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At least 253 records · Page 14Linked to original sources
PubMed2004

Strategies for finding new pharmacological targets for neuropathic pain.

Chronic pain of neuropathic origin is an unmet therapeutic challenge that may require the development of novel drug entities. The resources involved in developing novel drugs and testing them in clinical trials are so large that few candidates can be fully tested in practice. A poor choice can have major repercussions. At the same time, the research community has identified large numbers of potential pharmacological targets for analgesia in recent years, with individual investigators promoting favorites with increasing zeal. Because of the uncertain predictive value of animal models of neuropathic pain, it is essential to consider rational strategic approaches to selecting the most likely candidate targets.

Analgesics↗
PubMed2006

New findings from the Bipolar Collaborative Network: clinical implications for therapeutics.

In this article, we highlight recent Bipolar Collaborative Network data. We found that childhood-onset bipolar illness is common, often goes untreated for more than a decade, and carries a poor prognosis. During randomized studies of adjunctive medications in depression: 1) Venlafaxine showed higher switch rates than bupropion or sertraline; 2) Tranylcypromine was as well tolerated as lamotrigine; and 3) Modafinil was more effective than placebo. Finally, in treatment of overweight and obesity, topiramate and sibutramine showed equal efficacy but poor tolerability, and zonisamide data showed that it may be useful for mood and weight loss.

Adult↗
PubMed1986

A stillbirth with aspirated squamous pearls and fetoplacental thromboembolism: a new finding and reminder of the importance of placental and fetal pathologic conditions.

Fetal aspiration of squamous epithelial pearls has probably never been reported. Because of deficient perinatal pathology examinations, the occurrence of fetoplacental thromboembolism is incompletely known. This case report of the two phenomena includes emphasis that placentas should never be frozen; they should be stored at standard refrigerator temperature.

Adult↗
PubMed1992

Gonadotropin-releasing hormone analogs: update on new findings.

Clinical trials are under way to investigate the optimal use of nafarelin. In one series of studies, the effect of nasal mucosal inflammation and the concomitant use of nasal decongestants on the nasal absorption of nafarelin was evaluated in women with perennial rhinitis. Neither rhinitis nor concomitant therapy with a long-acting nasal decongestant substantially affected the nasal absorption of nafarelin. Other clinical studies are investigating strategies for second treatment of endometriosis or to improve the safety profile of nafarelin. In one trial, a second 3-month treatment course with nafarelin in patients with recurrent symptoms of endometriosis provided substantial pain relief. In another trial, preliminary information indicates that the addition of norethindrone to nafarelin in patients with endometriosis attenuates bone density changes and menopausal symptoms associated with nafarelin treatment.

Absorption↗
PubMed1993

Children with mucopolysaccharidosis: perioperative care, morbidity, mortality, and new findings.

The perioperative care, morbidity, and mortality in 30 patients with mucopolysaccharidosis (MPS) are presented. They underwent a detailed preoperative assessment and were anesthetized 141 times. An intravenous induction technique was used in most patients. It was easier to see the vocal cords, during laryngoscopy, in children with Hurler syndrome (HS) when they were younger (23 v 41 months, P < or = .01) and smaller (12 v 15 kg, P < or = .05). Preoperative obstructive breathing was associated with a significantly higher incidence of postextubation obstruction (P < or = .05). A total of 28 children underwent bone marrow transplantation (BMT); this reversed upper airway obstruction and also reversed intracranial hypertension. In children with HS, the incidence of odontoid dysplasia was 94%; 38% demonstrated anterior C1-C2 subluxation. Head and neck manipulation was limited in children with cervical spine defects. None of the 30 patients experienced spinal cord morbidity. One child suffered an intraoperative stroke; another, pulmonary edema. Severe and extensive coronary obstruction was responsible for 2 intraoperative deaths. Coronary angiography underestimated coronary artery disease.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1993

Immune response to opiates: new findings in heroin addicts investigated by means of an original enzyme immunoassay and morphine determination in hair.

