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At least 253 records · Page 14Linked to original sources
PubMed2001

[Towards a new line in public school health service; the medical profession in the fields of social pediatrics, occupational health and multiprofessional health promotion].

The circumstances of life and the health status of children and adolescents in Germany have undergone fundamental changes. Public institutions, such as schools or kindergartens more often are not only support but a substitute for family structures. Individual medical care being guaranteed, seeking for prevention and treatment and health status differ widely according to sociological patterns. Health care and social compensation programmes on a multiprofessional basis will thus be accessible only in a very general sense to all youth at the public institution of a school. Besides all the general public health programmes in schools, medical expertise on an individual level is becoming more and more important because of the increasing number of classes integrating diseased and disabled children in regular school. The public school health services will not only act as individual medical experts themselves but more as coordinators of all medical and health promoting efforts on an administrative, school, inpatient and outpatient level. Medical professionals working in public school health services will therefore have to be trained in the following spheres: normal range of developmental milestones, knowledge of health systems and regional structures of health care, epidemiological basics, communicative and social training, clinical expertise in the fields of general paediatrics, child psychiatry and occupational health. Being fully trained in clinical paediatrics and public health will surely be an asset, but will not cover all the requirements for successfully working in school health care. For this reason the programmes of higher education in public health have to be adjusted to the recent demands in this special field of work. School health services will have to engage in occupational health and will have to be present mostly in the school buildings proper. School health services will have to report and publish epidemiological data for use by school, community and medical professionals. In case of continued compulsory medical examination of schoolbeginners wide use should be made of qualified assistant personnel, so that physicians can focus on true medical problems in school and moreover will be enabled to deliver medical expertise and treatment within the community to people and population groups in need.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1995

["Profession-oriented project work" in preparation for occupational rehabilitation].

In the framework of pre-rehabilitation courses for German-origin immigrants as well as other rehabilitees of mostly foreign nationality, the Bad Krozingen cardiac care centre has for some two years, i.e. since 1993, undertaken practical trials of a model occupational field-oriented project classroom. To enable rehabilitees to better prepare for their future work or occupational fields, internal differentiation is used to facilitate occupation-specific preparation in a project worksetting, with self-directed activity of the individual in a teamwork situation being the main focus of enhancement. This afternoon "occupational field-oriented project work" complements morning classrooms that, aside various other subjects, are focussed on German and maths as well as EDP fundamentals, with electronic text processing in particular viewed as a tool that facilitates written documentation of teamwork, hence is dealt with right at the beginning of the course.

Adult↗
PubMed1996

[To prepare the future: analysis of the occupational changes in the dispensary pharmacist's profession. Necessity of a common project linking the university and the chemist's shop].

Academic people devote themselves too rarely to an analysis of the evolution in a profession for which 80% of its students are intending to take up, that is, a dispensing chemist. This article is divided into three parts: the first part is an analysis aiming at understanding a certain moroseness felt by dispensing chemists in a society which is evolving. The pharmacy faculties, very centred on themselves, preoccupied about their scientific recognitions, are more and more getting away from the field professionals, both by their teaching and by their research. This leads the profession to a distress where everyone plays in one's camp, with the author's feeling of seeing some teachers sawing the branch of which they are seated. The pharmaceutical profession is itself under the stress of attacks from the ministry through the decrease of remunerations as part of the health expenditure control and from supermarkets which are delight to be able to open breaches into parapharmaceutical fields. How is it possible to reconcile the university and the chemist's shop.

Economics, Pharmaceutical↗
PubMed1997

[To prepare the future: analysis of the occupational changes in the dispensary pharmacist's profession. 2nd: Necessity of a common project linking the university and the chemist's shop: practical proposals].

After having in a first part established facts, the authors in a second part, would like the french pharmacy faculties to be more open to the profession. In order to reach this aim, at least one teacher per faculty must direct a research towards the assessment of professional practices by creating observatories in order to measure better what is going on in the field and consequently make the evolution in teaching possible. The author, a professor in clinical pharmacy, the latter being a discipline which is naturally open to professional practices, relates an original experiences carried out in Grenoble about the activity of a quality assurance centre for the pharmaceutical act.

