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At least 253 records · Page 14Linked to original sources
PubMed1980

Single-dose penicillin prophylaxis against neonatal group B streptococcal infections. A controlled trial in 18,738 newborn infants.

Neonatal Group B streptococcal infections may not respond to antimicrobial therapy and have been associated with case fatality rates of 50 per cent or greater. We evaluated the effect on colonization and disease rates of a single intramuscular dose of aqueous penicillin G given at birth in a prospectively controlled study of 18,738 neonates during a 25-month period. The colonization rate in the mothers was 26.6 per cent, with 50 per cent concordance in the untreated infants and 12.2 per cent in the penicillin-treated infants (P < 0.001). There was a significant decrease in the incidence of disease caused by all penicillin-susceptible organisms in the penicillin group (0.64 vs. 2.26 cases per thousand live births, P = 0.005). Disease caused by penicillin-resistant pathogens was increased in the penicillin-treated group during the first year of the study but was unaffected during the second year. Routine administration of parenteral penicillin at birth cannot be recommended until the effect on the incidence of disease caused by penicillin-resistant pathogens is fully defined.

Bacteria↗
PubMed2005

Case report: severe acute Parkinsonism associated with streptococcal infection and antibasal ganglia antibodies.

We report the case of a young man who presented with a severe acute akinetic-rigid disorder 2 weeks after complete recovery from an episode of pharyngitis. Magnetic resonance imaging scan abnormalities strikingly localized to the basal ganglia were accompanied by serological evidence of recent streptococcal infection and the presence of anti-basal ganglia antibodies in the serum. The case represents an unusually clear example in the spectrum of inflammatory neurological disorders associated with streptococcal infection, an etiology that should be considered in the differential diagnosis of all acute onset movement disorders.

Acute Disease↗
PubMed1984

Donor-to-host transmission of streptococcal infection by corneas stored in McCarey-Kaufman medium.

Two patients developed streptococcal endophthalmitis following penetrating keratoplasty. These cases may represent the third and fourth cases of donor-to-host transmission of streptococcal infection by corneas stored in McCarey-Kaufman (M-K) medium. Streptococcal agents now account for 50-59% of the total number of reported cases of M-K medium contamination by donor tissue with resultant infection in the host. Gentamicin sulfate, the sole antibiotic used in the M-K medium in all cases, has poor activity against most streptococci. The addition of a second antibiotic to the M-K medium to provide an improved spectrum of antimicrobial activity should be considered.

Aged↗
PubMed2006

Pediatric autoimmune neuropsychiatric disorders associated with streptococcal infections - anesthetic implications and literature review.

Pediatric autoimmune neuropsychiatric disorders associated with streptococcal infections (PANDAS) are rare neurobehavioral disorders in children. Affected children may have a diverse array of perioperative manifestations including compulsive behavior, agitation, and abnormal movements. Perioperative management might be more challenging for anesthesiologists. Series of therapeutic plasmapheresis in these children may complicate their anesthesia management. We describe the first case of a patient with PANDAS and its anesthesia implications.

Autoimmune Diseases↗
PubMed2003

A case of baboon syndrome associated with group a streptococcal infection.

We described a 21-year-old Japanese patient with sore throat, fever, and diffuse erythema on the neck, trunk, and limbs. Erythema markedly appeared on the neck, axillary, antecubital, and popliteal fossae. However, other skin signs of scarlet fever such as red strawberry tongue and linear petechial eruption did not appear. Before his visit to our clinic, he had been diagnosed as pharyngitis and treated with cefaclor 750 mg daily for six days. However, the symptoms did not improve. Oral prednisolone of 20 mg daily rapidly improved all the symptoms. Pharyngeal culture grew Streptococcus pyogenes that was sensitive to cefaclor. Laboratory findings showed elevated serum levels of antibody against streptolysin O. Together with the distribution of erythema, culture of Streptococcal pyogenes, and elevated anti-streptolysin O titer, the diagnosis of baboon syndrome associated with streptococcal infection was made. This seems to be the first report of baboon syndrome due to streptococcal infection.

Adult↗
PubMedDate not supplied

[Evolutive peculiarities of streptococcal infections in the year 1980, in the city of Bucharest].

