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At least 253 records · Page 14Linked to original sources
PubMed1995

Lead intoxication caused by skeletal disease.

BACKGROUND: Inorganic lead is accumulated in the skeleton, which harbors more than 90% of the body burden of lead. If rapidly mobilized, this pool may constitute a health risk. However, clear evidence of this theory has been lacking. HISTORY: A previously healthy 36-year-old Swedish man with more than 10 years of work-related lead exposure developed headache, musculoskeletal pain, and paresthesia of both arms. Two months after the cessation of exposure, the lead level in his blood (B-Pb) was 5.5 mumol.l-1, and treatment with chelating agents was started. Shortly after the treatment period, he had an accident causing a fracture of the right collum femoris. The B-Pb was fairly stable around 1.5 mumol.l-1 for about two years after the end of exposure (95th percentile 0.6 mumol.l-1 for occupationally unexposed Swedish men). The examination showed that the patient had high skeletal turnover and clearly reduced bone density, as well as signs of tubular dysfunction. He was given the diagnosis idiopathic osteoporosis. His moderately raised bone lead concentration (about 20 micrograms.g wet weight-1; normal level in Sweden 4 micrograms.g-1) can only partly explain the raised B-Pb, remaining for years after the cessation of exposure. Instead, the main explanation is probably the increased skeletal turnover. CONCLUSIONS: A combination of a moderately increased bone lead pool and skeletal disease seems to increase the risk for lead poisoning.

Adult↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Soft tissue thin-plate spline analysis of pre-pubertal Korean and European-Americans with untreated Angle's Class III malocclusions.

The purpose of this study was to assess soft tissue facial matrices in subjects of diverse ethnic origins with underlying dentoskeletal malocclusions. Pre-treatment lateral cephalographs of 71 Korean and 70 European-American children aged between 5 and 11 years with Angle's Class III malocclusions were traced, and 12 homologous, soft tissue landmarks digitized. Comparing mean Korean and European-American Class III soft tissue profiles, Procrustes analysis established statistical difference (P < 0.001) between the configurations, and this difference was also true at all seven age groups tested (P < 0.001). Comparing the overall European-American and Korean transformation, thin-plate spline analysis indicated that both affine and non-affine transformations contribute towards the total spline (deformation) of the averaged Class III soft tissue configurations. For non-affine transformations, partial warp (PW) 8 had the highest magnitude, indicating large-scale deformations visualized as labio-mental protrusion, predominantly. In addition, PW9, PW4, and PW5 also had high magnitudes, demonstrating labio-mental vertical compression and antero-posterior compression of the lower labio-mental soft tissues. Thus, Korean children with Class III malocclusions demonstrate antero-posterior and vertical deformations of the labio-mental soft tissue complex with respect to their European-American counterparts. Morphological heterogeneity of the soft tissue integument in subjects of diverse ethnic origin may obscure the underlying skeletal morphology, but the soft tissue integument appears to have minimal ontogenetic association with Class III malocclusions.

Cephalometry↗
PubMed2001

Viscoelastic properties and flexibility of the human muscle-tendon unit in benign joint hypermobility syndrome.

OBJECTIVE: To examine the passive energy absorption of the hamstring muscle-tendon unit in 9 women with benign joint hypermobility syndrome (BJHS) and 9 age and sex matched controls. METHODS: Resistance to stretch was measured as knee flexion moment (N.m) with an isokinetic dynamometer during passive knee extension. The angle that induced a stretch sensation without pain was the maximal stretch angle. Force, angle, angular velocity (0.09 rad/s), and electromyograph were simultaneously and continuously recorded during the stretch. Hamstring cross sectional area was obtained with magnetic resonance imaging. RESULTS: Forearm skin extensibility was greater for BJHS (3.6+/-0.5 cm) than for controls (1.3+/-0.2 cm) (p < 0.01). Similarly, the Beighton score was greater for BJHS (6.6+/-0.8) than for controls (0.4+/-0.2) (p < 0.001). Maximal stretch angle was greater for BJHS (delta1.35+/-0.07 rad) compared to controls (delta0.98+/-0.05 rad) (p < 0.001), and the corresponding peak moment was also greater for BJHS (1.3+/-0.4 Nm/cm2) than for controls (0.6+/-0.1 Nm/cm2) (p < 0.01). For a given mutual angle the passive energy absorption was the same for both groups, but at the maximal stretch angle the total area-normalized energy was greater for BJHS (0.36+/-0.04 J/cm2) than for controls (0.18+/-0.28 J/cm2) (p < 0.001). CONCLUSION: The lack of difference in passive energy absorption for a given mutual stretch angle suggests that passive properties of the muscle-tendon unit of BJHS are similar to those of controls. However, the greater maximal stretch angle and corresponding peak moment in BJHS suggests a greater subjective tolerance to passive stretch. That is, increased flexibility in BJHS is not a function of altered passive properties of the muscle-tendon complex. It remains unknown if the enhanced tolerance to passive tension plays a role in the development of musculoskeletal ailment.

