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Results for “Root Resorption”

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PubMed2000

Apical inflammatory root resorption: a correlative radiographic and histological assessment.

AIM: To assess the reliability of routine single radiographs in the diagnosis of inflammatory apical root resorption by correlating the radiographic and histological findings. METHODOLOGY: The material comprised serial and step serial sections of plastic-embedded root-apices with attached apical periodontitis lesions that were prepared for a previous study and the diagnostic radiographs. The histological sections of 114 specimens were analysed by light microscopy and categorized into three groups: (i) those without any resorption (0); (ii) those with moderate resorption (+); and (iii) those with severe resorption (+ +). The radiographs were examined by a separate examiner and graded with a similar categorization of no resorption (0); moderate (+); and severe (+ +) apical resorption. RESULTS: Radiographically, 19% of the teeth were diagnosed as having apical inflammatory root resorption, whereas histologically, 81% of the teeth revealed apical inflammatory root resorption. A correlative radiographic and histological assessment (n = 104) revealed a coincidence of diagnosis in 7% of the specimens and noncoincidence of diagnosis in 76% of the specimens. CONCLUSIONS: The results indicate that routine single radiographs are not sufficiently accurate or sensitive to consistently diagnose apical root resorptive defects developing as a consequence of apical periodontitis.

Dental Cementum↗

PubMed2002

Electronic determination of root canal length in primary teeth with and without root resorption.

AIM: To test an electrical device for determining root canal length in primary teeth in vitro, and to compare it with the radiographic length measurement. METHODOLOGY: Two examiners determined the root canal length of 24 extracted maxillary primary incisors (12 with visible root resorption and 12 without) using an electrical root canal meter (Tri Auto ZX, Morita, Dietzenbach, Germany). The instrument was left in the root canal after the second examination and a radiograph was taken. The whole tooth was cleared by immersion in methylsalicylate and subsequently photographed. Both radiographs and photographs of cleared teeth were measured and compared with the electronic measurements. RESULTS: The evaluation of the radiographs showed a mean distance between the instrument tips and apices of 0.60 (+/- 0.41) mm; evaluation of the cleared teeth showed an equivalent distance of 0.62 (+/- 0.40) mm. The mean distance between instrument tip and acceptable working length (determined with the clearing method) was 0.26 (+/- 0.24) mm in teeth without resorption and 0.29 (+/- 0.30) mm in teeth with resorption. CONCLUSION: The presence of resorption in primary teeth did not affect the accuracy of electrical measurement of root canal length in vitro. The application of this method in primary teeth should be evaluated further.

Confidence Intervals↗

PubMedDate not supplied

Tooth root resorption associated with a familial bone dysplasia affecting mother and daughter.

The dental findings are presented of a mother and daughter who suffer from an as yet unclassified bone dysplasia that shows features of both hereditary hyperphosphatasia and familial expansile osteolysis. Both patients have experienced progressive root resorption of permanent teeth, deafness, and high alkaline phosphatase levels. The mother has a more advanced bone dysplasia which has led to progressive skeletal deformity and bone pain. The kindred is consistent with an autosomal dominant pattern, and the mutation(s) is thought to be in chromosome 18q21-22 region. Conventional treatment strategies of root resorption offer only a poor prognosis for the dentition. Therapy using alendronate, a bisphosphonate compound and a potent inhibitor of osteoclastic activity, has reduced alkaline phosphatase levels, bone pain, and may offer an effective strategy to prevent tooth root resorption in this group of diseases.

Adult↗

PubMed2001

Immunolocalization of vacuolar-type H+-ATPase, cathepsin K, matrix metalloproteinase-9, and receptor activator of NFkappaB ligand in odontoclasts during physiological root resorption of human deciduous teeth.

