases, but it has not solved all the problems associated with the primary injury. The advantage of the three-dimensional external fixation type III can also be seen in the case of arthrodesis of the knee joint. Here there is a better neutralization of the bending moment, than by using type II. Finally we would like to emphasize that the external fixation is not the panacea for every problematic case and each surgeon should be well aware of its methodical and correct application, as abuse of external fixation may lead to secondary complications.

Biomechanical Phenomena↗
PubMed2006

Patterning organic single-crystal transistor arrays.

Field-effect transistors made of organic single crystals are ideal for studying the charge transport characteristics of organic semiconductor materials. Their outstanding device performance, relative to that of transistors made of organic thin films, makes them also attractive candidates for electronic applications such as active matrix displays and sensor arrays. These applications require minimal cross-talk between neighbouring devices. In the case of thin film systems, simple patterning of the active semiconductor layer minimizes cross-talk. But when using organic single crystals, the only approach currently available for creating arrays of separate devices is manual selection and placing of individual crystals-a process prohibitive for producing devices at high density and with reasonable throughput. In contrast, inorganic crystals have been grown in extended arrays, and efficient and large-area fabrication of silicon crystalline islands with high mobilities for electronic applications has been reported. Here we describe a method for effectively fabricating large arrays of single crystals of a wide range of organic semiconductor materials directly onto transistor source-drain electrodes. We find that film domains of octadecyltriethoxysilane microcontact-printed onto either clean Si/SiO(2) surfaces or flexible plastic provide control over the nucleation of vapour-grown organic single crystals. This allows us to fabricate large arrays of high-performance organic single-crystal field-effect transistors with mobilities as high as 2.4 cm(2) V(-1) s(-1) and on/off ratios greater than 10(7), and devices on flexible substrates that retain their performance after significant bending. These results suggest that our fabrication approach constitutes a promising step that might ultimately allow us to utilize high-performance organic single-crystal field-effect transistors for large-area electronics applications.

Journal Article↗
PubMed1998

Detection of designer drugs in human hair by ion mobility spectrometry (IMS).

Since its inception in the early 1970s under the name plasma chromatography, ion mobility spectrometry (IMS) has undergone great changes. It is now utilized more and more in forensic science laboratories where it is used to detect explosives and environmental pollutants [1-4] as well as its use in detecting drugs of abuse [5-8]. Although IMS is known for nearly 30 years now [9], relatively few cases of the application of ion mobility spectrometry to the analysis of human hair have been reported [10-12]. The authors report a new and quick method to rapidly screen and determine MDMA ('ecstasy', 'Adam') and MDEA ('Eve') in human hair. The proposed method using trihexylamine as internal standard resulted in a rapid procedure useful in screening human hair specimens for designer drugs.

3,4-Methylenedioxyamphetamine↗
PubMed1984

Comparison of methods for separating polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons by high-performance thin-layer chromatography.

A comparison is made of different stationary phases (silica gel, cellulose, acetylated cellulose, and 3-aminopropyl-, ethyl-, octyl-, octadecyl-, and diphenylsilanized silica gel), mobile phases, and development techniques (conventional, continuous, and multiple) for the separation of environmentally important polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons by high-performance thin-layer chromatography. Reversed-phase separations using octadecylsilanized silica gel and methanol-water or methanol-water-based ternary solvent systems were found to give the best separations. A new development technique, multiple development with application of the mobile phase further up the plate at each successive development, provided superior resolution of the polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons compared with conventional multiple development.

Cellulose↗
PubMed1989

Direct separation of albendazole sulfoxide enantiomers by liquid chromatography on a chiral column deriving from (S)-N-(3,5-dinitrobenzoyl) tyrosine: application to enantiomeric assays on plasma samples.

The direct enantiomeric resolution of albendazole sulfoxide (SOABZ), an anthelmintic drug belonging to the benzimidazole class, is reported on a chiral stationary phase (CSP) synthesized by covalent binding of (S)-N-(3,5-dinitrobenzoyl)tyrosine-O-(2-propen-1-yl) methyl ester on a gamma-mercaptopropyl-silanized silica gel. A comparison with the resolution achieved on commercially available Pirkle-type CSPs obtained from N-(3,5-dinitrobenzoyl) derivatives of (R)-phenyglycine or (S)-phenylalanine is described. Some structurally related chiral sulfoxides including oxfendazole (SOFBZ) are also studied. Optimization of the mobile phase nature and composition is investigated showing that a hexane-dioxane-ethanol ternary mixture affords an almost baseline resolution (Rs = 1.25); however, in this case, albendazole sulfone (SO2ABZ) is eluted between the two sulfoxide enantiomers; accordingly, a hexane-ethanol mobile phase would be preferred for biological samples containing both metabolites. The influence of temperature on the resolution is depicted with a hexane-ethanol mobile phase. Finally, application to the enantiomeric assays of SOABZ in plasmatic extracts of rat, sheep, bovin, and man after oral administration of albendazole (sulfoxidized to SOABZ and SO2ABZ) is reported. Some distortions in the enantiomeric ratios are evidenced depending on the species.

Albendazole↗
PubMed2005

Wireless technology infrastructures for authentication of patients: PKI that rings.

As the public interest in consumer-driven electronic health care applications rises, so do concerns about the privacy and security of these applications. Achieving a balance between providing the necessary security while promoting user acceptance is a major obstacle in large-scale deployment of applications such as personal health records (PHRs). Robust and reliable forms of authentication are needed for PHRs, as the record will often contain sensitive and protected health information, including the patient's own annotations. Since the health care industry per se is unlikely to succeed at single-handedly developing and deploying a large scale, national authentication infrastructure, it makes sense to leverage existing hardware, software, and networks. This report proposes a new model for authentication of users to health care information applications, leveraging wireless mobile devices. Cell phones are widely distributed, have high user acceptance, and offer advanced security protocols. The authors propose harnessing this technology for the strong authentication of individuals by creating a registration authority and an authentication service, and examine the problems and promise of such a system.

