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At least 253 records · Page 14Linked to original sources
PubMed1989

Children's Sleep Behavior Scale: normative data on 870 children in grades 1 to 6.

A 22-item Likert-type rating scale for parents was developed for screening a broad range of specific sleep-related behaviors of elementary school children. The prevalence of these behaviors was reported by parents for boys (n = 459) and girls (n = 411) in three age groups, less than 8.5 yr., between 8.5 and 11.5 yr., and greater than 11.5 yr. For all age groups, the most prevalent behaviors were restlessness, waking up at night, pleasant dreams, getting up to go to the bathroom, talking while asleep, and complaints about not being able to sleep, while the least frequent were rhythmical movements and crying while asleep. The self-reports suggest that many of the behaviors are underestimated in the literature. Some sex and age differences were found, but the number of siblings, birth order, change in family structure, and educational status of father and mother were unrelated to the sleep variables. Test-retest reliabilities of self-reports by these parents to individual items were adequate.

Age Factors↗
PubMed2003

[Peer communication skills and social behavioral characteristics of preschool children].

The purpose of this study was to investigate the relationship between peer communication skills and social behavioral characteristics of preschool children. Data for 42 preschool children, five to nine years old, were analyzed in the study. Teachers were asked to rate the children on a number of social behavior measures, and classify them into competent, aggressive and withdrawn groups. It was shown that children of the withdrawn group accepted more requests from others than those of the other groups. Generally, in terms of feedback they gave, the withdrawn were not much different from the competent, but forms of feedback were more often nonverbal. As for the aggressive, feedback was more verbal than the withdrawn when another directly spoke to them, but tended to be equally nonverbal when it was not clear whom other were speaking to.

Child↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Development of normative ambulatory blood pressure data in children. Arbeitsgruppe Pädiatrische Hypertonie.

BACKGROUND: Ambulatory blood pressure (ABP) monitoring is used increasingly to evaluate the blood pressure of children and adolescents. Reference values based on a sufficiently high number of healthy children are necessary to estimate the limits of the 'normal' range. OBJECTIVE: To begin to define the normal range of values for pediatric ABP. DESIGN: In this multicenter trial, we pooled ABP records of 1141 healthy children and adolescents with body heights between 115 and 185 cm. The study was carried out at seven centers, according to a common procedure. Only oscillometric devices (SpaceLab 90207 and Meditech) were included in the evaluation. RESULTS: The 50th percentile for 24h systolic ABP increased moderately with height, from 103 mmHg to 113 mmHg in girls and from 105 mmHg to 120 mmHg in boys. The 50th percentile for diastolic 24h means was 66+/-1 mmHg, irrespective of height or sex. Diastolic daytime means were 73+/-1 mmHg, which is remarkably high compared with reference values for casual blood pressure. The mean nocturnal systolic and diastolic ABP values (0000-0600 h) were 13+/-6% and 23+/-9% less than the daytime means (0800-2000h), respectively. DISCUSSION: This multicenter study is, to date, the largest descriptive estimation of the normal range of values for pediatric ABP monitoring. Further investigation is needed, to evaluate the influences of genetic and environmental background, and that of the monitoring device, on pediatric ABP measurements. The optimal range for ABP in children as defined by cardiovascular prognosis or end-organ damage remains to be established.

Adolescent↗