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Results for “Sperm Motility”

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At least 253 records · Page 14Linked to original sources

PubMed2006

[The influence of medicated serum with root of Crataegus cuneata on human sperm motility parameters in vitro].

OBJECTIVE: To study the influence of root of medicated serum with the root of Crataegus cuneata on human sperm motility in vitro. METHOD: Sperm specimens of 16 asthenospermia patients were co-incubated with the medicated serum in vitro. The sperm motility characteristics were evaluated by computer-assisted semen analysis (CASA) at 5, 15, 30, 60 min and 120 min. RESULT: Compared with the control group, the medicated serum significantly increased the sperm progressive motility in 5 and 15 min (P < 0.05), and the motility and progressive motility were both increased significantly in 60 and 120 min (P < 0.01). The excitatory effect of the medicated serum on the sperm motility exhibited in a time-dependent manner. CONCLUSION: Root of C. cuneata medicated serum can improve sperm motility of asthenospermia patients in vitro.

Adult↗

PubMedDate not supplied

Recovery of motile sperm using the osmolality-gradient technique.

A simple, effective method for collecting motile sperm from ejaculates is developed. One hundred semen samples were obtained from both fertile and infertile men. Following initial semen dilution (1: 1) to 4 mL in a hypoosmotic medium (210 mOsm/kg), the mixture was layered into the specially designed tube filled with 1 mL recovery medium in the bottom and 1 mL isolation medium in the second layer to form three discrete layers. During the next hour the highly motile sperm out-distanced the other seminal contents to reach the bottom of the tube. Compared with the parent ejaculates, the recovered specimens exhibited an increased percentage of motile sperm with significantly enhanced sperm velocity and linearity (p less than .001). This method isolated motile sperm with higher velocity than those obtained using the swim-up technique.

Humans↗

PubMed2003

Dissection of the Ascaris sperm motility machinery identifies key proteins involved in major sperm protein-based amoeboid locomotion.

Although Ascaris sperm motility closely resembles that seen in many other types of crawling cells, the lamellipodial dynamics that drive movement result from modulation of a cytoskeleton based on the major sperm protein (MSP) rather than actin. The dynamics of the Ascaris sperm cytoskeleton can be studied in a cell-free in vitro system based on the movement of plasma membrane vesicles by fibers constructed from bundles of MSP filaments. In addition to ATP, MSP, and a plasma membrane protein, reconstitution of MSP motility in this cell-free extract requires cytosolic proteins that orchestrate the site-specific assembly and bundling of MSP filaments that generates locomotion. Here, we identify a fraction of cytosol that is comprised of a small number of proteins but contains all of the soluble components required to assemble fibers. We have purified two of these proteins, designated MSP fiber proteins (MFPs) 1 and 2 and demonstrated by immunolabeling that both are located in the MSP cytoskeleton in cells and in fibers. These proteins had reciprocal effects on fiber assembly in vitro: MFP1 decreased the rate of fiber growth, whereas MFP2 increased the growth rate.

Amino Acid Sequence↗

PubMed1989

Correlates of human sperm motility assessed by laser Doppler spectroscopy.

The sperm motility characteristics of 140 men (percentage motile and average velocity of all sperm in motion; percentage progressive and the average velocity of sperm swimming more than 15 microns/sec) were determined using a laser-Doppler technique and correlated with other aspects of sperm quality, including the concentration and the proportion of abnormal and dead sperm in the ejaculate. In addition, the influence of the length of the period of abstinence, the viscosity of seminal plasma and the volume of the ejaculate were also assessed. The four motility characteristics were all highly correlated with each other. The magnitude of all four parameters increased in an exponential fashion with increasing sperm number up to 400 x 10(6) per ejaculate. At higher numbers, no further improvement in motility was observed. Moreover, increasing sperm number was associated with a decline in the proportion of sperm exhibiting abnormalities in morphology but with an increase in viable sperm 30 min after ejaculation. The relative viscosity of the ejaculates had generally no influence on sperm motility. In contrast, certain of the sperm motility characteristics, including the average velocity, were significantly negatively correlated with the length of the abstinence period.

