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Results for “Radioallergosorbent Test”

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PubMed1993

Asthma, rhinitis, and dermatitis in workers exposed to reactive dyes.

A survey was conducted at 15 textile plants with dyehouses in western Sweden. Employees with a history of work related rhinitis, asthma, or skin symptoms were offered a clinical and immunological investigation including skin prick tests, skin patch tests, and radioallergosorbent tests (RASTs) to detect specific allergy to reactive dyes. Among the 1142 employees, 162 were exposed to reactive dyes and 10 of these (6%) reported work related respiratory or nasal symptoms. An allergy to reactive dyes could be confirmed in five (3%, 95% confidence interval 1-7%). All but one had been exposed to reactive dyes for one year or less before the onset of symptoms. Positive RASTs could be detected in four of the five patients. All of the RAST positive patients were positive to remazol black B, but six out of eight additional remazol dyes also elicited positive results. RAST and RAST inhibition showed a cross reactivity between some of the dyes. Seven persons with work related dermatitis and three with urticaria or Quincke oedema were found. In one patient contact dermatitis to a monoazo dye was shown, but no positive patch test reactions to reactive dyes. IgE-mediated allergy to reactive dyes seems to be an important cause of respiratory and nasal symptoms among dyehouse employees exposed to dust from reactive dyes.

Adult↗

PubMed1989

Release of allergens from Cladosporium conidia.

Sugars and proteins are released from conidia of Cladosporium cladosporioides after incubation in various chemical solutions. Ultrastructural studies demonstrated that these exudates contained components from the outer wall layer and from internal compartments (inner wall and cytoplasm). The allergenicity of the extracts was evaluated using a passive cutaneous anaphylaxis test and radioallergosorbent test. Spore exudates obtained with Tris, NaOH or NaCl displayed the highest allergenic potency. The amount of allergens released was dependent on the incubation media, on the extraction time and on the spore concentration.

Allergens↗

PubMed1992

Diagnostic approaches to the patient with suspected food allergies.

Adverse food reactions may be secondary to food allergy (hypersensitivity) or food intolerance. The clinical manifestations of food allergies depend on the target organ affected. Gastrointestinal, respiratory, and cutaneous symptoms are the most common of the clinical responses. The medical history, physical examination, and various in vivo or in vitro tests are useful in the diagnostic evaluation. Double-blind, placebo-controlled food challenges are the standard for diagnosis of food allergies. Presumptive diagnosis of food allergy based on patient history and on results of skin test or radioallergosorbent test is no longer acceptable, except in cases of severe anaphylaxis after an isolated ingestion of a specific food. Unless the physician provides an unequivocal diagnosis of food allergy, people will continue to alter their eating habits on the basis of misconceptions of food allergy.

Dermatitis, Atopic↗

PubMed1995

Is allergy screening of blood donors necessary? A comparison between questionnaire answers and the presence of circulating IgE antibodies.

We investigated 477 consecutive blood donors on order to find the predictive value of a questionnaire as a screening method for preventing passive transfer of IgE antibodies to common allergens that might cause transfusion reactions. Of the 477 donors, 119 (24.9%) claimed to be allergic and 358 (75.1%) recorded no allergic complaints. Serological examination with Phadiatop and a multi-allergen mix for food (fx5) detected IgE antibodies in only 54.5% of the allegedly allergic blood donors. Among the allegedly asymptomatic donors, 12.3% showed positive results in these tests. Subsequently, radioallergosorbent test analyses with common inhalant and food allergens were performed to specify the IgE responses obtained. Our results demonstrate a remarkable difference between the questionnaire answers and the serological measurements of IgE antibodies and raise the question of whether - and if so, what kind of - allergy screening is warranted among presumptive blood donors.

Adolescent↗

PubMed1991

Cumulative incidence of atopic disorders in high risk infants fed whey hydrolysate, soy, and conventional cow milk formulas.