To investigate the cellular mechanisms of physiological root resorption in human deciduous teeth, the authors examined the immunocytochemical localization of vacuolar-type H+-ATPase, a lysosomal cysteine proteinase, cathepsin K, matrix metalloproteinase-9 (MMP-9), and receptor activator of NFKB ligand (RANKL) in odontoclasts. H+-ATPase, cathepsin K, and MMP-9 are the most important enzymes for decalcification of apatite crystals and degradation of type-I collagen. In addition, RANKL is one of the key regulatory molecules in osteoclast formation and functions. Odontoclasts developed extensive ruffled borders and clear zones apposed to the resorbing root dentine surfaces. On immunoelectron microscopy, the expression of vacuolar-type H+-ATPase was detected along the limiting membranes of pale vacuoles and the ruffled border membranes of odontoclasts. Cathepsin K in odontoclasts was localized within pale vacuoles, lysosomes, the extracellular canals of ruffled borders, and the underlying resorbing dentine surfaces. MMP-9 localization in odontoclasts was similar to those of cathepsin K. RANKL was detected in both mononuclear stromal cells and odontoclasts located on resorbing dentine surfaces. These results suggest that (1) odontoclasts are directly involved in decalcification of apatite crystals by active extrusion of proton ions mediated by H+-ATPase and (2) extracellular degradation of dentine type-I collagen by both cathepsin K and MMP-9, and (3) odontoclast differentiation and activity are regulated, at least in part, by RANKL, possibly produced by mononuclear stromal cells and odontoclasts themselves in the resorbing tissues. Thus, the cellular mechanisms of physiological root resorption appear to be quite similar to those of osteoclastic bone resorption.

Carrier Proteins↗

PubMed1994

Extensive idiopathic apical root resorption. A case report.

Multiple idiopathic external apical root resorption is an unusual phenomenon. A brief review of cases in the literature is presented as well as a report of a patient with severe resorption. No significant systemic, dental, or familial findings could be identified as a possible cause. Careful chronologic radiographic documentation showed that roots with normal length began to resorb several years earlier, and the resorption continued over a defined period of time, terminating spontaneously before tooth loss or obvious pulp damage. Because the pathogenesis is generally unknown, no specific treatment modalities exist at present.

Adult↗

PubMed2007

A radiographic analysis of external apical root resorption of maxillary incisors during active orthodontic treatment.

External apical root resorption (EARR) is an undesirable consequence of orthodontic treatment. The purpose of this study was to measure the amount of EARR and to examine its clinical significance in maxillary incisors, during a 12-month active treatment period. A further aim was to examine the contribution of gender, treatment technique, treatment duration, and extraction of maxillary first premolars to EARR. The sample comprised 151 maxillary incisor teeth in 40 patients (16 males, 24 females) aged 12-22 years, with different malocclusions. Standard periapical radiographs, using the long-cone paralleling technique, were obtained before and 6 and 12 months after the start of treatment. Quantitative measurements for 80 central and 71 lateral maxillary incisors were performed separately and corrected for image distortion. Root length reduction was calculated in millimetres and in terms of the percentage of the original root length. Resorption of more than 1 mm at 12 months of active treatment was considered to be clinically significant. On average, the degree of EARR for the maxillary central incisors was 0.77 +/- 0.42 and 1.67 +/- 0.64 mm, respectively, during the 6- and 12-month follow-up (P < 0.001). For the lateral incisors, the degree of EARR was 0.88 +/- 0.51 and 1.79 +/- 0.66 mm, respectively (P < 0.001). Clinically significant resorption was found for 74 per cent of the centrals and 82 per cent of the laterals. No significant correlation was observed between EARR and treatment technique. EARR was found to be correlated with gender for the lateral incisors. The effect of treatment duration (P < 0.001) and premolar extraction (P < 0.001) was statistically significant for both tooth groups.

Adolescent↗

PubMed1995

Repair of orthodontically induced root resorption in adolescents.