Cell Phone↗
PubMed1999

Knee height as a predictor of recumbent length for individuals with mobility-impaired cerebral palsy.

BACKGROUND: Because accurate measures of recumbent length are essential to assess growth and energy requirements of mobility-impaired individuals with cerebral palsy (CP), a reliable and simple method of estimating recumbent length is required. Prediction of recumbent length from knee height in this population has not yet been investigated. OBJECTIVES: i) To correlate direct measures of recumbent length in mobility-impaired individuals having lower leg extremity cerebral palsy (LECP) involvement with indirect measures of recumbent length calculated using knee-height prediction equations and ii) to determine if knee height is a reliable predictor of recumbent length in this population. METHODS: Subjects (n = 34; 15F, 19M), aged 6 to 30 years, were participants in a six-month nutrition rehabilitation program. All subjects had varying degrees of LECP involvement. Recumbent length to the nearest 0.5 cm was measured by standardised techniques. Knee height was measured to the nearest 0.5 centimetre using sliding callipers. Equations based on normal, healthy individuals with application to mobility-impaired or handicapped individuals were used to predict recumbent length from knee height. RESULTS: Direct measures of recumbent length of subjects significantly correlated with indirect measures calculated using knee height prediction equations (R = 0.88, p< or =0.0001). In addition, knee height of these subjects was a reliable predictor of recumbent length (R2 = 0.78, p<0.0001). CONCLUSIONS: Results suggest that knee height may be a reliable predictor for recumbent length in this population.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1994

Trypanosoma cruzi: effects of infection on receptor-mediated chronotropy and Ca2+ mobilization in rat cardiac myocytes.

Acute Trypanosoma cruzi infection is commonly associated with disorders of impulse conduction and muscle contraction in heart. In order to determine the extent to which receptor function changed in response to infection, infected neonatal rat cardiac myocytes in culture were compared with matched controls with regard to chronotropic response and Ca2+ mobilization following the application of adrenergic agonists. At 7-9 days in culture (5-7 days postinfection), spontaneous beat rates of control myocytes were four times as rapid as those in infected cells. Control cells responded to 10(-5) M isoproterenol (ISO) and 10(-6) M norepinephrine (NE) with increases in beat rate of 34 and 40%, respectively. Effects of ISO on infected cells were similar, and adenylate cyclase activity was similar in control and infected cells when measured in the presence of ISO alone or in combination with Gpp(NH)p. NE produced a more marked chronotropic response in infected cultures and altered Ca2+ mobilization. NE treatment increased Ca2+ levels in control cardiac myocytes from 51.8 +/- 4.4 to 113 +/- 16 nM (in 0 Ca2+ medium) and from 85.2 +/- 6.8 to 131.3 +/- 24.5 nM (1 mM external Ca2+). In infected cardiac myocytes, NE increased Ca2+ from 116.8 +/- 17 to 164.7 +/- 9.6 nM (in 0 Ca2+ medium) and from 132.2 +/- 13.2 to 162.5 +/- 0.3 nM (1 mM Ca2+ medium). Thus, basal and alpha-adrenergic-stimulated Ca2+ levels were higher in infected than uninfected myocytes regardless of the extracellular Ca2+ levels, although the fractional increase in infected myocytes was significantly lower than that in controls (1.4- and 1.2-fold vs 2.2- and 1.5-fold). Therefore, both chronotropic and Ca(2+)-mobilization responses to the alpha-adrenergic agonist NE are altered in T. cruzi-infected cardiac myocytes; the chronotropic response of similarly infected cells to the beta-adrenergic agonist ISO was not affected. These data indicating that T. cruzi infection may be associated with a dissociation in responses to these agonists suggest a possible mechanism to explain, in part, the cardiac dysfunction characteristic of Chagas' disease.

Animals↗
PubMed1996

Nitric oxide-induced mobilization of intracellular calcium via the cyclic ADP-ribose signaling pathway.

Cyclic adenosine diphosphate ribose (cADPR) is a potent endogenous calcium-mobilizing agent synthesized from beta-NAD+ by ADP-ribosyl cyclases in sea urchin eggs and in several mammalian cells (Galione, A., and White, A. (1994) Trends Cell Biol. 4, 431 436). Pharmacological studies suggest that cADPR is an endogenous modulator of Ca2+-induced Ca2+ release mediated by ryanodine-sensitive Ca2+ release channels. An unresolved question is whether cADPR can act as a Ca2+-mobilizing intracellular messenger. We show that exogenous application of nitric oxide (NO) mobilizes Ca2+ from intracellular stores in intact sea urchin eggs and that it releases Ca2+ and elevates cADPR levels in egg homogenates. 8-Amino-cADPR, a selective competitive antagonist of cADPR-mediated Ca2+ release, and nicotinamide, an inhibitor of ADP-ribosyl cyclase, inhibit the Ca2+-mobilizing actions of NO, while, heparin, a competitive antagonist of the inositol 1,4,5-trisphosphate receptor, did not affect NO-induced Ca2+ release. Since the Ca2+-mobilizing effects of NO can be mimicked by cGMP, are inhibited by the cGMP-dependent-protein kinase inhibitor, Rp-8-pCPT-cGMPS, and in egg homogenates show a requirement for the guanylyl cyclase substrate, GTP, we suggest a novel action of NO in mobilizing intracellular calcium from microsomal stores via a signaling pathway involving cGMP and cADPR. These results suggest that cADPR has the capacity to act as a Ca2+-mobilizing intracellular messenger.

ADP-ribosyl Cyclase↗