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At least 253 records · Page 14Linked to original sources

PubMed2000

[Study of presurgical anxiety in urologic, gynecologic, and ophthalmologic surgery as a function of the administration or non-administration of anxiolytic premedication].

OBJECTIVE: Anxiety commonly appears before surgery, triggering a set of events that can be described as a general stress response. We measured changes in preoperative stress in relation to premedication or not with diazepam in patients undergoing urologic, gynecologic and ophthalmologic surgery. PATIENTS AND METHOD: We enrolled 87 patients undergoing elective surgery in urology (n = 30), gynecology (n = 30) and ophthalmology (n = 27). Randomly, the patients were premedicated with diazepam, placebo or nothing. During the preoperative visit the patient was administered a test to determine the level of anxiety and blood pressure, heart rate and potassium plasma concentration (K+) the night before surgery and moments before entering the operating theater. RESULTS: No significant differences in anxiety between patients undergoing different types of surgery were detected in the operating theater; however, at that time, anxiety was found to be significantly less among patients premedicated with diazepam than among those given placebo. Preoperative anxiety was significantly less in ophthalmology patients and in those premedicated with diazepam. Both systolic and diastolic blood pressure increased significantly among urologic and ophthalmologic surgery patients and in those who were not premedicated with diazepam regardless of type of surgery. Heart rate did not change significantly. Potassemia decreased significantly in all patients. CONCLUSION: The discrepancy between the psychological and somatic response to the stress conditions studied may be the result of the calming effect of the preoperative visit by the anesthesiologist and to premedication with a tranquilizer. However, neither the preoperative visit nor premedication seem to completely block the stress response.

Adolescent↗

PubMed2002

[Thyroid orbital pathologies in ophthalmological settings].

OBJECTIVE: To illustrate the originality and diversity of an ophthalmologic pathology associated with a thyroid disease (OATD), we report 42 cases of patients hospitalised or having consulted an ophthalmologic department for this disease over a period of 4 years. METHOD: Each patient was assessed by an endocrinologist and an ophthalmologist. Data included the OATD severity score, date of occurrence compared with the thyroid disease and determination of thyroid function and immune abnormalities. RESULTS: Patients were aged a mean of 48.9 + 15.3 years; 65% were women and 39% smokers. OATD preceded the thyroid disease in 38% of cases, was concomitant in 40% and successive in 21%. Thirty-six percent of cases were mild, 45% moderate and 19% were severe. One patient out of 5 had exhibited a period of iatrogenic hypothyroidia. The majority (81%) presented with Basedow's disease; 14% Hashimoto's disease; 73% anti-TSH receptor antibodies and 56% anti-thyroperoxidase antibodies. Two profiles of patients with OAMT were identified. A first group with severe OATD: Basedow's disease, presence of anti-TSH receptor antibodies and a period of iatrogenic hypothyroidia in half of the cases. A second group in which the occurrence of OATD preceded diagnosis of a thyroid disease: generally non-severe forms with varying thyroid status, strongly related to the moment at which the patient consulted, compared with the progression of the ophthalmologic and thyroid affections. CONCLUSION: When faced with signs evoking OATD, these data emphasize the need for an evaluation of thyroid status and determination of the antibodies implied in Basedow and Hashimoto's disease. After initiation of synthetic anti-thyroid or radioactive iodine therapy, the evolution of the thyroid and ophthalmologic status of hyperthyroid patients must be carefully monitored.

Adult↗

PubMed2004

[Neurofibromatosis type 1 in children--with special consideration of ophthalmologic symptoms].

