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Results for “Neoplastic Processes”

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At least 253 records · Page 14Linked to original sources

PubMed2004

[Difficulties in diagnosing Graves' ophthalmopathy--case report].

PURPOSE: The aim is to present diagnostic difficulties which may occur when diagnosing Graves' ophthalmopathy. MATERIAL AND METHODS: 49-year-old woman, who had been smoking 20 cigarettes a day since she was 21 years old, treated for Graves' disease for 14 years, with the right eyeball protrusion existing for 6 months, dysfunction of eye movements and diplopia, was admitted to the Diabetes and Endocrinology Center in Bydgoszcz. After ophthalmological examination the patient underwent MRI and USG of the orbits which showed a change in the inferior rectus muscle of the right eye which could correspond to orbit tumor. In the Ophthalmology Department of the Medical Academy in Bydgoszcz the opening of the orbit was carried out in order to confirm or to eliminate the neoplastic process. RESULTS: Surgery and control examinations excluded neoplastic process. CONCLUSION: It is very difficult to differentiate between inflammatory infiltration and neoplastic tumor in patients with unilateral protrusion in the course of Graves' ophthalmopathy.

Diagnosis, Differential↗

PubMed1999

Carcinogenicity and mutagenicity of heterocyclic amines in transgenic mouse models.

Double transgenic mice bearing fusion genes consisting of mouse albumin enhancer/promoter-mouse c-myc cDNA and mouse metallothionein1 promoter-human TGFalpha cDNA were generated to investigate the interaction of these genes in hepatic oncogenesis and to provide a general paradigm for characterizing both the interaction of nuclear oncogenes and growth factors in tumorigenesis. In addition, these mice provide an experimental model to test how environmental chemicals might interact with the c-myc and TGFalpha transgenes during the neoplastic process. Treatment of the double transgenic mice with both genotoxic agents such as diethylnitrosamine and 2-amino-3-methylimidazo-[4,5-f]quinoline (IQ) as well as the tumor promoter phenobarbital greatly accelerated the neoplastic process. To investigate the role of mutagenesis in the carcinogenic process, 2-amino-3,8-dimethyl-imidazo[4,5-f]quinoxaline (MeIQx) induced mutagenesis and hepatocarcinogenicity was examined in C57BL/lacZ (Muta Mice) and double transgenic c-myc/lacZ mice that carry the lacZ mutation reporter gene. The MelQx hepatocarcinogenicity was associated with an increase in in vivo mutagenicity as scored by mutations in the lacZ reporter gene. These results suggest that transgenic mouse models may provide important tools for testing both the carcinogenic potential of environmental chemicals and the interaction/cooperation of these compounds with specific genes during the neoplastic process.

Animals↗

PubMed2001

Skeletonizing en bloc esophagectomy for cancer.

OBJECTIVE: To evaluate the long-term outcome of patients with esophageal cancer after resection of the extraesophageal component of the neoplastic process en bloc with the esophageal tube. SUMMARY BACKGROUND DATA: Opinions are conflicting about the addition of extended resection of locoregional lymph nodes and soft tissue to removal of the esophageal tube. METHODS: Esophagectomy performed en bloc with locoregional lymph nodes and resulting in a real skeletonization of the nonresectable anatomical structures adjacent to the esophagus was attempted in 324 patients. The esophagus was removed using a right thoracic (n = 208), transdiaphragmatic (n = 39), or left thoracic (n = 77) approach. Lymphadenectomy was performed in the upper abdomen and lower mediastinum in all patients. It was extended over the upper mediastinum when a right thoracic approach was used and up to the neck in 17 patients. Esophagectomy was carried out flush with the esophageal wall as soon as it became obvious that a macroscopically complete resection was not feasible. Neoplastic processes were classified according to completeness of the resection, depth of wall penetration, and lymph node involvement. RESULTS: Skeletonizing en bloc esophagectomy was feasible in 235 of the 324 patients (73%). The 5-year survival rate, including in-hospital deaths (5%), was 35% (324 patients); it was 64% in the 117 patients with an intramural neoplastic process versus 19% in the 207 patients having neoplastic tissue outside the esophageal wall or surgical margins (P <.0001). The latter 19% represented 12% of the whole series. The 5-year survival rate after skeletonizing en bloc esophagectomy was 49% (235 patients), 49% for squamous cell versus 47% for glandular carcinomas (P =.4599), 64% for patients with an intramural tumor versus 34% for those with extraesophageal neoplastic tissue (P <.0001), and 43% for patients with fewer than five metastatic nodes versus 11% for those with involvement of five or more lymph nodes (P =.0001). CONCLUSIONS: The strategy of attempting skeletonizing en bloc esophagectomy in all patients offers long-term survival to one third of the patients with resectable extraesophageal neoplastic tissues. These patients represent 12% of the patients with esophageal cancer suitable for esophagectomy and 19% of those having neoplastic tissue outside the esophageal wall or surgical margins.

