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At least 253 records · Page 14Linked to original sources
PubMed1993

Trauma-induced retinal detachment associated with giant retinal tears.

Giant retinal tears may arise spontaneously, but approximately 25% occur in association with ocular trauma. The clinical findings and results of surgical management in 38 cases of traumatic giant retinal tear seen at Moorfields Eye Hospital in London during a 10-year period are presented. Patients were young (mean age = 29 years) and mostly men (n = 36; 95%). Trauma was penetrating in 14 eyes (37%) and nonpenetrating in 24 (63%). Initial surgical management consisted of pars plana vitrectomy and fluid-silicone oil exchange in the majority of cases. Lensectomy was performed for opacity or dislocation in 23 (61%) eyes. Reattachment was achieved in 34 (89%) eyes 12 months after surgery. Most of the surgical failures occurred in eyes with penetrating trauma. Raised intraocular pressure was an associated problem that required treatment in 12 (32%) eyes. Visual acuity at final follow-up examination ranged from 6/6 to no perception of light (NPL; mean = 6/36). These results compare favorably with published figures for the treatment of spontaneous giant retinal tears.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1975

Prophylaxis of retinal detachment.

The incidence of retinal detachment after prophylactic treatment is between 1 and 14%. In a series of 701 eyes treated prophylactically with photocoagulation or cryopexy (with and without scleral buckling), incidence of retinal detachment was 4.7%. The incidence of new break formation was 8.0%; in 26 eyes, new breaks were responsible for the subsequent formation of retinal detachment; in seven eyes, retinal detachment resulted from inadequate reaction around the treated retinal break. Twenty eyes suffered a deterioration of visual acuity of two or more lines after treatment. The incidence of complications after photocoagulation was higher than after cryopexy, although there was no significant difference in the efficacy between the two methods.

Cryosurgery↗
PubMed1993

Silicone oil tamponade for retinal detachment and delayed treatment of retinal tears.

Four patients underwent a vitrectomy procedure for retinal detachment associated with anterior and posterior proliferative vitreoretinopathy (D-1 type). In each patient, an internal tamponade was achieved with 1000-centistoke silicone oil. Preretinal and/or subretinal hemorrhage that was difficult to remove during surgery, as well as remnants of subretinal fluid, prevented complete intraoperative treatment of the retinal tears or the retinotomy with endolaser photocoagulation. The silicone oil tamponade kept the retina flat until laser treatment was applied to the retinal tears several weeks later, when the retinal blood and subretinal fluid had reabsorbed. When circumstances make achieving intraoperative laser marks difficult, silicone oil tamponade appears to be superior to a long-lasting gas tamponade. It provides a more permanent tamponade than gas and excellent visualization of the fundus several weeks after surgery, at which time laser marks can be completed.

Adult↗
PubMed1997

Vitrectomy for the management of recurrent retinal detachments.

Repair of rhegmatogenous retinal detachment is successful in approximately 90% of cases. Assuming all retinal breaks are identified and closed, the most common reason for eventual failure of surgery is the development of proliferative vitreoretinopathy, accounting for the failure of 7% to 10% of primary repairs and an increased proportion of secondary procedures. Recurrent retinal detachment complicated by proliferative vitreoretinopathy is now most frequently treated by pars plana vitrectomy with intraoperative peeling of membranes. During the 1990s, a better understanding of the nature of recurrent retinal detachment due to proliferative vitreoretinopathy has grown concomitantly with more experience using various vitreoretinal techniques to manage these complicated cases. This article reviews the latest developments in vitreous surgery to repair recurrent retinal detachments due to proliferative vitreoretinopathy, focusing on the most recent reports in the literature.

Animals↗
PubMed1979

Intraretinal macrocysts in retinal detachment.

Seven cases of retinal detachment were associated with ophthalmoscopically visible macrocysts. These cysts were associated with long-standing retinal detachment, particularly of the traumatic type with retinal dialysis. They arose from the outer plexiform layer of the retina. In four cases, the macrocyst extended to the ora serrata. Most macrocysts require no specific attention during retinal detachment repair. If the cyst prevents closure of the primary retinal break, we advocate its surgical drainage. Four cases in the present series required surgical collapse of the macrocyst.

Adolescent↗
PubMed2001

Massive choroidal detachment masking overlying primary rhegmatogenous retinal detachment: a case series.

Choroidal detachment (CD) along with primary rhegmatogenous retinal detachment (RRD) as a presenting finding is a well-recognised association. The pathogenesis appears to revolve around the hypotony induced by the primary RRD and an unstable choroidal vascular system. We present 3 patients with massive CD with minimal or no overlying RRD, initially misdiagnosed as a CD due to other causes. Since the correct diagnosis may be delayed, such cases form a real challenge in differential diagnosis and management. The underlying cycle where the retinal defect of a primary RRD is buckled by a CD, followed by the regression of the latter and the recurrence of the RRD is demonstrated.

Aged↗
PubMed1994

Retinal detachment in patients with acquired immunodeficiency syndrome.

Cytomegalovirus retinopathy is the most frequent opportunistic infection of the eye in patients with acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (AIDS). We studied 71 patients with cytomegalovirus retinopathy (n = 69) or acute retinal necrosis (n = 2) with respect to the frequency and management of retinal detachment. Retinal detachment was seen in 14 patients (relative frequency, 19.7%). In 2 patients, the retinal detachment was bilateral. In 5 patients, pars plana vitrectomy and silicone-oil tamponade was performed, and in 1 of these patients scleral buckling was applied before vitrectomy. In 3 other patients scleral buckling was performed, and 1 of these individuals had sulfur-hexafluoride injection. In 8 eyes (6 patients), retinal detachment occurred in eyes with completely burned-out retinopathy without relevant function, and no surgical treatment was performed. Long-term retinal reattachment was seen in all 5 patients undergoing pars plana vitrectomy with silicone-oil tamponade. Visual acuity was preserved until the last follow-up in 4 of these 5 patients. In the patients undergoing a buckling procedure alone, no anatomic or functional success was observed. During vitrectomy, reduced retinal vascular perfusion and blood-flow sludging was observed in 2 patients. As the duration of survival of patients with AIDS and cytomegalovirus retinopathy or acute retinal necrosis is increasing, more cases of retinal detachment will be observed. Overall, 5% of patients with AIDS are expected to develop retinal detachment. In conclusion, treatment of cytomegalovirus-associated retinal detachment by pars plana vitrectomy with silicone-oil tamponade seems to be successful and safe and may maintain the patient's quality of life.

AIDS-Related Opportunistic Infections↗
PubMed1978

B-scan ultrasonography of retinal detachments.

Characteristic ultrasonsographic patterns of retinal detachment in a variety of clinical circumstances are demonstrated and discussed. Uncomplicated retinal detachment consists of ultrasonically detected retinal detachment without associated pathology in the vitreous, subretinal space, or choroid. The simultaneous detection of lesions in one or more of these areas may be a source of diagnostic confusion. Acoustic diagnostic criteria for differentiation of associated conditions in complicated retinal detachments are demonstrated and discussed. High resolution A-scan and B-scan ultrasonography provides a method for detection and diagnosis of retinal detachment, associated ocular pathology, and simulating conditions.

Choroid Neoplasms↗