In further investigations on the evolutive trends of the epidemiologic streptococcal process, an extensive epidemiological survey was carried out in prescholar and school communities in the town of Bucharest with a view to applying efficient antiepidemic measures able to limit primary streptococcal infections and prevent late, redoubtable complications. In 1980, in Bucharest, morbidity from scarlet fever was at its lowest level (92.7 per 100,000) during the last 31 years; it was in general benign, affecting especially in the month of March the 5-9 years age group (623.9 per 100,000) and the 1-4 years age group (529.4 per 100,000). The trailing evolution of a scarlet fever focus in a prescholar community suggested the hypothesis of the potentiation of the induction of streptococcal toxigenesis under the influence of intercurrent vital infections, especially measles. There were no deaths from scarlet fever. Laboratory investigations for the active detection and treatment of anginas, of carriers at risk, totalled 52101 tests; of these 4478 (8.59%) were positive for group "A" streptococci. In the prescholar communities surveyed no poststreptococcal complications were reported (acute articular rheumatism and glomerulonephritis). In 1980, there were 63 cases of acute articular rheumatism (code 250) in the 0-18 year-old group. The results suggest the need of continued epidemiological survey of streptococcal infections in children with a view to improving the health status of the population.

Child↗
PubMed1995

Clinical usefulness of intravenous human immunoglobulins in invasive group A Streptococcal infections: case report and review.

The spectrum of invasive Streptococcus pyogenes (group A streptococcus) infections includes bacteremia, toxic shock syndrome, and necrotizing fasciitis or myositis. We report the successful use of intravenous immunoglobulins in conjunction with antibiotics and surgery in a case of necrotizing myositis, toxic shock, and bacteremia. A literature review revealed that three other patients with invasive group A streptococcal infections had been treated with immunoglobulins: one adult patient had toxic shock syndrome, one had necrotizing fasciitis, and one child had septic arthritis. On the basis of this report and the review, we suggest that intravenous immunoglobulins may be useful in the treatment of all forms of invasive group A streptococcal infections associated with toxic shock syndrome.

Humans↗
PubMed1987

Efficacy of human immunoglobulin and penicillin G in treatment of experimental group B streptococcal infection.

In an effort to develop more effective therapy for neonatal group B streptococcal infections, penicillin G and human immune serum globulin (ISG), alone and in combination, were evaluated for their therapeutic efficacy against experimental group B streptococcal bacteremia and meningitis in newborn rats. Infected rats received either penicillin G (200 mg/kg/day), ISG (2 g/kg) or penicillin G (200 mg/kg/day) + varying doses of ISG (0.25 to 2 g/kg). All animals receiving ISG alone died; otherwise, mortality rates did not differ significantly (17-30%). Therapy with penicillin G alone and in combination with ISG was equally effective in completely eradicating group B streptococcal from blood and cerebrospinal fluid. However, combinations of penicillin G and ISG were significantly more beneficial than penicillin G alone, as shown by a significantly lower incidence of bacteremia at the end of 1 day of therapy and by greater opsonophagocytic activity in sera of animals receiving penicillin G + ISG. These findings indicate that administration of ISG in conjunction with penicillin G rapidly clears bacteria from blood, suggesting that ISG may be a useful adjunct to antimicrobial therapy of neonatal group B streptococcal disease.

Animals↗
PubMed1967

Leukocytic hypersensitivity in experimental group A streptococcal infections.

Skin hypersensitivity to streptococcal antigens was demonstrated in 15 New Zealand red rabbits that were sensitized by intracutaneous injections with group A streptococci, and leukocytic hypersensitivity, as determined by in vitro inhibition of leukocyte migration, was demonstrated in 11 of the rabbits. The skin hypersensitivity persisted for at least 8 weeks, whereas the leukocytic hypersensitivity generally waned rather rapidly. The leukocytic hypersensitivity reappeared in the infected rabbits that had developed this hypersensitivity. However, it did not reappear on reimmunization with living streptococci of the type originally employed, whereas it did reappear with living but not heat-killed streptococci of another M type.