Adult↗

PubMedDate not supplied

Lowered sperm motility in subordinate social status of mice.

The correlation between social status and sperm motility of mice was investigated. From 5 to 15 weeks of age, mice were kept under two housing conditions, i.e., in pairs or in isolation. The social dominance in the paired mice was determined with the resident-intruder tests, which were carried out from 8 to 15 weeks of age. At the end of 15 weeks of age, sperm activity, weights of reproductive organs, and serum testosterone were determined. It was revealed that the sperm motility of dominant mice was significantly higher than that of the subordinates. The sperm motility of the isolated mice was also significantly higher than the subordinates. It was suggested that the subordinate social status lowered sperm motility.

Animals↗

PubMed1989

The inhibitory effect of gossypol on human sperm motility: relationship with time, temperature and concentration.

The inhibitory effect of gossypol acetic acid on human sperm motility was studied with a transmembrane migration method. Gossypol decreased sperm motility after it had been incubated with semen for more than 15 min. However, when sperm motility was evaluated immediately after semen had been mixed with gossypol, no inhibitory effect could be found. We consider that the sperm immobilizing potency of gossypol is much less than our previously studied sperm immobilizing agents. It is unlikely that gossypol can be developed as a vaginal spermicide. The importance of time course in the pharmacological study of sperm motility is emphasized in this study.

Gossypol↗

PubMed1992

Effects of lithium and haloperidol on human sperm motility in-vitro.

Two psychotropic drugs, lithium and haloperidol, were evaluated for their in-vitro effects on sperm motility using a transmembrane migration method. Sperm motility was measured either immediately after semen had been mixed with the drug or after a 2 h incubation period at 37 degrees C. Lithium inhibited human sperm motility in a dose-dependent manner with an EC50 of 10 mM when the semen-lithium mixture had been incubated. Sperm motility was increased to 127% of control when semen had been incubated with 0.027 microM haloperidol; this concentration was within the therapeutic range.

Dose-Response Relationship, Drug↗

PubMed1999

Initiation of sperm motility in the newt, Cynops pyrrhogaster, is induced by a heat-stable component of egg-jelly.

Sperm motility in amphibians is thought to be initiated by a decrease in environmental osmolarity. However, fertilisation in the newt, Cynops pyrrhogaster, is achieved in an environment without osmotic change. We show here that sperm motility initiating activity is present in jelly layer extract (JE). JE was gel-filtrated and a single peak with sperm motility initiating activity was detected in the fraction corresponding to about 50 kDa. The activity was strengthened by heat treatment of JE at 100 degrees C for 30 min. This suggests that JE includes the inactive form of sperm motility inducing substance (SMIS) in addition to active substance. Thus JE was fractionated before and after the heat treatment. When JE was fractionated first and then each fraction was heated, the activity was detected in the fraction both above 500 kDa and below 500 kDa. When heat-treated JE was fractionated, the activity was detected only in the fraction below 500 kDa. These results suggest that JE includes the inactive form of SMIS of more than 500 kDa in molecular weight. A regulatory mechanism for the initiation of sperm motility in C. pyrrhogaster is proposed according to the results of the present study.

Animals↗

PubMed1986

Enhancement of human sperm motility and velocity in vitro: effects of calcium and creatine phosphate.

