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At least 253 records · Page 14Linked to original sources
PubMed2001

Differential involvement of dendritic cell subsets during acute Salmonella infection.

Within murine CD11c(+) dendritic cells (DC), CD8alpha+, CD8alpha-CD4+, and CD8alpha-CD4- subsets are defined. This study characterized the localization, number, and function of these subsets during acute Salmonella typhimurium infection. Immunohistochemical and flow cytometric analyses of spleens from mice orally infected with virulent S. typhimurium revealed that in situ redistribution and alteration in the absolute number and function of DC occurred in a subset-specific manner during infection. CD8alpha-CD4+ DC present at B cell follicle borders in the spleen of naive mice were absent 5 days post-Salmonella infection, despite no overall change in the absolute number of CD8alpha-CD4+ splenic DC. CD8alpha+ and CD8alpha-CD4- DC were prominently associated with the red pulp, and the frequency of these cells increased strikingly 5 days post-Salmonella infection. Significant quantitative increases in both CD8alpha+ and CD8alpha-CD4- subsets were associated with the in situ redistribution. Examination of Salmonella-infected TAP1(-/-)/beta(2)-microglobulin(-/-) mice, which lack CD8alpha+ T cells, confirmed the differential subset-specific modulations in the DC populations both in situ and quantitatively. Ex vivo intracellular cytokine analysis showed significantly increased frequencies of CD8alpha(+) DC producing TNF-alpha at days 2 and 5 postinfection. In contrast, CD4+ DC producing TNF-alpha were transiently increased followed by a significant reduction. No significant increase in IL-12p40 or IL-10 production by splenic DC was detected during the first 5 days post-S. typhimurium infection. Together these data reveal differential modulation of splenic DC subsets with regard to organization, number, and cytokine production during the course of acute Salmonella infection.

Acute Disease↗
PubMed2004

Cytokines in Salmonella infections.

Cytokines are intercellular signal molecules involved in the immune pathogenesis of infectious diseases. Cytokine mediated pathological alterations are mainly attributable to an imbalance in cytokine production. Experimental and clinical studies have documented the fact that Salmonella infections induce a Th1 dependent immune response and interferon-gamma and interleukin-12 are central to its genesis. Salmonella endotoxins, flagellins and porins are among the chief mediators of cytokine release. Lectin binding proteins, Toll-like receptors, transcription factors and various cells also contribute to this process. Serum and local (fecal) cytokine determination in salmonellosis provides evidence on the immune events occurring after antigen challenge. They might also serve as clinical and prognostic markers of disease severity and outcome. Recent studies are focused on the effect and interaction between pro-inflammatory (interleukin-1, interferon-gamma and tumor necrosis factor) and anti-inflammatory cytokines (interleukin-10).

Acute-Phase Reaction↗
PubMed1997

Surgical experience with Salmonella-infected aneurysms of the abdominal aorta.

Five patients, aged between 64 and 75 years with Salmonella-infected abdominal aortic aneurysms were surgically treated between 1993 and 1995 at the National Cheng Kung University Hospital. Cultures of aneurysmal wall tissue and blood yielded Salmonella enteritidis Group B in three patients and Salmonella choleraesuis in the remaining two. All patients presented with fever and abdominal or back pain. Pulsatile masses were noted in only two patients. Infrarenal abdominal infected aneurysms were demonstrated by computed tomography and aortography in each patient. The five patients underwent aneurysmal resection with in situ graft reconstruction from 1 to 20 days after the diagnosis was made. The graft was wrapped with an omental pedicle. Duodenal repair was performed in one patient due to an aortoduodenal fistula found during surgery. He died 19 days after surgery because of duodenal leakage and uncontrolled sepsis. Four patients survived and remained well 11 to 34 months (mean, 25 mo) after surgery. Postoperatively, only one patient developed adhesion ileus and required enterolysis. Parenteral antimicrobial therapy was continued in all patients after surgery for 2 to 4 weeks; only one patient had an additional 4 months of oral antibiotics. Although the number of patients was small, the survival rate was high, at 80%. Our experience suggests that Salmonella-infected aneurysms of the abdominal aorta can be successfully treated by resection of the aneurysm with extensive debridement followed by in situ graft interposition with omentum wrapping. Once diagnosed, the patients should be scheduled for surgery as soon as possible. Antibiotics should be continued parenterally for at least 2 to 4 weeks postoperatively. While long-term suppressive antibiotic therapy is usually recommended, it might not be essential with our surgical approach.

Aged↗
PubMed2000

Salmonella infection of a ventricular aneurysm with mural thrombus.

