Brachial-plexus injuries.
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Accidents, Traffic↗
SEARCH · PubMed Health
Results for “Nerve Compression Syndromes”
Explore indexed PubMed citations for clinical trials, systematic reviews and public health research. Read source abstracts and follow each citation to its original PubMed record.
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Solitary fibrous tumor presenting as a symptomatic intraspinal mass: case report.
OBJECTIVE AND IMPORTANCE: Mesenchymal, nonmeningeal tumors of the central and peripheral nervous systems are rare. Specifically, the solitary fibrous tumor, which occurs in both benign and malignant forms, was first described in the pleura and more recently in a number of sites, including the mediastinum, abdomen, upper respiratory tract, nasopharynx, and orbit. It has not, however, previously been known to involve the spine or to induce cord compression. CLINICAL PRESENTATION: We describe the case of a 33-year-old man who presented with back pain, progressive myelopathy, and lower extremity dysesthesias. Imaging studies demonstrated an intradural extramedullary mass at T7-T8. INTERVENTION: At surgery, the lesion was found to be firm, fibrous, intimately apposed to the T8 sensory nerve root but emanating from neither root nor dura. Histologically, the tumor was composed of spindle cells in a storiform pattern with extensive collagen deposition in the intercellular matrix. Immunohistochemistry showed diffuse positive staining of tumor cells for CD34 antigen but negative staining for S100 and EMA, a profile that is consistent with a histopathological diagnosis of solitary fibrous tumor and that effectively rules out meningioma and nerve sheath tumor. CONCLUSION: This is the first report of an intraspinal solitary fibrous tumor, a rare entity that should be included in the differential diagnosis of intradural extramedullary spinal neoplasms.
Adult↗
[Should carpal tunnel syndrome be operated in the patient older than 75 years?].
Retrospective study on a continuous series of 37 carpal tunnel syndromes by patients older than 75 years. Particular features of this age-group related to median nerve compression syndrome are given. Paresthesia and loss of cutaneous sensitivity were improved by surgical release of the LAAC respectively in 76% and 61% of cases; on the contrary, grip strength was found to be unaffected in the great majority of cases. Three patients were not improved at all: they all complained first of pain, EMG showed signs of denervation in every case and their mean age was higher than that of the entire group. Caution is mandatory with patients presenting with such a triad. In conclusion, even loss of tactile sense could be alleviated by surgical decompression in the very old patient.
Aged↗
Ulnar nerve compression at the wrist. Ulnar tunnel syndrome.
Compression neuropathy of the ulnar nerve at the wrist can be caused by several lesions. The most common cause is a carpal ganglion followed by occupational repeated trauma to the hypothenar area. This process is in contrast to carpal tunnel syndrome in which the majority of the cases are idiopathic in nature with no local cause found except for synovitis of the flexor tendons. The site of the lesion will determine the clinical picture whether it is both motor and sensory abnormalities, only motor paralysis or only sensory abnormality. The latter is rare. If the abnormality is purely motor, then the compression is distal in the ulnar tunnel and the hypothenar muscles are usually spared. Carpal ganglia must be sought and removed. After an extensive search through the literature, I found only one report in which thickening of the volar carpal ligament was found to be the cause of ulnar nerve compression. I encourage the use of the term "ulnar tunnel syndrome" to discuss these lesions and the classification outlined by Shea to determine the site of the lesion. Patients with type 2 syndrome usually present late because of the lack of sensory changes. Average delay in obtaining a diagnosis of 5 months was found in my patients. The condition should be suspected if spontaneous clumsiness or awkwardness of the use of the hand occurs in a middle-aged patient.
Humans↗
Compression of the C-2 root by a rare anomalous ectatic vertebral artery. Case report.
The authors report a symptomatic congenitally anomalous ectatic vertebral artery not passing through the transverse foramen of the atlas (C-1), but instead piercing the dura mater below the posterior arch of the C-1 in the atlantoaxial (C1-2) interlaminar space. This occurrence is exceptionally rare, but in this case it was uniquely associated with occipital neuralgia due to vascular compression of the C-2 root. Microvascular decompression was curative. Neuroradiological and surgical findings are presented and their implications discussed.
Aged↗
Internal neurolysis in traumatic peripheral nerve lesions in continuity.
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Adult↗
Pain, disability, and psychological functioning in chronic low back pain subgroups: myofascial versus herniated disc syndrome.