Because of their roles in motility regulation and energy transport, calcium and creatine phosphate were examined for their effects on sperm motility and velocity in specimens of normal donors. Semen or migrated sperm fractions were incubated with of 1 mmol of calcium, 5 mmol magnesium, and 10 mmol of creatine phosphate (n = 28) or in the presence of 4 mumol of Verapamil, calcium, and creatine phosphate (n = 10). The samples were subjected to multiple exposure photography (four picture frames of two different drops) at 0, 1, 4, or 5 and at 10 hours and sperm motility and velocity were analyzed. In both calcium and calcium-creatine phosphate conditions, sperm motility and velocity were significantly increased, compared with control values (P = between less than 0.001 and 0.05). Sperm motility declined following Verapamil exposure, but the motility values remained at the level of the control in the presence of additional calcium or creatine phosphate. The effects of calcium and creatine phosphate take place rapidly; within 1 minute all improvements in sperm velocity and motility are fully achieved. There is no loading effect of calcium, and when the sperm is transferred into media without the additional calcium, the velocity decreased to that of the initial control value. Magnesium alone had no effect on motility or velocity. These experiments indicate that calcium or creatine phosphate can support sperm motility and velocity at a significantly increased level. Thus the addition of calcium or creatine phosphate to the insemination media may enhance the fertilizing capacity of sperm during in vitro fertilization or gamete intrafallopian transfer procedures.

Calcium↗

PubMed2001

In vitro effects of metal ions (Fe2+, Mn2+, Pb2+) on sperm motility and lipid peroxidation in human semen.

The effects of divalent manganese ion (Mn2+), ferrous iron (Fe2+), and lead ion (Pb2+) on human sperm motility and lipid peroxidation were examined. Human semen from healthy male volunteers was incubated with 0, 5, 50, or 500 ppm divalent metal ions, and the sperm motility was determined at 0, 2, 4, 6, or 8 h by microscopy. Malondialdehyde (MDA) levels in seminal plasma was measured by high-performance liquid chromatography after 8 h of exposure. The results showed that 500 ppm Mn2+ or Pb2+ significantly inhibited sperm motility without an accompanying change in seminal MDA levels. Incubation with Fe2+ significantly inhibited sperm motility at 5 ppm, associated with a marked rise in MDA levels. Our results suggested that Fe2+ may induce lipid peroxidation to inhibit sperm motility. In the case of Mn2+ and Pb2+ there is an absence of seminal lipid peroxidation and the observed inhibition of sperm motility at high concentrations is not biologically or environmentally relevant.

Chromatography, High Pressure Liquid↗

PubMed1998

Complement regulatory proteins on the sperm surface: relevance to sperm motility.

PROBLEM: To determine whether complement regulatory proteins are present on human spermatozoa and whether antibodies to these proteins adversely affect sperm motility. METHOD OF STUDY: Human sperm membrane proteins were solubilized and subjected to polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis followed by Western blot analysis against antibodies to complement component 1 inhibitor (C1-INH), decay-activating factor (DAF; CD55), membrane cofactor protein (MCP; CD46), and homologous restriction factor (HRF; CD59). Spermatozoa, obtained by a swim-up technique, were incubated in medium (control 1) and medium supplemented with antibodies to human albumin (control 2) and antibodies to these complement regulatory proteins. We used a computerized sperm motion analysis to determine the effect of these antibodies on sperm motion characteristics. RESULTS: Complement regulatory proteins such as C1-INH, CD55, CD46, and CD59 were found in the sperm extracts as shown by Western blot analysis. The heat-treated (56 degrees C, 30 min) IgG fraction of antibodies to these proteins significantly reduced sperm motility in general and other motion parameters. Addition of complement did not affect these results except in the antibodies to CD46 in which the reducing action was further amplified. CONCLUSIONS: Our data suggest that C1-INH, CD55, CD46, and CD59 are present on the sperm surface. These proteins may have biological functions, such as affecting sperm motility, besides the complement regulatory functions. In infertile men and women with antibodies that recognize one or more of these complement regulatory proteins, there may be problems related to poor sperm motility and survival in the reproductive tracts.

Antigens, CD↗

PubMed1994

Bromocriptine reverses the inhibitory effect of macrophages on human sperm motility.