PURPOSE: Analysis of neurofibromatosis type I in children with special respect to ophthalmological symptoms. METHODS: It was performed a retrospective review of 18 children in period 1986-2002. The authors analysed the clinical, especially ophthalmological data, and the treatment of ophthalmological signs. RESULTS: The most frequent were the skin symptoms. All of the 18 patients had cafe au lait spots; 4 children had cutane neurofibroma; In 3 patients plexiform neurofibroma were observed. Ocular symptoms were: cutane neurofibroma in the left upper eye lid: 1 case; Lisch nodules in the iris: 5 cases; bilateral optic pathway glioma: 3 cases. One child's bilateral gliomas were inoperable, because of the intracranial progression. One child underwent surgical treatment because of the extreme exophthalmus in the right eye. Her left eye's glioma and the third case bilateral glioma needed only observation because of the loss of clinical signs, and slow progression. Family examinations were also performed: 12 children had signs in the II., III. and IV. generations, there were no symptoms in 6 family, they were new mutations. CONCLUSIONS: The most serious cases had ophthalmological symptoms, namely bilateral visual pathway gliomas that could lead to blindness. The treatment needed individually medical decision.

Child↗

PubMed1987

The organisation of an ophthalmological service for diabetics in a teaching hospital.

A new system of ophthalmological evaluation of diabetic patients in a teaching hospital has been devised. All the patients attending the diabetic clinic were screened by ophthalmologists. Any patient with a problem was then referred to a diabetic ophthalmology clinic where a full evaluation was done and treatment given where necessary. In an 18-month period 1,015 new ophthalmological diabetic patients were screened. Of these patients 13.6% had background retinopathy, 8.4% pre-proliferative retinopathy and 3.4% proliferative retinopathy, while 8.6% had maculopathy. These results show that even in a teaching hospital a significant percentage of patients already have pre-proliferative or even proliferative retinopathy when seen by an ophthalmologist for the first time. The importance of organising an ophthalmological service for the diabetic patient is stressed.

Diabetic Retinopathy↗

PubMed1993

Ophthalmologic safety profile of antimalarial drugs.

The ophthalmologic safety of antimalarial drugs is well established, but absolute safety cannot be assured. Three types of side effects may develop. Corneal deposits and neuromuscular-associated blurred vision are always reversible and therefore benign. Visual loss has occurred in patients with retinopathy. Retinopathy may be divided into true retinopathy and premaculopathy. It is true retinopathy that may be associated with visual loss, while premaculopathy consists of subtle visual field and funduscopic abnormalities. These premaculopathic changes are generally completely reversible with drug discontinuation and have not been shown to progress. Hydroxychloroquine appears safer than chloroquine when currently accepted equivalent doses are used. Fewer than 20 patients with true retinopathy caused by hydroxychloroquine have been reported; more patients have developed true retinopathy when taking chloroquine. The safety profile is most dependent on low daily dose and regular ophthalmologic monitoring. The optimal strategy of ophthalmologic testing has not yet been determined, but visual acuity, funduscopic examination and visual field examination should be monitored. Self-administered ophthalmologic testing with Amsler grids may contribute additional safety but is not a replacement for physician testing.

Antimalarials↗

PubMed1995

The assessment of clinical investigations: the Greenwich Grading System and its application to electrodiagnostic testing in ophthalmology.

The aim of the study was to describe the Greenwich Grading System, a simple method developed for assessing the value of a clinical investigation, and to investigate its application to electrodiagnostic testing (EDT) in ophthalmology patients. This was done by means of a retrospective case analysis carried out on 95 unselected, consecutive patients referred from a district ophthalmology department for electrophysiological investigation at a regional neurosciences centre. The classification was developed to quantify the effect of EDT on the diagnosis, investigation and treatment in each case. From this, an overall value of EDT in management could be assessed for different groups of patients. It was found that the classification was easy to apply and analyse. EDT was valuable in 80% of patients referred, and was classified as essential or important in 53 (56%) patients. In no patient did EDT adversely affect the clinical outcome. The diagnosis was changed in 7 (7%) patients, and made in 5 (5%). Diagnostic certainty was increased in a further 62 (65%) patients. Other investigations were avoided by performing electrophysiology in 28 (29%) cases. Treatment was initiated in 6 (6%) cases and altered in 8 (8%). It is concluded that the Greenwich Grading System, as applied to EDT in ophthalmology, demonstrated the value of electrophysiological investigation in ophthalmology patients and identified the patient groups which benefit most from testing.

Electrodiagnosis↗

PubMed1997

[Ophthalmologic signs in children with autism].