A recent increase in the prevalence of atopic disorders and the enormous costs of management of atopic patients have prompted attempts at prevention. We have examined the effect of exclusive breast feeding and of feeding different infant formulas on incidence of atopic disease in a prospective randomized controlled study. Seventy-two infants were recruited into each of the following groups: cow milk whey hydrolysate formula (NAN/HA) conventional cow milk formula (Similac), soy-based formula (Isomil), and exclusive breast feeding for greater than 4 months. The cumulative incidence of atopic eczema, recurrent wheezing, rhinitis, gastrointestinal symptoms, and colic were noted. Skin prick tests and radioallergosorbent tests for IgE antibodies to milk and soy were performed. At 12 and 18 months of age, the incidence of atopic eczema as also that of all atopic symptoms was significantly lower and similar in the breast-fed and whey hydrolysate groups, compared with the cow milk and soy formula groups. IgE antibodies were detected more often in the cow milk and soy formula groups, especially the former. Among symptomatic infants, fewer skin positive prick tests were seen in the soy group compared with the cow milk group. Our observations show that among infants at high risk of developing atopic disease because of positive family history, exclusive breast feeding or whey hydrolysate formula is associated with a lower incidence and thus a delay in the occurrence of allergic disorders compared with groups fed conventional cow milk or soy formulas.

Adult↗

PubMed2003

Fig and mulberry cross-allergy.

BACKGROUND: Hypersensitivity reactions to ingestion of figs (Ficus carica) and mulberries (Morus nigra and Morus alba) are considered uncommon and have never been reported as occurring in the same patient. OBJECTIVE: To determine whether hypersensitivity to figs and mulberries can induce cross-allergy. METHODS: We describe 3 cases of associated fig and mulberry allergy in 3 patients with multiple sensitizations to food allergens (mostly fruit) and airborne allergens. The presence of specific IgE was investigated by skin prick tests and radioallergosorbent tests. RESULTS: The 3 patients had a convincing clinical history of food allergy caused by eating fresh figs, and in all 3 cases clinical and/or laboratory evidence of sensitization to mulberries was also collected. CONCLUSIONS: We reason that Ficus and Morus are closely related genera of the Moraceae family and speculate that hypersensitivity to figs and mulberries might be associated as the result of allergen cross-reactivity rather than mere coincidence.

Adult↗

PubMed1979

Determinations of penicilloyl specific IgE antibodies for the evaluation of hypersensitivity against penicillin.

Results from skin tests and radioallergosorbent test (penicilloyl G and penicilloyl V) were compared in 76 patients with suspected penicillin hypersensitivity and in 22 control subjects without such clinical symptoms. The test results were also correlated to the clinical history of adverse reactions and to the levels of total serum IgE. The overall agreement between skin test and RAST results was 89% in the patient group. Two of the control subjects without symptoms were professionally employed with penicillin production; one of them had circulating IgE-antibodies and the other exhibited positive skin tests. The skin tests were more frequently positive than the RAST test. By means of skin titration some of the skin tests were demonstrated to be false positive. The discrepancy can also be explained by the fact that skin reactions also occur in other situations than IgE-mediated adverse reactions. Circulating IgE-antibodies were not found in any of 23 cases where adverse reactions appeared later than 24 h after the latest penicillin administration. It is concluded that the measurement of circulating IgE-antibodies is a valuable aid in the diagnosis of penicillin allergy.

Adolescent↗

PubMed2006

Pectin anaphylaxis and possible association with cashew allergy.

BACKGROUND: Inhalation of pectin has been identified as a cause of occupational asthma. However, allergic reactions to orally ingested pectin have not been reported. OBJECTIVES: To describe a child with pectin-induced food anaphylaxis and to discuss its possible relationship to cashew allergy. METHODS: A 3 1/2-year-old boy developed anaphylaxis once after eating cashews and later after eating a pectin-containing fruit "smoothie." He also has a history of generalized pruritus after eating grapefruit. Skin tests or radioallergosorbent tests (RASTs) were performed to pectin and other suspected food allergens. RESULTS: The child had a positive skin prick test reaction to pectin and a high RAST reaction to cashew and pistachio. He had a low-level positive RAST reaction to grapefruit. Results of allergy tests for the other potential food allergens were negative. The pectin in the smoothie was confirmed to be of citrus origin. Review of previous case reports of pectin-induced occupational asthma revealed several patients with allergies to and cross-reactivity with cashew. CONCLUSIONS: Ingestion, not only inhalation, of pectin can cause hypersensitivity reactions. Cashew, and possibly pistachio, allergy may be associated with pectin allergy, and the possibility of pectin allergy should be considered in cashew- or pistachio-allergic patients who have unexplained allergic reactions.

Anacardium↗

PubMed1994

Immediate allergic reactions to amoxicillin.