In the early 1970's, some papers appeared reporting an immune response to opiates in animals treated with morphine and in heroin addicts, but further researches failed to confirm these results in humans. The aim of the present work is investigating with a newly developed enzyme immunoassay the existence of specific antibodies to morphine in a group of opiate chronic users, controlled by means of the toxicological analysis of hair. Twenty five opiate addicts inpatients for detoxication treatments were investigated for the presence of morphine specific antibodies and for the morphine content in hair, as a marker of addiction to opiates. Antibodies to morphine were investigated using an original ELISA method using a morphine-human serum albumin conjugate immobilized into the wells of polystyrene microtiter plates. Morphine determinations in hair were accomplished by a radioimmunologic screening followed by HPLC confirmation of positive results. The group of opiate users, in which all the subjects resulted positive for morphine content in hair, showed in the ELISA test an average D OD% value significantly higher than the control group (p < 0.001); in particular, 16 out of 25 addicts could be classified positive for anti-morphine antibodies, which were identified as IgM. Inhibition studies demonstrated Ka's for morphine ranging from 10(4) to 10(10) M-1 and a high cross reactivity for codeine. The presence of circulating antibodies specific to morphine in chronic users of opiates is strongly supported by the present findings.

Adult↗
PubMed1991

New findings in the metabolism of N,N-dimethylformamide--consequences for evaluation of occupational risk.

Using a novel gas chromatographic method, specific mercapturic acids produced in the biotransformation of several formamide analogues have been quantified. Thus, N-acetyl-S-(N-methylcarbamoyl)cysteine, derived from an important industrial solvent N,N-dimethylformamide, was found to be a minor metabolite in rodents but an important one in humans. Because manifestations of hepatotoxicity of formamide analogues were always linked with the production of mercapturic acids, the risk from exposure to DMF in humans appears to be higher than that estimated from toxicological experiments on laboratory animals.

Air Pollutants, Occupational↗
PubMed1995

Pathophysiology of anoxic depolarization: new findings and a working hypothesis.

Anoxic depolarization has been linked to the generation of hypoxic irreversible damage. Treatments that postpone its occurrence during hypoxia protect against irreversible damage. This work investigates possible mechanisms leading to anoxic depolarization and ways to prevent or delay it. Exogenous creatine (a compound that delays ATP depletion during hypoxia by increasing the intracellular store of phosphocreatine) doubles the latency of anoxic depolarization. Ouabain (100 microM) reproduces in normoxic slices the depolarization of anoxic depolarization and the concurrent changes in [K+]0; thus, failure of (Na+, K+)ATPase (which is likely to occur during hypoxia due to ATP depletion) is sufficient to cause anoxic depolarization. Electrophysiological evidence, however, suggests that failure of this ATPase causes anoxic depolarization through some intermediate event, probably Na(+)-induced cell swelling. In accordance with this hypothesis, increasing extracellular osmolarity with mannitol (25 mM) increases anoxic depolarization latency by approximately 25%. Other possible mechanisms of anoxic depolarization are also discussed.

Adenosine Triphosphate↗
PubMed1988

The Continuous Performance Test, identical pairs version (CPT-IP): I. New findings about sustained attention in normal families.

Thirty families, consisting of two parents and two adolescent children, were tested on a high-processing load Continuous Performance Test, the CPT-IP, which required identification of identical stimulus pairs within a continuously presented series of stimuli. The purpose of this study was to provide normative data for research concerned with the role of attention in psychopathology, especially schizophrenia and major affective disorder. Retest data collected from 23 of the 30 families showed the CPT-IP to be a reliable measure of attention. A major developmental effect was found in capacity to sustain attention to spatial vs. verbal stimuli, which suggested that spatial skills are most developed during childhood and adolescence, while verbal attentional skills tend to peak in adulthood. Factor analysis and family transmission patterns further suggested that the two types of attention (spatial and verbal) were independent and that each was heritable to some degree. Experimental distraction did not disrupt performance in any of the subjects and, in fact, tended to improve it in the adolescents, especially for spatial stimuli. We conclude that the CPT-IP is appropriate for use with families containing members differing widely in age and processing skills.

Adolescent↗