PURPOSE: Autism is a clinical entity defined by characteristic association of a lack of social interactions and communications, beginning before three years of age. The purpose of this study was to screen ophthalmologic findings in autistic children. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Ten autistic children, 6 girls and 4 boys, underwent a complete ophthalmologic examination in the Department of Pediatric Ophthalmology at the Hospital La Timone, Marseilles, France. Their age ranged from 1 to 14 years (mean = 8.5 +/- 3.8). RESULTS: Refraction showed hypermetropia in 7 cases (70%), astigmatism more than 1 diopter in 6 cases (60%), bilateral astigmatism in 4 cases (40%) and unilateral astigmatism in 2 cases (20%). Astigmatism axis was oblique for 8 eyes, with the rule for 6 eyes and against the rule for 2 eyes. Strabismus was present in 6 cases (60%) including 4 cases of exotropia. Fundus examination found pallor of the optic disc in 4 cases. CONCLUSION: Ophthalmologic findings in autistic children appear to be mainly unilateral or bilateral astigmatism and binocular vision troubles. They can lead to amblyopia with the risk of functional loss of vision. Early diagnosis of visual problems in autistic children is also essential in order to be able to propose adequate psychological and educational cares for the children and their family.

Adolescent↗

PubMed2001

Utilization and practical aspects of tele-ophthalmology between South Africa and the UK.

A tele-ophthalmology service was established between a regional hospital in South Africa and a specialist eye hospital in the UK. The aim of the service was to provide secondary specialist advice in the diagnosis and treatment of difficult ophthalmology cases in South Africa. Over 12 months, the South African medical officers saw 16,458 ophthalmology patients and would have liked a second opinion in 5.7% of these cases. Case discussions conducted by videoconferencing at 384 kbit/s were carried out in 0.5% of cases. No significant connection problems were experienced during the 12-month study period. On 4% of occasions, the case discussions were conducted at a bandwidth of 256 kbit/s, but this did not affect the quality of the still images. The South African medical officers valued the educational benefits gained from the case discussions with the UK specialists.

Diagnostic Techniques, Ophthalmological↗

PubMed1990

[Methods to improve the delivery of hospital ophthalmological care to children in the Ukrainian SSR].

On the material of Children Eye Department the Filatov Institute, changes in the structure of eye pathology for the period of 1947-1989 are analysed. It is shown that for the last years, among all eye diseases, the incidence of inflammatory eye diseases fell to 7.5%. The incidence of eye traumas and their outcomes reaching 26.2% remained stable. The incidence of congenital pathology (35.4%) and new-formations in the eye (10.8%) with predominance of malignant tumors, complex pathology of oculomotor apparatus (23.5%) reached high values. Organization of centers, of ophthalmic microsurgery in children allowed to introduce into ophthalmological practice complex surgical interventions requiring special devices and instruments. Surgical activity of the Center of Ophthalmic microsurgery in Children on the basis of the Filatov Institute made up 84.5% in the last five years. In order to optimize the rendering of stationary ophthalmological aid to children, the authors consider it necessary to improve continuity between a microsurgical center and regional children eye hospitals, to increase qualification of children ophthalmologists, to create a Republic Center for Rehabilitation of Children with eye diseases on the basis of a sanatorium with a good ophthalmological equipment.

Child↗

PubMed1982

Monitoring ophthalmology graduate education. The Residency Review Committee.

Formal monitoring of quality control in American graduate medical education is the task of the residency review committees (RRCs). The RRC for ophthalmology consists of nine members appointed by the American Board of Ophthalmology, the American Academy of Ophthalmology, and the American Medical Association. The RRC meets twice each year to determine the accreditation status of residency training programs. As of 1978, the residents ae board eligible only if they have graduated from accredited programs. The review process is based on data collected in standard hospital information forms and a site survey. An RRC member evaluates this information and makes a recommendation that is discussed and voted on by the nine-member RRC body. In response to pressures for greater quality control and regulatory visibility, the review process has been bolstered by improvements in the data-gathering forms and in the surveyors and by a revision of the minimum requirements for accreditation that provides clearer and more stringent guidelines.