A large group of patients with suspected allergic reactions to beta-lactam antibiotics was evaluated. A detailed clinical history, together with skin tests, RAST (radioallergosorbent test), and controlled challenge tests, was used to establish whether patients allergic to beta-lactam antibiotics had selective immediate allergic responses to amoxicillin (AX) or were cross-reacting with other penicillin derivatives. Skin tests were performed with benzylpenicilloyl-poly-L-lysine (BPO-PLL), benzylpenicilloate, benzylpenicillin (PG), ampicillin (AMP), and AX. RAST for BPO-PLL and AX-PLL was done. When both skin test and RAST for BPO were negative, single-blind, placebo-controlled challenge tests were done to ensure tolerance of PG or sensitivity to AX. A total of 177 patients were diagnosed as allergic to beta-lactam antibiotics. We selected the 54 (30.5%) cases of immediate AX allergy with good tolerance of PG. Anaphylaxis was seen in 37 patients (69%), the other 17 (31%) having urticaria and/or angioedema. All the patients were skin test negative to BPO; 49 of 51 (96%) were also negative to MDM, and 44 of 46 (96%) to PG. Skin tests with AX were positive in 34 (63%) patients. RAST was positive for AX in 22 patients (41%) and to BPO in just 5 (9%). None of the sera with negative RAST for AX were positive to BPO. Challenge tests with AX were performed in 23 subjects (43%) to establish the diagnosis of immediate allergic reaction to AX, and in 15 cases (28%) both skin test and RAST for AX were negative. PG was well tolerated by all 54 patients. We describe the largest group of AX-allergic patients who have tolerated PG reported so far. Diagnosis of these patients can be achieved only if specific AX-related reagents are employed. Further studies are necessary to determine the exact extent of this problem and to improve the efficacy of diagnostic methods.

Adolescent↗

PubMed1996

Double blind, placebo controlled food reactions do not correlate to IgE allergy in the diagnosis of staple food related gastrointestinal symptoms.

BACKGROUND: The mechanisms for adverse reactions to foods in the gastrointestinal tract are poorly understood. There is conflicting evidence in the literature on the role for IgE mediated allergy in gastrointestinal reactions to staple foods. AIM: The aim was therefore to study the role of IgE mediated allergy in a group of patients with a history of gastrointestinal symptoms related to staple foods (cows' milk, hens' egg, wheat and rye flour) verified in double blind placebo controlled challenges (DBPCFC). PATIENTS: Fifteen patients with DBPCFC, identified by screening of 96 consecutive patients referred to our allergy clinic for investigation of suspected gastrointestinal symptoms due to staple foods. METHODS: The screening included diaries as well as elimination diets and open and blinded food challenges. The frequency of atopy were compared between the double blind positive and double blind negative patients. RESULTS: The positive DBPCFC in the 15 patients included eight patients with milk intolerance, four with wheat flour, two with egg, and one with rye flour. There was no indications of an allergic pathogenesis in all 15 patients with positive DBPCFC, as the skin prick test and radioallergosorbent test were negative for the relevant allergens. The frequency of atopy was four of 21 (19%) in the double blind negative group and three of 15 (20%) in the double blind positive group. CONCLUSION: In adult patients with staple food induced gastrointestinal symptoms, objectively verified by DBPCFC, there were no indications of IgE mediated allergy to the relevant foods suggesting other mechanisms in adults than in children. Future studies may include measures of local events in the shock organs in relation to food intake, for instance utilising inflammatory markers in jejunal fluids.

Adolescent↗

PubMed1980

Clinical and immunologic studies of patients with large local reactions following insect stings.

During the summer of 1978, 22 patients who had large local reactions following insect stings were evaluated for the development of potential systemic sensitivity. Approximately half the patients had venom IgE antibodies, detected by either the immediate skin test or radioallergosorbent test (RAST). A control group of 26 patients experiencing normal sting reactions had only a 15% incidence of venom-specific IgE. No correlations could be found between the presence of venom-specific IgE and age, sex, sting location, atopic history, or prior stings. IgE antibodies were found in 13 of 17 patients who had experienced local reactions lasting more than 48 hr. Serum venom-specific IgG was detected in only three of 19 patients. These results suggest that following large local reactions from insect stings patients must be individually assessed for the presence of venom-specific IgE and consideration for specific immunotherapy.

Adolescent↗

PubMedDate not supplied

Soluble intercellular adhesion molecule-1 (sICAM-1) in patients with allergic rhinoconjunctivitis.