Adenocarcinoma↗

PubMed1981

Studies of neoplastic development in respiratory tract epithelium.

The dynamics of neoplastic development in conducting airways were studied in an animal model using morphologic and tissue culture techniques. Evidence for the regression of many metaplastic-dysplastic lesions, including advanced "preneoplastic" lesions, was provided. This regression of lesions is not synonymous with reversion of the neoplastic process. The number of "carcinogen-altered" cells and the number of cells with neoplastic potential continued to increase as a function of time after carcinogen exposure. With the cell culture methods developed for these studies, it is possible to analyze qualitatively and quantitatively the progression of the neoplastic process as it takes place in vivo and to detect and enumerate the progenitor cells of later-appearing cancers. The investigations also provide strong evidence suggesting that carcinogen-exposed organs contain many more cells with neoplastic potential. This expression may, however, be sharply enhanced when permissive or promoting conditions prevail. The investigations open up new avenues to develop means for detection of preneoplastic cell populations and for therapeutic intervention during early phases of the neoplastic disease process.

9,10-Dimethyl-1,2-benzanthracene↗

PubMed1998

Diffuse marrow disorders in children.

This article describes MR imaging findings in neoplastic processes affecting the marrow of children. Differentiation from non-neoplastic processes, such as edema and hematopoietic marrow is described.

Adolescent↗

PubMed1991

Current state-of-the-art in human cell transformation in culture.

The immortalization and transformation of cultured human cells has far-reaching implications for both cell and cancer biology. Human cell transformation studies will increase our understanding of the mechanisms underlying carcinogenesis and differentiation. The neoplastic process can now be studied in a model human cell culture system. The accompanying biochemical and genetic changes, once identified, will help define the relationship between malignancy and differentiation. The present studies indeed demonstrate that the neoplastic process can now be studied in a human cell model system. Primary human cells treated with various carcinogens became immortalized in culture but were not tumorigenic. Additional exposure to either retroviruses, chemical carcinogenes or X-ŗay irradiation to these cells induced morphological alterations associated with the acquisition of neoplastic properties. These findings demonstrate the malignant transformation of human primary cells in culture by the combined action of either a DNA transforming virus and a retrovirus or a DNA virus and a chemical or X-ray irradiation, and support an multistep process for neoplastic conversion. It has been known that normal human cells in culture are remarkably resistant to experimentally induced tumorigenicity. However, as shown above, normal human cells could now be transformed into tumorigenic cells.

Cell Transformation, Neoplastic↗

PubMed1981

Fibrous histiocytomas of the oral mucosa.

The oral lesions reported in this article fall into the first category of benign fibrous histiocytomas analogous to those which occur on sun-exposed skin surfaces of young objects. The ages of the patients, the histologic features and the history of traumatic episodes, as well as their biologic behaviors on follow-up, are all features compatible with those benign lesions which occur in the skin. According to the information presented in these cases, there is stronger evidence that the lesions of the oral mucosa, like their dermatologic counterparts, are representative of reactive inflammatory processes rather than neoplastic processes. It is of considerable interest that in both cases reported here the patients were children whose lesions developed following significantly severe traumatic episodes. Also of interest is the finding that the lesions healed with no recurrences or complications, even though in one of the cases it was not completely removed. These findings are in agreement with other reports of such lesions which have occurred in the head and neck regions of children and young adults. From the over-all information obtained in the literature review regarding the biologic behavior of benign fibro-histiocytic lesions, the collected data seem to indicate that lesions of the skin and superfacial mucosal surfaces which occur in children and young adults are proliferative, reactive lesions and infection, or irradiation. Systemic, visceral, or deep-seated lesions in the lower extremities appear to be true neoplasms and their prognoses must be considered as guarded.