Accreditation↗

PubMed1992

The first Danish chairs of ophthalmology.

In the last century German medical sciences made up the chief inspiration to the medical profession in Europe. The influence of German ophthalmology spread to Denmark, and accordingly the first Danish professor, Edmund Hansen Grut was trained in the Graefe clinic. His successor, Jannik Bjerrum grew up in southern Jutland, a district later on lost to the German Empire. The hitherto prevailing Danish sympathies with the neighbour in the south vanished after this. Bjerrum thus wrote all his papers in Danish and made no efforts to achieve an international reputation. In contrast, Marius Tscherning, received widespread recognition as a scientist. He spent many years in France. His scientific insights at last brought him to the Danish chair of ophthalmology. The history of the first three professors of ophthalmology, so different in their attitudes, has narrative value, but exemplifies as well the rapid development of the profession in the years 1886-1925.

Denmark↗

PubMed2001

Raman spectroscopy in ophthalmology: from experimental tool to applications in vivo.

Raman spectroscopy is a qualitative and quantitative optical technique for determining the molecular composition of matter. Improvements in spectroscopic instruments, especially the modality to detect low light level signals extended the Raman technique to biomedical applications, even in delicate structures like the eye. The purpose of this paper was to make an inventory of performed applications of Raman spectroscopy in biomedical science and especially in ophthalmology. A literature search was done using Medline, Current Contents, a patent server on the Internet, and references found in articles and patents. This search revealed a variety of Raman techniques and applications in biomedical research, and an increasing flow of articles starting in the late 1970s on Raman spectroscopy in ophthalmology. This increase in literature about Raman spectroscopy in ophthalmology feeds the expectation that this valuable technique will be introduced in the future into clinical practice.

Animals↗

PubMed2005

The value of routine ophthalmological tests in the screening for lung transplantation.

We aimed to analyse the results of ophthalmological examinations in the screening before and in the follow-up after lung transplantation. Altogether, 295 consecutive patients who had undergone ophthalmological examination in the screening before lung transplantation were analysed. Preoperatively 27% ocular abnormalities were found; none of them formed a contraindication for the transplantation. Of the 122 patients who underwent transplantation, 24 (20%) had postoperative ocular complaints. We can conclude that, because of the absence of contraindications in all of these patients, routine ophthalmological screening before transplantation is not recommended. Routine postoperative screening is not required, either.

Decision Trees↗

PubMedDate not supplied

Ophthalmology and medical education in Australia.

Australian medicine and ophthalmology both began as extensions of British traditions. With growing financial and national independence, they have acquired indigenous strength and characteristics. An original triumvirate of medical schools launched a century ago have been augmented by seven additional schools, particularly since World War II. Both general medical and specialty education are now well obtainable in Australia. The quality of ophthalmology is high and research has been moving upward since World War II. New buildings are replacing old. The organization of registrars (residents) is blending with that of union-type workers and reflects widespread though locally autonomous unions in almost every field of endeavor. Canberra and the National University are recent major additions to cultural and scientific affairs of Australia. The Royal Flying Doctors Service has since 1928 cast an increasingly effective "mantle of safety" over the outback. Reductions in federal funds and student numbers have paralleled similar occurrences in the U.S. in the 1980s. Geriatric ophthalmology has made a major step forward and the organization of examinations and policing of medicine have been greatly strengthened in the past decade.

Australia↗

PubMedDate not supplied

Origins and evolution of the Lancaster Course in ophthalmology.

The Lancaster Course was created in 1945 to meet a need for training in the basic sciences of ophthalmology. At that time the course was designed particularly for young physicians who were discharged from the Armed Services at the end of World War II. For nearly five decades, the course has been given each summer at Colby College in Waterville, Maine, with the participation of some of the most illustrious figures in ophthalmology. It has undergone numerous changes in faculty and student body, having become less directed toward the experienced physician and more toward the beginning resident. What has not changed in the informal environment combined with intensive study, which allows students to learn basic sciences and to interact with outstanding leaders in ophthalmology.

Education, Medical, Continuing↗

PubMedDate not supplied

Objectives to direct the training of emergency medicine residents on off-service rotations: ophthalmology.