Animals↗
PubMed1996

[Acute necrotizing cutaneous streptococcal infection following bites or scratch by dog or cat].

INTRODUCTION: Domestic animal bites or scratches are quite frequent. Among banal bacteria isolated from infected bites or scratches, group A streptococcus seems to be frequently associated with severe infections. CASE REPORTS: Three cases of acute necrotizing cutaneous streptococcal infections, following cat or dog bite or scratch are reported. Twice, group A streptococcus was isolated from cutaneous swabs. In the third case, previous antibiotic therapy had sterilised bacteriological samples. Diagnosis was ascertained on the basis of clinical presentation and significant antistreptococcal antibodies elevation. Skin necrosis around the inoculation area was observed in the 3 cases. Cicatrisation required an average of two months under appropriate treatment. DISCUSSION: An evolution towards cutaneous necrosis localized to the initially injured area is common to these three cases. This peculiar evolution is worth to be known in order to choose an effective anti streptococcal antibiotherapy whenever domestic animals bites and scratches are to be treated.

Acute Disease↗
PubMed1997

Long-term follow-up of juvenile-onset cutaneous polyarteritis nodosa associated with streptococcal infection.

Polyarteritis nodosa (PAN) is a multisystem inflammatory disease associated with necrotizing vasculitis of small and medium arteries. Although predominantly an adult disease, PAN is well described in children. It can occur in a systemic form with manifestations in skin, joints, heart, nervous system, gastrointestinal tract, lungs and kidneys, and a limited form in which disease is confined to the skin, muscles, joints and peripheral nerves. In either case, streptococcal infection has been implicated by a positive throat swab or a significant increase in either antistreptolysin O (ASOT) or antihyaluronidase titres. The limited form is thought to run a benign course, but little has been written about its long-term outcome. We describe two patients who developed a cutaneous vasculitis following a probable streptococcal infection. Both have run a relapsing and remitting course with significant elevations of ASOT and in one, at least, prophylactic penicillin has had a strikingly beneficial effect. In both patients, the disease seems to have receded during childhood, only to recur, retaining its original form, in adult life. Their current ages are 22 and 19 yr, respectively.

Antistreptolysin↗
PubMed1996

Acute posterior multifocal placoid pigment epitheliopathy after acute group A streptococcal infection.

PURPOSE: We studied a case of acute posterior multifocal placoid pigment epitheliopathy in a 40-year-old man who had had an acute febrile illness. METHODS: The medical record was reviewed for clinical manifestations, course of disease, and laboratory findings, including results of fluorescein and indocyanine green angiography. RESULTS: The patient had the typical clinical course of acute posterior multifocal placoid pigment epitheliopathy with spontaneous resolution of posterior pole lesions and improvement in visual acuity from 20/60 to 20/20. The laboratory evaluation was remarkable for a rise in the anti-DNAse B antibody titer between initial and convalescent-phase serum samples, providing evidence of recent group A streptococcal infection. CONCLUSION: Although acute posterior multifocal placoid pigment epitheliopathy is often attributed to a postviral condition, this syndrome may also develop after an acute group A streptococcal infection.

Acute Disease↗
PubMed1978

Group B streptococcal infection in the perinatal period. An increasing problem in newborn care.

Group B streptococcal infections in newborn infants are increasing in frequency. Infection takes two forms--early-onset, developing in the first 24 hours, and late-onset, developing after the first week. Early-onset disease, a fulminating septicaemia, has a mortality of 40-70%. Late-onset disease, usually meningitis, has a mortality of 20-30%, with a high incidence of neurological damage in survivors. Early-onset disease is acquired during delivery from organisms colonizing the vagina. Up to 25% of women are colonized in late pregnancy. So far, no effective programmes for prevention have been developed.

Diagnosis, Differential↗
PubMed1978

Serious group B beta-hemolytic streptococcal infections in adults: report of two cases and review of the literature.

Adult infections with group B beta-hemolytic streptococci have been infrequently reported in the past. Two patients described herein, one with meningitis and the other with suppurative arthritis, emphasize that the organism is a potential pathogen and cause of serious infections in adults. The literature pertinent to these group B streptococcal infections is reviewed.

Adult↗