Child↗

PubMedDate not supplied

Non-Hodgkin's lymphoma of the frontal sinus presenting as osteomyelitis.

OBJECTIVES: The aim of the study was to present a case of non-Hodgkin's lymphoma (NHL) originating in the frontal sinus that presented as osteomyelitis of the frontal bone. METHODS: A review of a single case including radiographic, intraoperative, and pathologic findings was done, followed by a discussion highlighting relevant literature. RESULTS: A 55-year-old man presented with pain and swelling of the forehead with 8 weeks duration. He had a history of chronic rhinosinusitis and underwent endoscopic maxillary antrostomies 4 years prior. A presumptive diagnosis of frontal sinusitis with osteomyelitis was made and prolonged oral antibiotic therapy started. The patient was referred to our center after symptoms and objective findings failed to improve. Computed tomography revealed a destructive process of the frontal bone with near total opacification of the frontal sinuses. An exploratory external frontal sinusotomy was performed revealing an infiltrative soft tissue mass filling most of the frontal sinus. Dehiscence of the posterior table was noted without dural involvement. Pathology of this mass revealed diffuse large B-cell lymphoma of intermediate grade. The patient underwent 6 cycles of chemotherapy with cyclophosphamide, doxorubicin, vincristine, and prednisone; radiotherapy to the frontal bone; and central nervous system prophylaxis via intrathecal methotrexate. Clinically, he fell into the Ann Arbor Stage II EA NHL category because of an isolated axillary lymph node. Now, 18 months after completion of therapy he is without evidence of disease based on serial positron emission tomography and computed tomography scanning. CONCLUSIONS: We describe a case of NHL of the frontal sinus, which presented as osteomyelitis. We highlight important features of this patient's clinical presentation that can help differentiate an inflammatory process from a neoplastic process in the frontal bone. Timely diagnosis is critical, and neoplasms of the frontal sinus can be easily misdiagnosed as inflammatory.

Frontal Sinus↗

PubMed2005

Pain in cancer patients unrelated to the cancer or treatment.

The majority of patients with cancer will experience pain in the course of their disease [Kjaer, M. The therapy of cancer pain and its integration into a comprehensive supportive care strategy. Ann. Oncol. 1997, 8 (3), 15-19; Bruera, E.; Lawlor, P. Cancer pain management. Acta Anaesthesiol. Scand. 1997, 41 (1 of 2), 146-153]. Epidemiological studies [Foley, K.M. The treatment of pain in the patient with cancer. CA Cancer J. Clin. 1986, 36 (4), 194-215; Walley, B.A.; Hagen, N.A. The epidemiology of cancer pain. Pain Dig. 1995, (5) 237-244; Portenoy, R.K. Cancer pain: epidemiology and syndromes. Cancer 1989, 63 (11), 2298-2307] generally categorize the pain as 1) directly caused by the neoplastic process or related phenomena; 2) by treatment; or 3) unrelated to the neoplastic process. In approximately 10% of cancer patients who have pain, the pain is unrelated to the disease or treatment and is most often caused by muscles and connective tissue (Twycross, R. Pain Relief in Advanced Cancer; Churchill Livingstone: New York, 1994; 55-61). An overview of pathophysiological mechanisms of muscle pain is presented, followed by a structured protocol to treat frequently encountered pain of muscular origin. The purpose of this article is to provide to the practicing clinicians easy to apply approaches for the treatment of muscle-related pain.

Humans↗

PubMed1975

Paget's disease of the breast.