Intercellular adhesion molecule-1 (ICAM-1), a member of immunoglobulin supergene family with a five-domain structure, is known to play an important role in inflammatory disease. We measured levels of soluble ICAM-1 in sera of 25 patients with allergic rhinoconjunctivitis (7 male, 18 female: age range 14-47 years, mean 29.8 +/- 9.2) and 20 healthy subjects (11 male, 9 female: age range 22-48 years, mean: 33.3 +/- 7.6). All allergic patients had positive history, positive skin prick test and conjunctival provocation test, and radioallergosorbent test for specific allergens. Soluble ICAM-1 in serum samples was determinated by ELISA. The mean serum sICAM-1 levels, in healthy subjects was 193.3 +/- 68.8 ng/ml and in patients with allergic rhinoconjunctivitis was 212.6 +/- 50.9 ng/ml. There were no difference in sICAM-1 levels in both of the groups (P > 0.05). In male patients with allergic rhinoconjunctivitis, sICAM-1 levels (mean: 234.5 +/- 55.0 ng/ml) were higher compared to female patients with allergic rhinoconjunctivitis (mean: 204.1 +/- 48.1 ng/ml) and control group (P < 0.05 and P < 0.05 respectively). Soluble ICAM-1 levels were high in patients with allergic rhinoconjunctivitis who had high level of symptom score.

Adult↗

PubMed1985

Clinical and immunological reactions to Aspergillus niger among workers at a biotechnology plant.

The workforce at a biotechnology plant producing citric acid by fermentation of molasses with a strain of Aspergillus niger was studied. A combination of a respiratory questionnaire and clinical assessment identified 18 subjects (4.9% of the workforce) with work related bronchospasm. In nine of these evidence of sensitisation to A niger was obtained by skin prick tests and radioallergosorbent test (RAST) using as an antigen an extract of the A niger culture fluid from the process. Of the 325 subjects without work related bronchospasm, only nine (2.7%) had a positive prick test. There were no subjects with symptoms of extrinsic allergic alveolitis. Investigation into the source of the antigen showed that whereas, in some areas of the plant, A niger spores were present, in others there were no detectable spores. In these areas, however, extracts of filters from air samplers were shown by RAST inhibition to contain A niger antigens, indicating that the culture fluid was generating airborne antigen. RAST inhibition studies showed that the A niger culture fluid used in the process contained antigens that were not present in a commercially available A niger extract, thus emphasising the importance in this type of investigation of using antigens prepared from material to which the workers are exposed.

Air Pollutants, Occupational↗

PubMed1997

Association of HLA-DQ7 antigen with cow milk protein allergy in Italian children.

In this study we investigated the HLA association with cow milk allergy. Thirty-seven Italian children with cow milk allergy and 35 randomly selected age-matched healthy children as control group were included in the study. DNA typing was performed by restriction fragment length polymorphism (RFLP) technique. We show the first statistically significant positive association between the expression of the HLA-DQ7 antigen and cow milk allergy. Several immunological tests (skin prick test, RIA, radioallergosorbent test (RAST) and ELISA) were performed to evaluate the humoral immune responses of DQ7 positive and DQ7 negative allergic patients. Our results show that among the DQ7 positive patients the majority presented a high humoral response. Furthermore, the in vitro proliferative response of patients to the beta-lactoglobulin antigen was performed to evaluate their cell-mediated immune response. We observed that the number of the nonresponders was higher in the DQ7 positive patients when compared to the DQ7 negative patients. Our data indicate an association of HLA-DQ7 antigen with cow milk protein allergy and that the DQ7 positive patients had a prevalence of humoral rather than cellular responses.

Adolescent↗

PubMed1992

Detection of house dust mite (HDM)-specific IgE antibodies on nasal mast cells from asthmatic patients whose skin prick test and RAST are negative for HDM.

Mast cells are found in nasal smears of pediatric patients with perennial bronchial asthma whose skin prick test and radioallergosorbent test (RAST) are negative for inhalant allergens. IgE antibodies were demonstrated on these mast cells by monoclonal anti-human IgE antibodies, whereas IgG antibodies were not detected by monoclonal anti-IgG antibodies. In order to pursue the causative allergen for asthma in these patients, binding potential between IgE antibodies on nasal mast cells and house dust mite (HDM), the most prevalent aeroallergen, was examined by an immunochemical technique. Out of 9 patients whose skin prick test and RAST were negative for HDM, 7 were found to have HDM-specific IgE antibodies on their nasal smear mast cells. None of these 7 patients had IgE antibodies to cedar pollen, a negative control aero-allergen, on their mast cells. Specific binding of HDM on the mast cells was further confirmed by the fact that nasal mast cells from patients with egg allergy bound egg white but not HDM on their surface. Preincubation of mast cells with anti-IgE antibodies inhibited binding of HDM on the mast cells, indicating that HDM was bound to surface IgE antibodies on the mast cells. These experiments enabled us to expeditiously identify sensitization to an inhalant allergen, such as HDM, in young asthmatic patients whose allergen cannot be found by conventional laboratory diagnostic procedures.