A series of patients with chronic low back pain evaluated at a tertiary referral center were the subjects for this study. Of 250 consecutive patients, 94 were diagnosed as having myofascial pain and 57 as having herniated disc syndrome. Before evaluation and diagnosis, all patients completed the McGill Pain Questionnaire, ratings of pain and disability, and the Symptom Checklist 90-R. Patients were also grouped on the basis of previous surgical history and workers' compensation benefits. Patients suffering from myofascial pain were significantly less likely to report periods of pain relief than patients with herniated disc syndrome. Those receiving workers' compensation benefits reported significantly greater levels of pain, disability, and psychological distress than those not receiving benefits, irrespective of diagnosis. Patients who underwent previous surgery did not differ significantly from those who never underwent surgery. All patients had elevated scores on the Somatization subscale of the Symptom Checklist 90-R. Patients with myofascial pain and workers' compensation benefits demonstrated the highest levels of somatization and phobia. These findings suggest that the effects of low back pain of myofascial origin have comparable, if not worse, consequences than disc herniation. These findings also reaffirm the importance of workers' compensation in understanding the differences in patients with chronic low back pain.
Adult↗
[Unrecognised carpal tunnel syndrome in diabetic polyneuropathy (author's transl)].
Neurological disturbances of the hands occurred in three female patients with diabetic polyneuropathy and were initially considered a manifestation of the polyneuropathy. Precise investigation showed that besides diabetic nerve lesions an additional mechanical damage of the median nerve in the carpal tunnel had occurred. Clinical and electromyographic follow-up controls showed stable conditions in one patient and progression of the carpal tunnel syndrome in two others. After bilateral neurolysis complete freedom from symptoms was achieved. The combined occurrence of diabetic polyneuropathy and distal nerve compression syndromes has not been described up to now.
Carpal Tunnel Syndrome↗
Compartment syndromes and compression neuropathies in coma.
Eight patients are reported who developed peripheral nerve injuries due to limb compression during unattended coma. In each patient, the site of the peripheral nerve lesion or the unique combination of peripheral nerve lesions and swollen limbs, pressure blisters, or myoglobinuria indicated that compartment syndromes caused the nerve injury. The peripheral nerve injuries were characterized by severe axonal loss with persistent and often disabling sequelae.
Adult↗
Subcutaneous anterior transposition of the ulnar nerve for failed decompression of cubital tunnel syndrome.
The current literature universally suggests that submuscular anterior transposition is the standard operative treatment for recurrent cubital tunnel syndrome. Regardless of the type of initial failed procedure, including submuscular transposition, 20 patients underwent anterior subcutaneous transposition of the ulnar nerve. All patients were monitored for a minimum of 2 years after surgery. The most common sites of compression were the medial intermuscular septum and the flexor-pronator aponeurosis. Fifteen patients had a good or excellent outcome; 5 patients had a fair or poor outcome. Relief of pain and paresthesias were the most consistent favorable results. Fair and poor outcomes were significantly associated with increasing age and the number of previous surgeries. Subcutaneous anterior transposition of the ulnar nerve proved to be an effective treatment for recurrent cubital tunnel syndrome.
Adult↗
Biceps rupture in a patient on long-term anticoagulation leading to compartment syndrome and nerve palsies.
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Aged↗
[Acute and chronic overuse injuries in extreme sport-climbing].
From May to September 1994 a study on acute and chronic overuse injuries in to rockclimbing was performed. The etiology of trauma was referred to trainingforms and climbing techniques. 112 climbers participating in the study climbed at level 9+/10- (8a). This study demonstrated that the incidence of overstrain syndromes increased with the performance level. The overall predominance of finger injuries was followed by acute spinal syndromes, knee, and ankle sprains. Among the most frequent overstrain complaints epicondylopathias, chronic complaints of the finger joins and flexor tendons, and nerve compression syndromes of the upper extremities could be seen. Most notable was the fact that the frequency of certain overstrain syndromes increased in relation to the years of climbing.
Adolescent↗
[Compression syndrome of the intermediate supraclavicular nerve].
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Cervical Plexus↗
MR features of nerve disorders at the elbow.