OBJECTIVE: To determine the effects of PRL suppression on the activation of murine peritoneal macrophages and their subsequent effects on human sperm motility. DESIGN: Laboratory study. INTERVENTIONS: Mice were treated with subcutaneous implants of 2.5 mg bromocriptine pellets 7 days before bacillus of calmette and guerin (BCG), a strain of Mycobacterium bovis, injection for activation of macrophages. Bromocriptine treatment, which significantly suppressed circulating PRL levels, continued through the day of peritoneal macrophage collection. Macrophages were subsequently cultured for 4 days and culture supernatant was collected. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES: Human sperm were incubated for 4 hours in the presence of culture medium or culture supernatant from control and treated mice. Motion analysis was performed at 0, 2, and 4 hours. RESULTS: A significant decrease in human sperm motility was observed in the presence of culture supernatant from activated murine peritoneal macrophages. After 4 hours of incubation, sperm motility decreased from 69% +/- 3% in the nonactivated macrophage control group to 37% +/- 6% in the BCG- activated macrophage group. The suppressive effect of soluble products of activated macrophages on human sperm motility was reversed when mice were rendered hypoprolactinemic with bromocriptine. Motility after 4 hours was 56% +/- 3% in the BCG-bromocriptine group. Simultaneous administration of bromocriptine and PRL (100 ng per mouse daily) restored the inhibitory effect of soluble products of activated macrophages on sperm motility (36% +/- 5% motile). CONCLUSIONS: PRL may modulate the deleterious effects of activated macrophages on human sperm motility, thereby suggesting novel and useful methods for the modification of the immune response in early reproduction.

Animals↗

PubMed2001

Impairment of human sperm motility and viability by quercetin is independent of lipid peroxidation.

Human sperm motility, viability and lipid peroxidation were assessed in Ringer-Tyrode supplemented with different concentrations of quercetin. An irreversible and dose-dependent fall in sperm motility was observed with quercetin (5-200 microm). However, sperm viability was decreased only at higher concentrations (50-100 microm) of quercetin. This inhibition in sperm motility and viability has been linked with decreased Ca2+-ATPase activity, as there was no effect of quercetin on sperm lipid peroxidation.

Calcium-Transporting ATPases↗

PubMedDate not supplied

Further studies on the effects of pentoxifylline on sperm count and sperm motility in patients with idiopathic oligo-asthenozoospermia.

To further investigate the effectiveness of pentoxifylline (trental) treatment in male infertility, we studied 22 young men (mean age 28.4 years) with "idiopathic" oligo-asthenozoospermia treated for 6 months with the drug (1200 mg daily orally). Sperm concentration and sperm motility were determined before therapy, as well as after 3 and 6 months of pentoxifylline administration. Moreover, fructose concentrations in seminal fluid and sperm ATP levels were assayed before and at the end of the treatment in five semen samples. Pentoxifylline therapy significantly increased both sperm concentration and sperm motility. Sperm concentration showed a 1.5-fold increase (p less than 0.01) at the 3rd month of therapy, and a 2.0-fold increase (p less than 0.001) at the 6th month, whereas sperm motility increased by 1.8-fold (p less than 0.001) and by 2.8-fold (p less than 0.001) respectively. At the end of the treatment, fructose concentrations in seminal fluid were significantly higher (p less than 0.001) than pretreatment values; in contrast, sperm ATP levels showed a significant (p less than 0.05) fall. These results suggest that pentoxifylline, probably acting on the cAMP metabolism, may be an useful drug in the treatment of idiopathic oligo-asthenozoospermia.

Adenosine Triphosphate↗

PubMed1986

Lowered levels of bicarbonate in seminal plasma cause the poor sperm motility in human infertile patients.

Both the adenylate cyclase activity and the motility of human sperm were stimulated by bicarbonate with the same concentration dependency. The correlation between bicarbonate levels in semen and the motility of sperm from the patients with male infertility was investigated. Bicarbonate in semen was found to originate mainly from the seminal vesicles, and a significant positive correlation was observed between bicarbonate levels and volume of semen. The motility of infertile sperm was also found to correlate positively to the seminal levels of bicarbonate. These results suggest that the lowered levels of bicarbonate in semen are at least in part responsible for the poor sperm motility in infertile patients, as a result of the failure in the activation of sperm adenylate cyclase.