Criteria of the morphological diagnosis as well as the histogenesis of the lesions in Paget's disease are presented; the authors claim that the initial lesion occurs in the lactiferous ducts, the skin being secondarily involved. Likewise, the dyskeratotic lesions are considered as secondary to the neoplastic process, either by neoplastic induction or by mobilization and proliferation of cancerous cells from lactiferous ducts. The utility of biopsies in all cases of nipple eczema, and of the histologic investigation of the profound tissues is pointed out. In this way the canalicular starting point in the vicinity of the nipple can be noticed.

Breast↗

PubMed1997

[Content of haptoglobin in blood serum in patients after thoracic surgery for various indications].

Initial results are presented on the usefulness of haptoglobin content monitoring in blood serum of patients after thoracic operations performed for various indications. 57 patients were analysed and divided into 3 groups based on the type of disease. Group 1 consisted of patients operated for malignant neoplasm. Group 2 consisted of patients with inflammatory changes and purulent complications within the thorax. Group 3 consisted of patients operated from other indications. The experimental samples of further 30 operated patients have not been analysed yet due to a delay in shipment of plates from Boehringer. The control group consisted of 31 healthy volunteers. In the experimental groups blood was taken 1 day before and 1, 3, 7, 10 and 14 days after the surgical intervention and in the case of complications-21 and 30 days after surgery. Erythrocyte sedimentation, leucocyte level, serum haptoglobin content, clinical and radiological data were analysed. Haptoglobin content was measured using the radial immunodiffusion method according to Manchini. Results were analysed statistically. The increase in serum haptoglobin content in patients after thoracic surgeries and after purulent complications, shows that haptoglobin is a sensitive acute phase indicator and its monitoring may be useful in evaluating the disease process. In advanced neoplastic processes haptoglobin content is a reflection of the progression of the disease process.

Adult↗

PubMedDate not supplied

GABA content and GAD activity in gastric cancer.

BACKGROUND: Several recent reports have suggested a connection between the GABA-ergic system and neoplastic processes. It has been confirmed that both GABA content and GAD activity, are increased in neoplastic tissues in colon and breast cancer. In the light of the theory of dynamic balance between stimulating and inhibitory amino acids, disturbances in GABA metabolism may be an expression of the cell's defensive response to the neoplastic process. The aim of the present study was to evaluate GABA content and GAD activity in the tissue from gastric cancer and in the macroscopically unchanged wall of the stomach. MATERIAL AND METHODS: GABA content and GAD activity were evaluated in tissue material obtained from 34 patients operated for gastric cancer. GABA and GAD levels were determined in neoplastic tissue and surrounding unchanged tissue by spectrofluorometric method. RESULTS: The investigations revealed that the GABA content and GAD activity were significantly higher in the neoplastic tissue in comparison to the unchanged tissue of the stomach. CONCLUSION: The results obtained, together with reports from the literature, suggest the possibility of introducing GABA-ergic system agonists into adjuvant therapy in gastric cancer.

Adult↗

PubMedDate not supplied

Fine needle aspiration cytology of a dedifferentiated liposarcoma: report of a case with histologic and immunohistochemical follow-up.

BACKGROUND: Dedifferentiation is a histologic progression of a neoplasm from low grade to high grade histology. It occurs in tumors of the retroperitoneum and in those undergoing treatment. This usually occurs in the setting of radiation or chemotherapy or as a spontaneous process over a long period. The features of dedifferentiation can be toward any mesenchymal element of the underlying neoplastic process. CASE: We report the cytologic features of a dedifferentiated liposarcoma arising in a 76-year-old man who had a history of well-differentiated liposarcoma. Papanicolaou- and Diff-Quik-stained smears from a radiologically guided fine needle aspiration biopsy showed a hypercellular sample. The smears showed a mixed population of cells. There were multinucleated, pleomorphic giant cells with abundant cytoplasm, smaller clusters of cells with a high nuclear/cytoplasmic ratio and cells with spindled and elongated nuclear features. The follow-up surgical resection specimen showed a dedifferentiated liposarcoma with strong and diffuse immunoreactivity to vimentin, desmin and CD68 in the large, pleomorphic cells; focal and weak immunoreactivity to smooth muscle actin and S-100 in these cells; and strong and focal immunoreactivity to desmin, smooth muscle actin and muscle-specific actin in the spindle cells. This supports the dedifferentiated components of this tumor to be of fibrohistiocytic and leiomyosarcomatous differentiation. CONCLUSION: Dedifferentiation of a well-differentiated liposarcoma should be entertained in the setting of a mass lesion in the retroperitoneum in patients with prior histories of well-differentiated liposarcoma. The radiologic features of a particular neoplastic process can be very helpful in determining the nature of this process.