The aim of this investigation was to study the reparative potential of orthodontically induced root resorption. Sixty-four maxillary right and left first premolars in 32 patients (15 boys and 17 girls, mean age 13.7 years) were moved buccally with fixed orthodontic appliances and a continuous force of 50 cN (approximately 50 g), activated weekly for 6 weeks. The patients were divided into 4 groups of 8. Retention periods varied from 1 week to 8 weeks. Histological preparations showed that root resorption affected all the test teeth. The percentage of resorptive areas that had begun to repair ranged from 28% after 1 week of retention to 75% after 8 weeks. The healing cementum was almost exclusively of the cellular type. Partial repair, with the resorption cavity walls only partially covered with cementum, was the most frequent type of repair during the first 4 weeks of retention (17% to 31%). Functional repair, with the total surface of the resorption cavity walls covered with varying thicknesses of cementum, dominated after 5, 6, 7 and 8 weeks of retention (33% to 40%). There were no large differences in the healing potential in the cervical, middle, and apical thirds of the root. After 8 weeks, three out of four resorptive areas showed some degree of repair. Individual variations in healing potential were large.

Adolescent↗

PubMed2005

[Correlation study between sex and age of patients and root resorption after orthodontic treatment].

PURPOSE: To investigate the relationship between root resorption related to fixed appliance and the variables including sex, age. METHODS: 44 patients were divided into four groups according to sex and age: juvenile males, juvenile females, adult males, adult females. The length of incisors was calculated according to orthopantomograph and study models of pre- and post-treatment, and the relationship between patients' sex and age and root absorption pre- and post-treatment was analyzed by paired t test. RESULTS: Root absorption occurred in every patient. There was no significant difference between the same-age groups of males and females (P<0.05); However, there was significant difference between adult groups (both males and females) and juvenile groups (P<0.01). CONCLUSION: Root absorption occurs in every fixed-appliance case. Fixed-appliance-caused root absorption has no significant correlation with sex;however, absorption of adult groups is of higher level than that of juvenile groups.

Adolescent↗

PubMed2006

Treatment of external inflammatory root resorption after autogenous tooth transplantation: case report.

This paper describes a case of autogenous tooth transplantation. An external inflammatory root resorption developed in a 30-year-old female patient and was successfully treated with the placement of calcium hydroxide-based intracanal dressings. Autotransplantation of tooth 32 into the extraction socket of tooth 30 was carried out with no intraoperative complications and uneventful postoperative course. However, the patient did not appear on the 14th postoperative day to initiate endodontic therapy of the transplanted tooth. She did not return for 3 months, at which time the clinical and periapical radiographic examinations revealed the presence of external inflammatory root resorption. Endodontic treatment was initiated immediately. Root canals were prepared and filled with a calcium hydroxide-based intracanal dressing (Calen paste), changed every 21 days during a 6-month period, and were thereafter obturated with Sealapex calcium hydroxide-based sealer and gutta-percha points. After 2 years of follow-up, the transplanted tooth was symptom free with no exacerbated sensibility to percussion, normal mobility, occlusion, and masticatory function. Probing revealed no periodontal pockets or other pathological signs. Radiographic examination showed the periradicular area with normal appearance, completely healed resorption areas, and presence of an intact lamina dura.

Adult↗

PubMed1989

[Severe root resorption of maxillary incisors and ectopic eruption of maxillary canine].

A 12-year-old female with severe root resorption in the maxillary left central and lateral incisors (Case 1) and a 27-years-old female with the maxillary left canine erupted in the position of the central incisor (Case 2) were examined and treated. The findings and treatment procedures were as follows: 1. In Case 1, severe root resorption was caused by the ectopic eruption of the canine. On the lingual surface, the resorption had proceeded to a part of enamel. 2. In the Case 1, after the central and lateral incisors were extracted, the canine was carefully guided into the position of the lateral incisor. 3. In Case 2, treatment was not performed, because the chief compliant was carious lesions and the patient did not mind the malposition of the canine. 4. In both Case 1 and 2, the main reason of ectopic eruption of canines was presumably not a discrepancy between the tooth material and the basal arch length but the malposition of the tooth germ and/or abnormal eruption process of the canine.