MR imaging is a useful method for evaluating nerve disease. It can portray the normal anatomy and identify unsuspected space-occupying masses. Severe intrinsic nerve disease can be depicted. This article outlines the normal anatomy of the three major nerves that traverse the elbow joint: the ulnar nerve, the median nerve, and the radial nerve. Entrapment and compression neuropathies of each nerve are discussed in detail. Finally, the role of MR imaging in delineating each nerve abnormality is examined.
Elbow Joint↗
Median nerve compression in Proteus syndrome.
Proteus syndrome is a multi-organ disorder, a prime feature of which is localized gigantism, usually clinically obvious. Symptoms secondary to hypertrophy of nerves has not been previously recognized as a part of the syndrome.
Child, Preschool↗
[Compression syndrome of the superficial fibular nerve. Case report].
The case of a female patient complaining of dysaesthesia and paraesthesia on the dorsum of her right foot and digits which failed to respond to conservative treatment is presented. 10 cm above the lateral malleolus, a muscle bulge of 2 cm was detected. Hoffmann-Tinel's sign was positive at this site. The diagnosis of nerve entrapment was confirmed by a conduction velocity block. Through an incision centered over the muscle bulge, the superficial fibular nerve was identified. It was found to be compressed by fascia. Fascial release and epineuriotomy resulted in complete recovery. Entrapment of the sensory superficial fibular nerve in the patient is thought to have been caused by prolonged work-related kneeling and squatting over many years.
Adult↗
Results of the musculofascial lengthening technique for submuscular transposition of the ulnar nerve at the elbow.
BACKGROUND: In the absence of a randomized, prospective study comparing different surgical approaches for decompression of the ulnar nerve at the elbow, the choice of an approach relies on the individual surgeon's training and experience. The present report describes the results of a prospective, long-term evaluation of the musculofascial lengthening technique in a large series of patients. In these patients, the degree of ulnar nerve compression was staged with use of a numerical grading system that included measures of both motor and sensory function. METHODS: From 1985 through 1991, 121 consecutive patients (161 ex-tremities) in whom the ulnar nerve was entrapped at the elbow were treated with surgical decompression with use of a musculofascial lengthening technique. In addition to the patient history and physical examination, measurements of sensory and motor function were obtained prospectively to permit staging of the severity of the compression by means of a grading scale. The preoperative and postoperative scores on this scale were evaluated. The mean duration of follow-up after surgery was 45.6 months. RESULTS: On the basis of traditional criteria, 105 limbs (65%) had an excellent result; thirty-seven (23%), a good result; six (4%), afair result; twelve (7.5%), a failure; and one (0.5%), a recurrence. There was significant improvement in ulnar nerve function in terms of both the sensory (p < 0.001) and motor (p < 0.001) components of the grading scale. Comparisons of clinical subgroups revealed significant improvement in patients with diabetes, those with a Workers' Compensation claim, and those who had a severe degree of compression rather than a mild degree of compression. CONCLUSIONS: Surgical decompression of ulnar nerve entrapment at the elbow by means of a musculofascial lengthening technique was associated with an 88% rate of good to excellent results. The results of the present study demonstrate the feasibility of performing a statistical analysis of surgical results by using a numerical grading system to stage the degree of nerve compression. This method may be used to study different surgical techniques for the treatment of this common nerve compression syndrome.
Contraindications↗
Effects of increased systemic blood pressure on the tissue fluid pressure threshold of peripheral nerve.
This study was designed to evaluate the functional response of the median nerve at the wrist to various degrees of acute, local compression in hypertensive patients. After measuring resting tissue fluid pressure in the carpal tunnel of the nondominant hand of nine subjects (diastolic pressures of 90 mm Hg or greater), localized pressures of 50, 60, or 70 mm Hg were applied to the palmar aspect of the wrist. Motor and sensory latencies and amplitudes of the median nerve were evaluated before compression, during 30-240 min of compression, and during the postcompression recovery phase. Sensory responses were completely blocked at a threshold tissue fluid pressure of 60-70 mm Hg, measured by the wick catheter technique. This pressure threshold was greater than the 40-50 mm Hg previously found in normotensive subjects. The tissue pressure threshold of normotensive and hypertensive subjects was consistently 30 mm Hg below diastolic blood pressure (approximately 45 mm Hg below mean arterial blood pressure). These results support the concept that ischemia is the prime mechanism of conduction block in low pressure, nerve-compression syndromes.
Action Potentials↗