We describe a case of salmonella infection of a left ventricular aneurysm with a mural thrombus and review 12 cases described in the literature. This entity should be looked for in any patient with persistent or relapsing salmonella bacteremia in whom an intracardiac thrombus is demonstrated. Nuclear imaging may help in the diagnosis. A combined medical and surgical approach should be aggressively pursued because patients who do not undergo an aneurysmectomy are unlikely to survive.

Aged↗
PubMed1984

Protection of chicks against salmonella infection induced by spray application of intestinal microflora in the hatchery.

The efficacy of spray application of intestinal microflora of the adult bird in protection of broilers against salmonella infections was studied in 3 experiments under laboratory and field conditions. In chicks treated soon after hatching (in the hatchers at approximately 30 per cent hatch or in the chick delivery boxes in the hatchery) with crop-caecum homogenate or a mixture of aerobically and strict anaerobically cultured intestinal flora, very good results were achieved. A very obvious protective effect against a high infection dose (3 X 10(6) c.f.u.S. infantis bacteria per chick) and complete protection against natural infection with different salmonella types was induced. A significant improvement of growth rate was observed in broilers treated by spray in the hatchery and reared for 7 weeks under field conditions in an environment heavily contaminated with different salmonella types.

Animals↗
PubMed1979

Observations on Salmonella infections of birds.

During the period 1961 to 1976, 29 species of Salmonella other than Salmonella pullorum were isolated from 180 accessions of birds examined at the Animal Research Institute, Yeerongpilly. These birds were submitted to the laboratory from flocks with disease or production problems. S. typhimurium was the most frequently isolated serotype being obtained from 63% of accessions. Outbreaks of systemic salmonellosis occurred most frequently in young birds and although pathological changes were most commonly observed in visceral organs they were also seen in eyes, joints and the brain. Diseases other than salmonellosis were identified in many accessions of birds with systemic or enteric salmonella infections.

Animals↗
PubMed2005

Activation, cytokine production, and intracellular survival of bacteria in Salmonella-infected human monocyte-derived macrophages and dendritic cells.

Salmonella enterica serovar typhimurium (S. typhimurium) is an intracellular pathogen causing localized gastroenteritis in humans. Macrophages (Mphis) and dendritic cells (DCs) play an important role in innate immunity against Salmonella. In this report, we have compared the consequences of infection of human Mphis and DCs with wild-type S. typhimurium and an isogenic PgtE-defective strain. PgtE is an outer membrane protein hypothesized to have a role in intracellular survival of Salmonella. We observed that DCs undergo full maturation in response to Salmonella infection, as indicated by up-regulation of cell-surface marker proteins CD80, CD83, CD86, and human leukocyte antigen class II. CC chemokine ligand 5 (CCL5), CXC chemokine ligand 10, tumor necrosis factor alpha, interleukin (IL)-12, and IL-18 gene expression and protein production were readily induced by Salmonella-infected Mphis and DCs. CCL20 was preferentially produced by Mphis, whereas DCs secreted higher levels of CCL19 as compared with Mphis. DCs and Mphis infected with S. typhimurium also produced high levels of interferon-gamma (IFN-gamma). Cytokine neutralization and stimulation experiments suggest that the production was partly regulated by Salmonella-induced type I IFNs, IL-12, and IL-18. DC cytokine production induced by Salmonella was much higher as compared with the responses induced by Salmonella lipopolysaccharide or flagellin. Mphis and DCs were capable of internalizing and harboring Salmonella for several days. S. enterica PgtE provided no survival advantage for the bacteria in human Mphis or DCs. Our results demonstrate that although Mphis and DCs share similar functions, they may have different roles during Salmonella infection as a result of differential production of certain chemokines and cytokines.

Antigens, Surface↗
PubMed1997

Salmonella infection acquired from reptilian pets.

Two children presented with signs and symptoms of gastroenteritis. Salmonella chameleon was isolated from the stool of one child and also from an iguana kept in the home as a pet. Salmonella arizonae was isolated from the stool of the other child and also from four snakes sharing the same household. Exotic reptiles are unsuitable pets to share the home environment with infants.

Animals↗
PubMed1992

[Focal urinary Salmonella infection].

A case of focal Salmonella sp. urinary infection in an elderly diabetic patient is described herein. The therapeutic approach in this uncommon type of infection is discussed.

Aged↗
PubMed1994

Mouse T lymphocytes that express a gamma delta T-cell antigen receptor contribute to resistance to Salmonella infection in vivo.

Mice depleted of lymphocytes expressing the alpha beta or the gamma delta T-cell receptor for antigen (TCR) by antibody treatment were infected orally with Salmonella enteritidis. In both groups of treated mice, the 50% lethal dose decreased, suggesting that both the alpha beta TCR+ and the gamma delta TCR+ subsets contribute to resistance to oral infection. These data provide further evidence for the contribution of gamma delta T cells in the response to bacterial infections.

Animals↗