Adolescent↗

PubMed2001

Apical root resorption in patients treated with comprehensive orthodontics.

External apical root resorption (EARR) is a common--but seldom extreme--consequence of orthodontic treatment. Incisors are most at risk, perhaps because of their single roots and because they typically are moved farther than other teeth. We followed a cohort of patients (n = 153) treated with comprehensive orthodontics. EARR was scored on the upper incisors with a qualitative five-grade ordinal scale. There was no EARR at the start of treatment, but most (> 80%) exhibited slight-to-moderate EARR by the end of treatment (i.e., a loss of 1-2 mm). Cases treated with premolar extractions experienced more EARR because their incisors were retracted farther; however, the sum of the effects of patients' sex and age, and severity of the malocclusion, and the kind of mechanics used accounts for little of the overall variation in EARR. Instead, it appears that genetically-based inter-individual variation in susceptibility to EARR is the most influential factor. Research should be directed at understanding the biochemical nature of susceptibility so prospective patients can be screened to identify those at particular risk.

Adolescent↗

PubMed1997

Tissue characteristics of root resorption areas in transplanted maxillary canines.

The aim of the present study was to describe some histopathologic features of tissues collected from root resorption areas of maxillary canines after transalveolar transplantation surgery. In 8 of 101 transplanted canines, complications including cervical root resorption occurred between 6 and 11 years after treatment. The resorptive processes were located at the supra-alveolar portions of the distal and/or mesial aspects of the teeth and were scheduled for treatment involving surgical exploration. The resorption cavities, which extended from the cementoenamel junction to a position immediately below the bone crest, were filled with a granulation tissue. In four of the diagnosed complication cases, this granulation tissue was carefully excised concomitant with the adjacent gingival tissue after flap elevation and placed in a buffered fixative. After proper soft-tissue healing, the cavities were filled with a glass-ionomer material. The collected biopsy specimens were, after fixation and, in one case, decalcification in ethylenediaminetetraacetic acid, dehydrated and embedded in Epon. Sections 3 microns thick were produced, stained in periodic acid-Schiff and toluidine blue, and used for histometric and morphometric analyses. The histologic analysis showed that the dissected tissue harbored well-encapsulated areas of inflammatory infiltrates. The lesions comprised a relatively low volume of collagen and a large number of inflammatory cells, predominantly lymphocytes.

Adult↗

PubMed1994

Timing of calcium hydroxide therapy in the treatment of root resorption in replanted teeth in dogs.

The effect of time of the onset of calcium hydroxide (CH) pulpectomy on root resorption of 31 permanent dog incisors was investigated. CH pulpectomy was delayed 4, 9, 14 and 18 days after the teeth were extracted and replanted. Control teeth were replanted 1) without pulpectomy, 2) with a pulpectomy only or 3) with a pulpectomy and CH filling. All teeth were prepared for histologic evaluation 8 weeks after the teeth were replanted. Cross section were examined using a computer microscope and linear (micron) and/or square areas (micron 2) of surface (SRR), inflammatory (IRR), and replacement (RRR) root resorption were calculated. From this data the percentage of linear and area resorption was averaged for each group. Duncan multiple range t-test (P < or = 0.05) revealed that teeth in which a pulpectomy with CH filling was done extraorally had significantly greater SRR than the rest of the groups; teeth in which a pulpectomy without CH filling was done extraorally had significantly greater RRR than teeth in which CH pulpectomy was delayed for 18 days; there was no significant difference in SRR, IRR or RRR when CH placement was delayed 4, 9, 14 or 18 days after replantation. Although it was not significant the overall resorption was least when CH pulpectomy was delayed 18 days.

Animals↗

PubMed1989

Multiple external root resorption.

Presented is an unusual case of multiple external root resorption. Although the cause of this resorption was not determined, several possibilities are presented. Trauma from occlusion, periodontal and pulpal inflammation, and resorption of idiopathic origin are all discussed as possible causes.