Adult↗
PubMed1999

Coping with Stress: Neuroendocrine Reactions and Implications for Health.

A new stress model, the Allostatic Load Model, refers to the ability to achieve stability through change. The various biological functions activated during stress serve an important role in the organism's adaptation to the environment by protecting and restoring the body but may, under certain conditions, also have health damaging consequences. Two different psychoneuroendocrine stress systems are of particular interest: (1) the sympathetic adrenal medullary (SAM) and (2) the hypothalamic pituitary adrenocortical (HPA) systems. Sustained activation of the SAM system with overexposure to epinephrine (adrenaline) and norepinephrine (noradrenaline) is considered to contribute to the development of cardiovascular disease (CVD). Chronic stress exposure influencing the HPA-axis is associated with metabolic changes which also increase the risk of CVD but, in addition, also contribute to impaired immune function, diabetes, depressive symptoms and cognitive disturbances. The present paper is focused on the possible biological pathways between environmental stress and somatic illness, including the role of environmental stress for the development of musculoskeletal disorders. It is concluded that the SAM and the HPA systems play an important role in linking environmental stress to various negative health outcomes and that knowledge about these psychobiological pathways is of considerable importance for the possibilities to prevent and treat environmentally induced ill health.

Journal Article↗
PubMed2003

A comprehensive work injury prevention program with clerical and office workers: phase I.

The risk for the development of musculoskeletal disorders and associated conditions in clerical and office workers is well documented. The majority of work injury prevention programs for this population were single-faceted (education, workstation redesign, or task modification) and yielded both positive and negative findings. This pilot study was conducted with 16 full-time clerical and office workers at a small private college. In a randomized control trial, the intervention group received four hours of individualized training through a multi-faceted injury prevention program. Between group differences in musculoskeletal symptom frequency and intensity and perceived stress and energy levels existed, although were statistically insignificant. There was a statistically significant decrease in Lower Back ache/pain from pre to post measures for the intervention group.

Accidents, Occupational↗
PubMedDate not supplied

[Industrial processing of wool: biomechanics and ergonomic aspects].

Workers in a wool processing industry were analyzed for risk factors in development of musculoskeletal disorders from specific repetitive movements that they executed, in all phases of the preparation of wool products ("tintoria", "mescolanza", "finitura", "filatura", "riroccatura", "ritorcitura", "confezionamento"). The evaluation revealed nonergonomic work situations, due to both repetitive movements of the upper extremities as well as prolonged asymmetrical postures of the trunk while moving loads; both of these problems were due to suboptimal interface between the anthropomorphic characteristics of the operators and the technical movements required at the machines. The risk analysis was performed both for cumulative trauma disorders as well as for low back pain, based on formulas in the exisiting literature. Ergonomic interventions were implemented and evaluated for the most stressful situations.

Animals↗
PubMed1980

The influence of U.S. Army Basic Initial Entry Training on the muscular strength of men and women.

The influence of U.S. Army Basic Initial Entry Training on the maximum voluntary isometric strength (MVIS) and anthropometric parameters of men and women was investigated. Significant increases in weight and lean body mass (LBM) and decreases in percent body fat were found for both sexes during training. Significant increases in the MVIS of the upper torso (UT), leg extensors (LE), and trunk extensors (TE) were also found for both sexes. Females and males improved about the same amount on the LE (12.4% and 9.7%, respectively) but females improved significantly more than males on the UT (9.3% and 4.2%, respectively) and TE (15.9% and 8.1%, respectively). The greater gains in the females were presumably due to their lower initial strength levels and the consequently greater relative training stimulus. When strength was expressed relative to LBM, both sexes were able to exert similar amounts of strength on the LE and TE, suggesting that differences in strength between the sexes may primarily be a function of muscle mass.