Education, Pharmacy↗
PubMed1997

[To prepare the future: analysis of the occupational changes in the dispensary pharmacist's profession. 3rd: Reinventing the profession].

In this paper the author proposes a few tracks in order to reinvent the profession as a dispensing chemist and in order to regain a social credibility. This credibility, once based on the preparation of drugs with the know-how of the mortar-pestle, must be redefined in a society which is evolving which is organising so as to encourage all professionals towards a search for the quality of products and services. The author would like the university to evolve in a parallel direction and to contribute to the professional evolution by being party involved.

Forecasting↗
PubMed1990

Nursing: a career of yesterday?

This quantitative study indicates that the recruitment problem in nursing may be more significant than previously thought. Other research had suggested that the fall in the number of 16 to 18 year olds and the widening labour market may cause some difficulties. Literature relating to occupational choice, the changing labour market for women and the image of nursing are considered to provide a theoretical framework. The results from a questionnaire clearly demonstrated that interest in nursing as an occupational choice is small, with less than 2% declaring an interest. Many of the fifth formers had high aspirations for themselves. This was particularly significant for girls hoping to obtain 5 or more subjects in the general certificate of secondary education. They seemed to have replaced nursing with the professions as potential occupational choices. The findings from the study indicate that nurse leaders need to take urgent action in relation to recruitment policies for the future, and ideas for further research are suggested.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1990

Occupational carbamate pesticide intoxication in three farm workers. Implications and significance for occupational health in Jamaica.

The importance of occupational health practice principles in the delivery of health care to the working population is stressed by the authors' management of an incident of occupational pesticide poisoning. The clinical management of the patients involved, as well as the occupational and environmental health management of that incident, is discussed. An illustrative case report is used to describe an occurrence of carbofuran pesticide poisoning in three female farm workers in Jamaica. This report highlights the implications and significance of this incident in terms of the sensitivity of the medical profession to similar occupational health problems.

Adult↗
PubMed1997

[Occupational diseases of the spine in health care professions-- epidemiologic and insurance aspects (I). 1. Review of internationally publicized studies].

Due to spine-loading activities nursing professionals have a relatively high incidence/prevalence of low back pain. As lumbar disc disorders can be regarded as occupational diseases (since January 1993, occupational disease BK 2108, normally more than 10 years of exposition, lumbar disc disorders with pain and reduced motility) international literature is reviewed. Own results of different prevalence-, case-control- and incidence studies (relative risk for lumbago sciatica/odds ratio for disc prolaps appr. 3-6 depending on age and occupational age) are presented. Finally the question of compensation and prevention of disc disorders is discussed.

Female↗
PubMed1989

[Personal and professional characteristics of women dentists in RSA].

Dentistry is a relatively new occupation for females in the RSA. Female dentists have particularly increased since 1975. Currently, approximately 11.4 per cent of the dental labour market consists of female dentists. Present student intakes indicate that the number of female dentists will increase to approximately 20.9 per cent within the next five years. Personal and professional characteristics of female dentists were determined by means of a survey of 55 female dentists on the Register of the South African Medical and Dental Council. Replies were received from 36 of the women, representing a response rate of 65 per cent. Female dentists are relatively young, married, their spouse mainly also in a professional occupation, and have at least two children. Factors which may have an special impact on professional activities include marital conflict due to interpersonal relationships, interaction of the mother and wife role on occupation, and lapse in service due to pregnancy. The results of this study indicate that female dentists are in general professionally and intellectually active in service. Female dentists are more inclined to private practice. Unmarried females are, as expected, professionally more active on a full-time basis in comparison to married females which are proportionally more active on a part-time basis. The respondents are mostly of the opinion that the dental profession provides sufficient occupational satisfaction to justify a professional identity for female dentists.

Adult↗
PubMed2006

The effects of occupational interventions on reduction of musculoskeletal symptoms in the nursing profession.

The objective of the review was to gain more insight into the effects of occupational interventions for primary prevention of musculoskeletal symptoms in healthcare workers. The Cochrane Collaboration methodological guidelines for systematic reviews functioned as a starting point. Thirteen studies meeting the inclusion criteria were analysed for methodological quality and effects. Eight outcome effect areas were established and defined as areas in which an effect had been determined in at least two studies. A method based on levels of scientific evidence was then used to synthesize the information available. Strong scientific evidence for the beneficial effect of occupational interventions was found for the outcome effect areas physical discomfort, technical performance of transfers and frequency of manual lifting. Insufficient evidence was found for the effect areas absenteeism due to musculoskeletal problems, musculoskeletal symptoms, fatigue, perceived physical load and knowledge of risk factors at work and ergonomic principles. Training and education combined with an ergonomic intervention were found to be effective.