Adult↗

PubMed1989

Long-term evaluation of root resorption occurring during orthodontic treatment.

The present study was undertaken to evaluate the long-term status of teeth that had undergone root resorption during active orthodontic treatment. A total of 100 patients who exhibited root resorption during appliance therapy were recalled at a mean period of 14.1 years (SD 0.4) after treatment. At those examinations full-mouth sets of periapical radiographs were taken and tooth mobility evaluated. Pretreatment, posttreatment, and long-term periapical radiographs were examined and compared for changes in root length and contour with time. At each stage scores were given on a scale from 0 to 4, depending on the degree of resorption. The maxillary incisors were affected more frequently and to a greater degree than the rest of the teeth during active treatment. The long-term evaluation showed no apparent changes after appliance removal except remodeling of rough and sharp edges. Hypermobility was observed in only two instances.

Adolescent↗

PubMedDate not supplied

Atypical root resorption of maxillary primary central incisors due to digital sucking: a report of 82 cases.

To illustrate particular patterns of apical root resorption in primary maxillary central incisors of digital suckers, the radiographs of patients in a private pedodontic practice were evaluated. All cases in this study displayed one of four typical forms of apical root resorption. Radiographic findings appeared in children as young as twenty-five months of age.

Child, Preschool↗

PubMed1998

The early reparative process of orthodontically induced root resorption in adolescents--location and type of tissue.

The aim of this investigation was to determine the pattern of repair of root resorption regarding the location and type of tissue in adolescents after application of a well-controlled force magnitude. In 16 adolescents (mean age 13.8 years), the maxillary first premolars were buccally moved with a weekly reactivated force of 50 cN (approximately 50 g) for 6 weeks following which the appliance was made passive for 2, 3, 6, and 7 weeks. The subjects were divided into two groups of eight individuals for which the retention periods were 2 and 6 weeks (Group I), or 3 and 7 weeks (Group II), implying intra-individual differences of 4 weeks. Reparative cementum in the resorption cavities was seen in all test teeth, significantly more often after 6 and 7 weeks of retention (82 per cent) compared with 2 and 3 weeks (35 and 44 per cent, respectively). The reparative process appeared to commence in the bottom of the resorption cavity, frequently covered by a thin layer of acellular cementum. However, most of the reparative cementum was of the cellular type and always covered the initially formed acellular cementum. There were great individual variations regarding the occurrence of healing of orthodontically-induced root resorption.

Adolescent↗

PubMed2005

Apical root resorption six and 12 months after initiation of fixed orthodontic appliance therapy.

The low explained variance of identified risk factors for apical root resorption in orthodontic patients suggests effects of parameters related to individual predisposition. Our purpose was to explore this hypothesis. We evaluated standardized periapical radiographs of the maxillary incisors made before treatment (T1) as well as at about six and 12 months after bracket placement (T2 and T3) of 247 patients aged 10.1 to 57.1 years at T1. The radiographs were converted to digital images, and commercially available software was used to correct for differences in projection. The results showed that 20.2%, 7.7%, and 5.3% of the patients had > or =1 tooth with >2.0, 3.0, and 4.0 mm resorption at T3, respectively. Pearson's correlation revealed an association between resorption from T1 to T2 and from T2 to T3 (P < .01). The risk of > or =1 tooth with >1.0 mm resorption from T2 to T3 was 3.8 times higher (95% CI 2.4-6.0) in patients with > or =1 tooth with >1.0 mm from T1 to T2 than in those without. Also, resorption was more pronounced (P < .001) from T2 to T3 in patients with > or =1 tooth with >1.0 mm and >2.0 resorption from T1 to T2 than in those without. The explained variance of identified risk factors was <10%. Orthodontic patients with detectable root resorption during the first six months of active treatment are more likely to experience resorption in the following six-month period than those without.

Adolescent↗