Allergens↗

PubMed1990

Rice pollen allergy in Taiwan.

A panel of tests including intracutaneous skin testing (ST), radioallergosorbent test (RAST), immunoblotting and allergen-induced lymphoproliferation was done to study rice pollen allergy in asthmatic children and to characterize the allergens. Of the 312 asthmatic patients skin tested, 29 (9.3%) had positive reactions (wheal greater than or equal to 6 mm) to rice pollen extract at a concentration of 10(-5) g/mL and the remaining 283 (90.7%) were negative. While eight (34.8%) of the 23 ST-positive patients were also RAST-positive, RAST was negative in all 34 ST-negative patients and 20 normals. Immunoblotting revealed three major allergens, with molecular weights of 16 kD, 26 kD, and 32 kD, respectively. Interestingly, RAST-positive patients showed IgE responses to most allergens but only a few of them had IgG antibodies, while normal controls had stronger IgG responses to the same allergens, particularly to 32 kD, but none had IgE antibody. The preliminary results of rice pollen protein induced-lymphoproliferation were not informative; thus, rice pollen proteins do elicit a specific response in asthmatic children and normals, but its pathogenic role in bronchial asthma needs further study.

Adolescent↗

PubMed1989

[Allergenic and antigenic activities of the osmophilic fungus Wallemia sebi asthmatic patients].

Recently large amounts of Wallemia sebi, a species of osmophilic fungi, have been detected in house dust by low water activity media. The allergenic activity of W. sebi was examined by skin prick tests and radioallergosorbent tests (RAST) in 74 asthmatic patients (mean age 11.7, range 6-32). Aspergillus fumigatus and house dust were used for comparison. In the skin prick tests, W. sebi extract, A. fumigatus extract and house dust extract elicited positive reactions in 4 (5.4%), 4 (5.4%) and 51 (68.9%) patients, respectively. RAST showed positive results in 14 subjects (18.9%) for W. sebi extract, in 8 (10.8%) for A. fumigatus extract and in 59 (79.7%) for house dust extract. These results indicated that some asthmatic individuals showed immediate type hypersensitivity to W. sebi, which means this fungal species may be important as a causative agent in atopic diseases. Additionally, the authors measured W. sebi-specific IgG by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay in asthmatic (n = 28) and non-atopic patients (n = 28). W. sebi-specific IgG was found in sera from all subjects in each group. W. sebi-specific IgG in asthmatics (mean +/- SD = 0.686 +/- 0.160) was significantly higher than that in non-atopics (mean +/- SD = 0.572 +/- 0.188) (p less than 0.01).

Adolescent↗

PubMed1985

Development of food allergies with special reference to cow's milk allergy.

Using strict criteria, the incidence of cow's milk sensitivity is probably 1% to 2% during the first 2 years of life. Although there is a wide spectrum of sensitivity symptoms caused by cow's milk, two major groups of infants are discernible. One group consists of infants who react to small amounts of cow's milk within a few minutes up to one hour, usually with gastrointestinal symptoms or urticaria. These infants are often atopic and have positive findings on skin prick tests and radioallergosorbent test (RAST) reactions to cow's milk allergens. The other group consists of children whose reaction to cow's milk occurs one hour or longer after intake of cow's milk or cow's milk-based formula. These reactions are usually not immunoglobulin (Ig)E-mediated and different immune and nonimmune mechanisms probably cause the symptoms. The risk of developing cow's milk sensitivity seems to be influenced by the atopic constitution of the infant and the age at which cow's milk is introduced. Early exposure to cow's milk increases the risk, not only of adverse reactions to this milk but also of developing allergies to other foods. It is suggested that early introduction of cow's milk may enhance the risk of future respiratory allergies. Allergists are still not in agreement as to whether the weaning process should be rapid or should consist of a gradual change from breast milk to cow's milk in order to minimize the risk of cow's milk allergy.

Age Factors↗