Aged↗

PubMed1991

[The association of myasthenia gravis and hairy-cell leukemia].

Myasthenia gravis (MG) and tricholeucemia (TL) produce an important immune alteration favoring the appearance of neoplastic and autoimmune disorders. The case of a 53 years old patient who developed type B TL 5 years after the diagnosis of MG is reported. Upon revision of the literature, 37 cases of association of MG and malignant hemopathies, fundamentally lymphoproliferative were found. In general, MG precedes the appearance of the neoplastic process. The autoimmunity and immunodeficiency characteristic of MG probably constitute the pathogenic mechanism leading to the appearance of the neoplastic process.

Bone Marrow↗

PubMed1991

Free-radical processes in multistage carcinogenesis.

Rodent and human cells in culture, transformed in vitro by radiation or chemicals into malignant cells, afford us the opportunity to probe into early and late events in the neoplastic process at a cellular and molecular level. Transformation can be regarded as an abnormal expression of cellular genes. The initiating agents disrupt the integrity of the genetic apparatus altering DNA in ways that result in the activation of cellular transforming genes (oncogenes) during some stage of the neoplastic process. Events associated with initiation and promotion may overlap to some degree, but in order for them to occur, cellular permissive conditions prevail. Permissive and potentiating factors include free radicals, and thyroid hormone, and inadequate antioxidants. Protective factors which suppress the carcinogenic process include enzymatic and dietary antioxidants. These are constitutive under normal circumstances and can be induced under conditions of oxidative stress produced by a wide range of carcinogens.

Animals↗

PubMed2004

Spontaneous neoplasms of lagomorphs.

Many of the same neoplastic processes reported in companion animal medicine have been documented in lagomorphs. With only a few reports in the literature regarding rabbits and hares, the behavior of many of these tumors cannot be predicted. Further, based on limited current knowledge, the practitioner is left to make decisions for diagnostics and therapeutics in these cases based upon current recommendations for companion animals with adjustments for lagomorph physiology. We hope that this review of lagomorph neoplasia will inform the general practitioner of the occurrence of these tumors, promote further documentation and research of these processes in rabbits, and encourage the practitioner of rabbit medicine along with rabbit owners to consult with veterinary oncologists regarding neoplastic processes in rabbits rather than just giving a guarded prognosis.

Animals↗

PubMed1999

Hypermethylation of tumor suppressor genes in cancer.

Hypermethylation of tumor suppressor genes and other genes functionally important in the neoplastic process is a recently recognized process. This epigenetic process is characterized by loss of function of these genes associated with transcriptional loss in the absence of structural alterations. The growing list of genes inactivated by promoter region hypermethylation provide an opportunity to examine the patterns of inactivation of such genes and provide clues as to the roles these events play in the neoplastic process.

Cell Transformation, Neoplastic↗

PubMed1987

Nuclear medicine techniques in the evaluation of pulmonary neoplasia.

Many noninvasive imaging techniques are available for evaluating patients with pulmonary neoplastic processes. Computed tomography, magnetic resonance imaging, and gallium scintigraphy, while having made major contributions to the noninvasive workup of patients with pulmonary neoplastic processes, are inadequate for purposes of accurate pathologic staging. A more complete understanding of the potential for existing techniques utilizing gallium 67 and thallium 201 along with the development of new radiopharmaceuticals coupled with recent advances in detection equipment will further expand the role of nuclear medicine in the noninvasive assessment of pulmonary neoplasias.

Carcinoma, Bronchogenic↗