Acid Phosphatase↗

PubMedDate not supplied

Evaluation of sperm motility by optical diffractometry of spermatograms.

Evaluation of sperm motility based on analysis of spermatograms by optical diffractometry was performed. Spermatograms are defined as images of sperm tracks obtained on microphotographs by dark field illumination with long exposure time. Single track analysis proved that the details concerning single tracks are "seen" and recognized by the technique of optical diffractometry. Normal "linear", as well as abnormal "irregular", including "circular", tracks were numerically described. Multitrack analysis: The general pattern of all tracks contained in particular spermatograms derived from two groups of semen classified by hospital laboratory as "high" (control) and "low" ("mediocre") motility of spermatozoa, respectively, were analysed by optical diffractometry. The hospital laboratory was asked to provide for diffractometric analysis samples of the "mediocre" semens of quality similar enough to the "control" ones what concerns the percentage of motile spermatozoa (40 percent) and spermatozoan concentration. Diffraction patterns of 102 spermatograms of control sperm and of 103 spermatograms of sperm qualified as "mediocre" by subjective microscopic evaluation of sperm motility, were analysed and compared. Using discriminant analysis based on parameters describing radial distribution of light intensity in diffraction patterns of control and "mediocre" spermatograms, it was possible to classify correctly 71 cases as high motility sperms out of 102 spermatograms evaluated beforehand by hospital laboratory criteria as control ones. In the group of 103 spermatograms classified as "mediocre" sperms by hospital laboratory criteria 69 cases were correctly recognized as "mediocre" by diffractometric analysis. The overlapping of the analysed two groups of sperm by 30 percent might be explained by the fact that in the control spermatograms many trajectories are formed by inefficient, slow moving spermatozoa.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

Humans↗

PubMedDate not supplied

[On the significance of Solcoseryl on fertility. 1. The effect of Solcoseryl on sperm motility in vitro].

The effect of different Solcoseryl (Solco, Basel, Switzerland) concentrations on the motility of human sperm were tested on 37 ejaculates taken from two subject groups. Altogether 111 motility studies were performed using the eosine vitality test. In view of the considerable variations associated with motility tests, Solcoseryl appeared to have no effect on sperm motility in the majority of cases in group 1. The observed improvement in motility (20%) was countered by still greater motility losses (27%). The results, obtained by studies on selected asthenospermia (group 2) are different, however: the 26% increase in motility was opposed to a motility loss of only 17%. A Solcoseryl concentration of 50% was found to have the best effects on motility. A general rise in sperm motility by means of Solcoseryl cannot be considered, although tests would appear advisable in isolated instances. Solcoseryl may be a valuable protective resuspension agent for insemination purposes.

Actihaemyl↗

PubMed1997

Improved motile sperm recovery by a hyperosmotic Percoll gradient.

PURPOSE: Our purpose was to investigate whether a new, relatively hyperosmotic Percoll gradient, Enhance-S, can improve total motile sperm recovery rates compared with the commonly used Percoll gradient Perception. METHODS: Semen specimens from each of 17 donors were divided into two equal aliquots. One part was washed using Percoll Perception, while the other was prepared using Percoll Enhance-S. RESULTS: Compared to the unwashed specimen, sperm motion characteristics (motility and velocity) improved significantly after Percoll separation using either the Perception or the Enhance-S gradient. There was no difference in motility or velocity in spermatozoa recovered after wash with either of the two preparations. However, the total motile sperm recovery was significantly higher using the Percoll Enhance-S gradient than with the Percoll Perception gradient (P < 0.0024). CONCLUSION: The new Percoll Enhance-S gradient provides significantly more total motile sperm than the Percoll Perception gradient.

Centrifugation, Density Gradient↗