Adolescent↗
PubMedDate not supplied

[The effect of an invasion by Trichinella spiralis and Trichinella pseudospiralis on the ultrastructure of skeletal muscle tissue in the white mouse].

The ultrastructure of striated muscular tissue was studied in experiments with three groups of white mice: those infected with T. spiralis, T. pseudospiralis, and in those uninfected (controls). There was a heterogeneity of changes in the striated muscular tissue during 35-day infection. Deep damages to the contractile, trophic, energetic, supporting, and membranous apparatuses of muscle fibers are responsible for subcellular structural changes. At the same time compensatory and adaptative processes that reflect the hyperfunction of musculoskeletal tissue develop. Generally, T. spiralis causes focal ultrastructural changes while T. pseudospiralis induces diffuse ones.

Animals↗
PubMed1997

Severe musculoskeletal symptoms during continuous infusion of bumetanide.

BACKGROUND: The continuous infusion of the loop diuretic, bumetanide, has been shown to be effective in the treatment of severe refractory edema. Musculoskeletal symptoms have been reported with bumetanide following both oral and intermittent i.v. bolus therapy. It has been suggested that these adverse effects do not occur with continuous infusion. We describe, however, a series of patients with heart failure who developed severe disabling musculoskeletal symptoms during the continuous infusion of humetanide. OBJECTIVE: To evaluate the characteristics of bumetanide-induced musculoskeletal symptoms during continuous i.v. infusion in patients with severe heart failure. METHODS: Heart failure patients receiving continuous infusions of bumetanide were monitored for the development of musculoskeletal symptoms. For patients who experienced the adverse reaction, data were collected on demographics, medical diagnoses, concurrent medications, the diuretic regimen, symptoms, time course of the reaction, laboratory findings, alternative therapy, and outcomes. RESULTS: Of 34 patients who received continuous infusions of bumetanide, eight patients experienced a total of 11 episodes of severe musculoskeletal symptoms. All patients had severe congestive heart failure and refractory edema. The reaction was most severe at infusion rates of approximately 2 mg/h and was not associated with any specific laboratory abnormality. The symptoms resolved completely after discontinuing the bumetanide therapy. In two of the patients, the adverse reaction was precipitated again during rechallenge with the bumetanide infusion. Patients who were given an equivalent or higher dose of a continuous furosemide infusion, diuresed without experiencing musculoskeletal symptoms. CONCLUSIONS: The continuous i.v. infusion of the loop diuretic, bumetanide, may result in severe, disabling musculoskeletal symptoms. The reaction appears to be dose related, without specific risk factors, and is reversible on discontinuation of the infusion. Patients who experience this reaction may be successfully diuresed with equivalent doses of a furosemide infusion.

Adult↗
PubMed2002

[Development and trial use of multistep diagnosis of musculoskeletal disorders during a routine physical examination at the workplace].

Musculoskeletal disorders represent the main cause for absenteeism. To determine the disorders exactly, a multistep inventory of examinations was developed. The method of diagnostics may be an indicator of the quality of occupational medical management. It may improve the availability of health data related to working conditions and may increase the chances of goal-oriented prevention in the field of working conditions as well as in the field of behavior. In addition, the standardized recording of data provides an opportunity for evaluation in epidemiological studies, which may be organized as longitudinal studies to look for the development of musculoskeletal disorders over time.

Humans↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Primary fibromyalgia syndrome: a critical evaluation of recent criteria developments.

Although nonspecific musculoskeletal aching of nonarticular origin has been described in European literature since the 17th century under such names as muscular rheumatism, the fibrositis syndrome with generalized musculoskeletal aches or stiffness, fatigue, poor sleep, and multiple tender points as a characteristic rheumatologic entity was not described until the 1960s. Smythe first suggested criteria for this condition based on clinical experience in the 1970s. However, the first data-based criteria of "fibrositis" (appropriately called fibromyalgia) was not published until 1981. Since then other criteria have been published, and in 1989 criteria studies on fibromyalgia with appropriate design and controls were reported. This article critically evaluates current criteria developments in fibromyalgia.