Ergonomics↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Prestige: radiologic technologists rate themselves and other allied health professionals.

This study investigated radiologic technologists' (RTs) prestige ratings of 13 allied health professions and 13 general occupations selected from the original National Opinion Research Center (NORC) list. RTs ranked themselves fifth and on the whole tended to elevate the ratings of the allied health professions. There was a high degree of agreement between RTs' ratings and the NORC occupations data. Implications for the RT profession and for future research are noted.

Allied Health Personnel↗
PubMedDate not supplied

How to detect effects: statistical power and evidence-based practice in occupational therapy research.

The findings from 30 research investigations examining the effectiveness of occupational therapy interventions were reviewed and analyzed. The statistical conclusion validity was determined by computing post hoc power coefficients for the statistical hypothesis tests included in the examined studies. Data analysis revealed the median power values to detect small, medium, and large effect sizes were .09, .33, and .66, respectively. These results suggest a high probability of Type II errors in the sample of occupational therapy intervention research examined. In practical terms, this means the intervention produced a potentially useful treatment effect, but the effect was not detected as significant. Examples are provided that illustrate how low statistical power contributes to increases in Type II errors and inhibits the development of consensus through replication in the research literature. The presence of low-power studies with high rates of false negative findings prevents the establishment of guidelines for evidence-based practice and impedes the scientific progress of rehabilitation professions such as occupational therapy.

Evidence-Based Medicine↗
PubMed1991

What is clinical reasoning?

This paper offers a concept of clinical reasoning that differs from many of the traditional definitions of clinical reasoning in occupational therapy and the health professions in general. Here, clinical reasoning in occupational therapy is described as a largely tacit, highly imagistic, and deeply phenomenological mode of thinking. It is argued that clinical reasoning involves more than the ability to offer explicit reasons that justify clinical decisions because it is also based on tacit understanding and habitual knowledge gained through experience. Clinical reasoning also involves more than a simple application of theory, particularly theory as understood in the natural sciences, because complex clinical tasks often require that the therapist improvise a treatment approach that addresses the unique meaning of disability as it relates to a particular patient.

Clinical Competence↗
PubMed2006

Not just another multi-professional course! Part 1. Rationale for a transformative curriculum.

Undergraduate inter- and multi-professional education has traditionally aimed to develop health professionals who are able to collaborate effectively in comprehensive healthcare delivery. The respective professions learn from and about each other through comparisons of roles, responsibilities, powers, duties and perspectives in order to promote integrated service. Described here is the educational rationale of a multi-professional course with a difference; one that injects value to undergraduate health professional education through the development of critical cross-field knowledge, skills and attitudes that unite rather than differentiate professions. The aim of this course, offered at the Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Cape Town, is to lay an integrated, pan-professional foundation for the advancement of collective commitment to and understanding of national health and social development objectives such as primary health care, human rights and professionalism. Pan-professional refers to curriculum content that is core and of critical relevance to all participating professions. What is learned, how it is learned, how learning is facilitated and how it is applied, has been co-constructed by a multi-professional design team representing a range of health professions (audiology, medicine, occupational therapy, nursing, physiotherapy and speech therapy) and academic disciplines (anthropology, sociology, psychology, history, African studies and social development, information technology and language literacy). Education specialists facilitate the ongoing design process ensuring that the structure and content of the curriculum complies with contemporary adult learning principles and national higher education imperatives. Designing the original curriculum required the deconstruction of intra-professional and disciplinary canons of knowledge and ways of 'doing things' in order to identify and develop shared interpretations of critical epistemology and axiology for health professional practice in the South African context. This enabled the alignment of the learning objectives, at first year level, of all the represented professions. The educational rationale guiding the curriculum design process is discussed in Part 1 of two articles. Part 2 describes the 'nuts and bolts' or practicalities of the curriculum design process.

Curriculum↗