This is the ninth article in a continuing series for emergency medicine education. Ophthalmology is the topic. Since ophthalmologic problems are common in the emergency department and have obvious importance in clinical care, the time spent on an ophthalmology rotation can be very valuable in emergency medicine training. This experience is often limited to a 2-week rotation. Therefore, clear goals and objectives take on a greater significance for the resident-in-training.

Emergency Medicine↗

PubMed2004

Redundant publications in scientific ophthalmologic journals: the tip of the iceberg?

OBJECTIVE: The number of scientific publications is often used to measure scientific achievement. This practice can motivate unethical conduct, such as redundant or duplicate publications, defined as publication of the same scientific contents in more than 1 journal. The aim of this study was to estimate the amount of redundant publications in ophthalmologic journals. DESIGN: Retrospective analysis of published literature. METHODS: We developed an electronic search engine for redundancies to estimate the amount of duplicate publications in scientific journals. When redundancies reached a given degree (matching score), the articles were screened manually based on authors, titles, and abstracts. We applied this method to the 22 433 articles that were published between 1997 and 2000 in 70 ophthalmologic journals indexed by MEDLINE. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES: The number of duplicate publications with a matching score of 0.6 or more, the number of involved journals, and the number of authors. RESULTS: Redundancies reached a matching score of 0.6 or more in 13 967 pairs of articles. Out of them, a sample of 2210 was reviewed manually. We found 60 redundant articles and estimated that 1.39% of the publications were redundant. Thirty-two journals and an estimate of 1092 authors were involved. In 5% of cases, the scientific conclusions were modified. CONCLUSIONS: Because of the restrictive selection process, the impracticability of detecting all redundant publications, and the estimated amount of duplicates increases with lower matching scores, we regard our estimate to be the tip of the iceberg. Duplicate publications have several negative impacts, but neither peer reviewers nor editors can protect their journal from them completely. Several deterrents for duplicate publications are possible, but as long as publications remain the central requirement for academic advancement, a solution seems unlikely. Nevertheless, it is the responsibility of all those who care about objective research and evidence-based medicine to address this problem-not only in ophthalmology.

Algorithms↗

PubMed2005

Corneal thickness in an ophthalmologically normal Japanese population.

PURPOSE: To investigate the distribution of central corneal thickness (CCT) and factors correlating with CCT in a large-scale population of ophthalmologically normal Japanese persons. DESIGN: Cross-sectional study. PARTICIPANTS: Participants (n = 7313; 2848 men and 4465 women) were selected as an ophthalmologically normal Japanese sample using the following exclusion criteria: abnormal results suggestive of any eye diseases revealed on slit-lamp examination, fundus photography, or visual field test using frequency doubling technology; corrected visual acuity worse than 0.7; and contact lens wear within 1 week. All study participants were identified from The Eye Disease Screening Service in Tajimi city during the period from September, 2000, through October, 2001. METHODS: The CCT was measured by SP-2000P specular microscopy (Topcon, Tokyo, Japan). Age, gender, body mass index, systolic blood pressure, laterality, refraction, corneal radius, and intraocular pressure (IOP) data were collected from the records. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES: The CCT value and its correlating factors. RESULTS: Average CCT in this ophthalmologically normal Japanese population was 517.5+/-29.8 microm (mean+/-standard deviation; n = 7313) and was greater in men (521.5+/-30.3 microm) than in women (514.4+/-29.0 microm). The CCT positively correlated with IOP and corneal radius and negatively correlated with refraction, although the correlation was weak. Intraocular pressure measured with a Goldmann applanation tonometer positively correlated with CCT, and the correction was not affected by age (corrected IOP = IOP reading -0.012 [CCT (microm) - 520]). CONCLUSIONS: Using optical pachymetry, CCT in normal Japanese persons was defined as 517.5+/-29.8 microm. Men had greater CCT measurements than women. The CCT measurements positively correlated with IOP and corneal radius and negatively correlated with age and refraction in men. Intraocular pressure positively correlated with CCT, regardless of age.

Adult↗