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PubMed1998

Lichenoid erythrodermic bullous pemphigoid of the African patient.

BACKGROUND: Lichen planus (LP) pemphigoides is defined by the concurrence of bullous pemphigoid (BP) and LP lesions. However, other autoimmune bullous skin diseases such as paraneoplastic pemphigus or bullous lupus erythematosus may also be associated with lichenoid eruptions. OBJECTIVE: Our purpose was to describe 3 African patients with a similar form of lichenoid erythrodermic BP. METHODS: Medical records of the 3 patients were reviewed for clinical, histologic, and biologic data. The ultrastructural localization of autoantibody deposits was studied by direct and indirect immunoelectron microscopy. The antigenic specificities recognized by the patients' sera were analyzed by immunoblotting on human epidermal extracts. RESULTS: Three black African men had a severe lichenoid erythroderma associated with BP lesions involving the skin and mucosa. Histologic and direct immunofluorescence examination of skin and mucosal lesions were consistent with the diagnosis of BP associated with a lichenoid dermatitis. Immunoblot analysis of sera detected anti-BPAG1 and anti-BPAG2 antibodies and immunoelectron microscopy showed IgG deposits localized in the lamina lucida and the hemidesmosomes. The 3 patients were natives of an area near the Senegal River and had the common HLA-DR10 haplotype. CONCLUSION: The clinical and histologic features of these 3 patients were distinct from classic LP pemphigoides. Their common geographic origin and the presence of the HLA-DR10 haplotype suggest that these cases represent a particular type of lichenoid erythrodermic BP, which is probably determined by genetic factors.

Adult↗
PubMed1998

Drugs causing fixed eruptions: a study of 450 cases.

BACKGROUND: Drug eruptions are among the most common cutaneous disorders encountered by the dermatologist. Some drug eruptions, although trivial, may cause cosmetic embarrassment and fixed drug eruption (FDE) is one of them. The diagnostic hallmark is its recurrence at previously affected sites. OBJECTIVE: We evaluated 450 FDE patients to determine the causative drugs. RESULTS: The ratio of men to women was 1:1.1. The main presentation of FDE was circular hyperpigmented lesion. Less commonly FDE presented as: nonpigmenting erythema, urticaria, dermatitis, periorbital or generalized hypermelanosis. Occasionally FDE mimicked lichen planus, erythema multiforme, Stevens-Johnson syndrome, paronychia, cheilitis, psoriasis, housewife's dermatitis, melasma, lichen planus actinicus, discoid lupus erythematosus, erythema annulare centrifugum, pemphigus vulgaris, chilblains, pityriasis rosea and vulval or perianal hypermelanosis. Cotrimoxazole was the most common cause of FDE. Other drugs incriminated were tetracycline, metamizole, phenylbutazone, paracetamol, acetylsalicylic acid, mefenamic acid, metronidazole, tinidazole, chlormezanone, amoxycillin, ampicillin, erythromycin, belladonna, griseofulvin, phenobarbitone, diclofenac sodium, indomethacin, ibuprofen, diflunisal, pyrantel pamoate, clindamycin, allopurinol, orphenadrine, and albendazole. CONCLUSIONS: Cotrimoxazole was the most common cause of FDE, whereas FDE with diclofenac sodium, pyrantel pamoate, clindamycin, and albendazole were reported for the first time. FDE may have multiform presentations.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1981

Azathioprine.

Explore the source record for details and available documents.

Arthritis, Rheumatoid↗
PubMed1976

Proper biopsy technique for immunofluorescence tests on skin.

Successful use of direct immunofluorescence tests on skin depends on selection of the appropriate biopsy site, careful preparation of the specimen, and prompt transportation to a reliable laboratory. Recommendations for selection of biopsy sites in various dermatoses and methods available for handling specimens are discussed.

Biopsy↗
PubMed1985

Pathology of an ulcerative dermatitis in Belgian Landrace sows.

Chronic ulcers of the skin were observed in three Belgian Landrace sows. Lesions were located on ears, limbs, and in the mammary region and were resistant to treatment that included corticosteroid therapy. Major histologic changes were located at the dermo-epidermal junction. Ulcers were deep, and the adjacent epidermis had marked hyperkeratosis, acanthosis, and intracellular edema. Dermatitis was prominent, essentially located in the superficial dermis. By electron microscopy, basal lamina appeared disrupted. Dermo-epidermal separation occurred beneath the basal lamina. Collagen was morphologically normal. Desmosomes, hemidesmosomes, and anchorage fibers were present in areas adjacent to lesions. Ulcerative dermatitis of sows is morphologically similar to pemphigus, pemphigoid, systemic lupus erythematosus, epidermolysis bullosa simplex, erythema multiforme, toxic epidermal necrolysis, and drug eruption. However, significant differences exist between ulcerative dermatitis and these conditions.