Diagnosis, Differential↗
PubMed2005

Genetic analysis of interactions between the somitic muscle, cartilage and tendon cell lineages during mouse development.

Proper formation of the musculoskeletal system requires the coordinated development of the muscle, cartilage and tendon lineages arising from the somitic mesoderm. During early somite development, muscle and cartilage emerge from two distinct compartments, the myotome and sclerotome, in response to signals secreted from surrounding tissues. As the somite matures, the tendon lineage is established within the dorsolateral sclerotome, adjacent to and beneath the myotome. We examine interactions between the three lineages by observing tendon development in mouse mutants with genetically disrupted muscle or cartilage development. Through analysis of embryos carrying null mutations in Myf5 and Myod1, hence lacking both muscle progenitors and differentiated muscle, we identify an essential role for the specified myotome in axial tendon development, and suggest that absence of tendon formation in Myf5/Myod1 mutants results from loss of the myotomal FGF proteins, which depend upon Myf5 and Myod1 for their expression, and are required, in turn, for induction of the tendon progenitor markers. Our analysis of Sox5/Sox6 double mutants, in which the chondroprogenitors are unable to differentiate into cartilage, reveals that the two cell fates arising from the sclerotome, axial tendon and cartilage are alternative lineages, and that cartilage differentiation is required to actively repress tendon development in the dorsolateral sclerotome.

Animals↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Image fusion of computed tomographic and magnetic resonance images for the development of a three-dimensional musculoskeletal model of the equine forelimb.

Biomechanical models that compute the lengths and forces of muscle-tendon units are broadly applicable to the study of factors that promote injury and the planning and effects of orthopedic surgical procedures in equine athletes. A three-dimensional (3D) generic musculoskeletal model of the equine forelimb comprised of bony segment, muscle-tendon, and ligament information, was developed based on high-resolution computed tomographic (CT) and T1-weighted magnetic resonance (MR) images from an isolated forelimb of a Thoroughbred racehorse. Image fusion was achieved through coregistration of CT and MR images with an image analysis program (Analyze) by adjustment of the relative position and orientation of fiducial markers visible in both modalities until the mutual information between the images was maximized. 3D surfaces of the bones and origin/insertion sites, centroid paths and volumes of the muscle-tendon and ligamentous structures were obtained from the multimodal (CT/MR) images using semiautomated and manual segmentation combined with sagittal and transverse color-cryosection anatomic images obtained from three other cadaveric equine forelimbs. Once bony and soft-tissue structures were reconstructed in the same coordinate system, data were imported to a software package for interactive musculoskeletal modeling (SIMM). The combination of integrated CT and MR acquisitions and anatomical images provided an accurate and efficient means of generating a 3D model of the musculoskeletal structures of an average-sized equine adult horse.

Animals↗
PubMed2006

Chronic musculoskeletal pain in chronic fatigue syndrome: recent developments and therapeutic implications.

Patients with chronic fatigue syndrome (CFS) experience chronic musculoskeletal pain which is even more debilitating than fatigue. Scientific research data gathered around the world enables clinicians to understand, at least in part, chronic musculoskeletal pain in CFS patients. Generalized joint hypermobility and benign joint hypermobility syndrome appear to be highly prevalent among CFS sufferers, but they do not seem to be of any clinical importance. On the other hand, pain catastrophizing accounts for a substantial portion of musculoskeletal pain and is a predictor of exercise performance in CFS patients. The evidence concerning pain catastrophizing is supportive of the indirect evidence of a dysfunctional pain processing system in CFS patients with musculoskeletal pain. CFS sufferers respond to incremental exercise with a lengthened and accentuated oxidative stress response, explaining muscle pain, postexertional malaise, and the decrease in pain threshold following graded exercise in CFS patients. Applying the scientific evidence to the manual physiotherapy profession, pacing self-management techniques and pain neurophysiology education are indicated for the treatment of musculoskeletal pain in CFS patients. Studies examining the effectiveness of these strategies for CFS patients are warranted.

Fatigue Syndrome, Chronic↗