Animals↗
PubMed2005

Medical dental prophylaxis of endocarditis.

Antibiotics have long been the main reason for the increase in man's longevity. Since their discovery, man has tried to reduce the level of infection by treating with antibiotics. At the same time, prophylactic use has been suggested, although this is controversial. Their routine use is not recommended, and empirical treatments at non-therapeutic doses, and indiscriminately, should be avoided, because they may become dangerous and harmful, causing among other things, the prevalence of resistant microorganisms and the eventual potentiation of an increase in morbid states. Infectious endocarditis is a systemic pathology that can start with a bacteremia, which comes either from dental procedures or/and chronic processes that already existed. Its etiopathogeny consists of a combination of bacteremia and two other factors: Cardiac injury, which can be congenital or/and acquired, and a debilitated immunological system (patients who have transplanted organs, or those who have auto-immune diseases, such as pemphigus vulgaris, systemic lupus erythematosus). The main goal is to prevent or to fight against the transient bacteremia, reducing its intensity and duration, and also to kill the bacteria in at-risk patients. In this way, infectious endocarditis can be prevented; the dental surgeon plays an important role in the prevention of this condition, which joins medical and dental aspects. This can be done by antibiotic prophylaxis. The dentist needs to be acquainted with the medical protocols of the heart health societies.

Anti-Bacterial Agents↗
PubMed1996

Verruciform xanthoma. Case report and literature review.

Verruciform xanthoma is a relatively uncommon lesion. Half of the reported cases occurred in the gingiva or alveolar ridge. In most cases, the clinical impressions are papilloma or verrucous carcinoma, which demonstrates the importance of the clinical and pathological recognition of this lesion. The cause of pathogenesis is still unknown since the first report in 1971. There are some cases reported in conjunction with leukoplakia, carcinoma in situ, pemphigus, and discoid lupus erythematosus (DLE), which merits close evaluation of this disease. This article reports two cases of verruciform xanthoma and reviews the evidence of its pathogenesis from the available literature.

Adult↗
PubMed1976

Clinical use of immunosuppressive drugs: part I.

While immunosuppressive drugs are principally used in the treatment of malignant disease, their use in non-malignant disease and transplantation has become commonplace. The mechanisms of action of immunosuppressive agents differ. Alkylating agents react with nucleophilic centres of D, and rna. Folic acid antagonists prevnt the conversion of dihydrofolic acid to tetrahydrofolic acid. Antibiotics act in a variety of different ways; the alkaloids cause metaphase arrest. Cytarabine (cytosine arabinoside), methotrexate, hydroxyurea and thioguanine act during mitosis and the latter also acts during replication is not known...

Arthritis, Reactive↗
PubMed1955

The status of corticosteroid therapy in dermatology.

Therapy with systemic corticosteroids, despite attendant serious risks, is mandatory in diseases such as pemphigus, acute disseminated lupus erythematosus and some cases of exfoliative dermatitis that are ordinarily fatal, for in such cases life may be prolonged and the patients made comfortable. If no contraindications exist, therapy with corticosteroids is desirable, for diseases of short duration-contact dermatitis, serum sickness reactions and drug eruptions of all kinds-provided the causative factors have been removed and the reactions are causing severe distress.On the basis of encouraging reports in the literature corticosteroid therapy may be instituted with justification for a group of unrelated, intractable and discomforting diseases such as maddening pruritus ani, sclerema neonatorum, dermatomyositis, certain cases of sarcoidosis, berylliosis, Behcet's syndrome, universal calcinosis, Reiter's disease and ulcers of sickle-cell anemia. One must always bear in mind the well-defined contraindications to corticosteroid therapy and the hazards of its use, particularly if therapy is to be prolonged. Results from topical hydrocortisone therapy are particularly pleasing in chronic eczematous otitis externa and especially when it is combined with an antibiotic drug. Results are excellent also in nuchal eczema, dermatitis of the eyelids and in pruritus ani. More often than not, hydrocortisone ointment and lotions benefit more than do other standard remedies such diseases as atopic eczema, contact dermatitis, lichen simplex-chronicus and eczematized phases of conditions such as psoriasis and superficial mycotic infections. Preparations containing a combination of hydrocortisone and an antibiotic are more useful than hydrocortisone alone. When used with discrimination, with full attention to the selection of cases and proper concentration in the correct vehicle, hydrocortisone preparations in combination with antibiotics are excellent antieczematous agents.

Adrenal Cortex↗