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At least 253 records · Page 14Linked to original sources
PubMed2006

Influence of orthodontic dental movement on the healing process of teeth with periapical lesions.

The purpose of this study was to histomorphologically evaluate (in dog's teeth) the influence of tooth movement in the healing of chronic periapical lesions. Thirty roots of incisors and premolars of two dogs (1-year-old) were used in this research. After pulpectomy, the root canals remained exposed to the oral environment for 6 months for achievement of periapical lesions. Twenty root canals were biomechanically prepared and received a calcium hydroxide dressing for 14 days before being filled with gutta-percha points and Sealapex sealer. After root canal treatment, some incisors were submitted to orthodontic movement, whereas the other roots remained without orthodontic movement. The orthodontic appliance was removed at 5 months and 15 days after treatment, the dogs were killed 15 days later and the specimens were prepared for histomorphological analysis. The results showed that the orthodontic movement delayed, but did not hinder, the periapical healing process.

Animals↗
PubMed1977

The borderline patient and conservative treatment in the late mixed dentition.

1. The possibilities for successful conservative treatment of mild lower arch length deficiencies (2 to 5 mm.) are explored for twenty growing patients in the late mixed dentition. 2. Methods of case selection and treatment particulars are presented. 3. Each patient should be considered as an individual with regard to cephalometric norms for the optimal position of the incisors, in determining the size of the leeway space at the lower second deciduous molar position, in evaluating the feasibility of distal uprighting the lower first permanent molars, and in formulating a reasonable treatment plan. 4. It is postulated that oversized lower second deiduous molars may be an etiologic factor in some mild lower arch length deficiencies (r = 0.4; P less than 0.05). 5. The amount that the lower first premolars and lower canines can be distally retracted into the leeway space in these conservatively treated cases is directly related to retraction of the lower incisors (r = 0.7; P less than 0.01). In the present cases uprighting the lower incisors allows the upper teeth to be treated well and together this enables functional and esthetic improvement and tooth stability.

Bicuspid↗
PubMed1983

Periodontal status following the alignment of palatally impacted canine teeth.

Twenty-three patients who had completed treatment to resolve the unilateral palatal impaction of a maxillary canine by orthodontic means were examined 2.3 years (mean) after all appliances had been discarded. Scores were noted for the plaque index, gingival index, attached gingiva, pocket depth, and bone support on each of the affected teeth and also on the contralateral canine which had been unaffected and thus acted as a control. In addition, the teeth immediately adjacent to both canines were similarly scored. The results indicated no significant difference in the plaque index and the amount of attached gingiva, while the gingival index, pocket depth, and particularly the bone support all showed statistically valid differences. It is suggested that in these cases a postorthodontic assessment of the state of the supporting tissues be performed and periodontal treatment instituted in those requiring it.

Alveolar Process↗
PubMed1984

Implications of the failure rates of bonded brackets and eyelets: a clinical study.

A clinical study of the rate of failure of bonded brackets and eyelets on primary molars was undertaken. Two groups of patients (one bonded contralaterally and the other at random) were studied for 12 to 17 months. The data support the hypothesis that one major cause of bond failure is the force of occlusion during mastication. On the basis of this finding, several clinical applications are suggested. These include rotation of second premolars, closure of extraction spaces, and the management of limited treatment of lower incisors in the presence of deep, traumatic overbite.

Bite Force↗
PubMed1985

A reassessment of force magnitude in orthodontics.

The relationship between the force magnitude delivered by orthodontic appliances and the rate of orthodontic tooth movement is controversial. This paper critically reviews the experimental data base that has shaped this controversy and graphically presents four hypotheses proposed to represent the relationship between force magnitude and the rate of tooth movement. The clinical implications of each hypothesis for treatment planning and space-closing mechanics are discussed. The authors' analysis of the data from six heavily cited clinical studies in the orthodontic literature appears to support one of the four proposed hypotheses (No. 4, Fig. 2). Acceptance of this hypothesis leads the clinician to a rational approach in manipulating the final position of teeth. Anchorage can be conserved by means of treatment strategies that reduce stress magnitudes in the periodontium of the posterior teeth while maximally efficient stress is maintained on the anterior teeth. Appliances with low load-deflection rates and relatively constant moment/force ratios allow the clinician to take advantage of the type of tooth movement proposed in this hypothesis.

Biomechanical Phenomena↗
PubMed1995

Orthodontic and restorative procedures for retained deciduous teeth in the adult.

The restorative dentist will occasionally be confronted with complex treatment planning such as (1) tooth-to-arch dimensional discrepancies, (2) teeth tilted from the vertical midline, (3) teeth overlapped with root contact, (4) horizontal loss of arch dimension from retained deciduous teeth, (5) an impacted adult canine tooth, and (6) peg lateral incisors. Pretreatment diagnostic tooth positioning on replica casts, radiographs, pertinent clinical information, and strategic prosthodontic and orthodontic therapy can ensure predictable treatment. Orthodontic and restorative procedures for three patients with these described discrepancies are detailed to support the direction of treatment planning.

Adult↗
PubMed1997

Periapical replacement resorption of permanent, vital, endodontically treated incisors after orthodontic movement: report of two cases.

Radiographic observations show that periapical replacement resorption (PARR) is a frequent and unpredictable sequella of orthodontic movement of permanent maxillary incisors. Only the apical root portion undergoes resorption, and it is subsequently replaced with normal bone. PARR also occurs without orthodontic tooth movement, but these resorptions differ as to type and location. PARR clearly occurs in teeth with vital pulps after orthodontic movement; however, our two cases and a review of 43 other cases indicate that endodontically treated incisors show a statistically significant lesser frequency and severity of apical resorption than untreated teeth. The role the vital pulp plays in this apical resorption is yet to be determined. A hypothetical explanation is offered suggesting that pulpal neuropeptides may be involved in PARR in both vital and endodontically treated incisors. The role calcium hydroxide plays in endodontically treated teeth is also considered.

Adolescent↗
PubMed2003

Analysis of bone resorption after secondary alveolar cleft bone grafts before and after canine eruption in connection with orthodontic gap closure or prosthodontic treatment.

PURPOSE: We sought to analyze the success rate of secondary alveolar cleft bone grafts before and after canine eruption in connection with orthodontic gap closure or gap opening. PATIENTS AND METHODS: Sixty-eight secondary alveolar cleft bone grafts with iliac crest spongiosa were carried out in 57 patients (mean age, 9 years; age range, 8 to 11 years) with 11 bilateral and 46 unilateral clefts of the lip, alveolus, or palate. Gap closures were carried out after 53 bone grafts (78%), and gap openings with subsequent dental implants were carried out with 15 bone grafts (22%). The parameters acquired radiologically (orthopantomograms) at the time of the surgery and the follow-up examination (mean age, 3 years; age range, 7 months to 9 years) were 1) bone resorption in relation to the interdental height of the alveolar process in the vicinity of the cleft and 2) root growth of the teeth in the vicinity of the cleft. The statistically significant differences (P <.05) were monitored with a software program. Resorption grades I and II (>50% of the interalveolar bone height) were considered to be a success. RESULTS: Resorption was grade I in 69%, grade II in 19%, grade III in 10%, and grade IV in 1% of cases. Thus, the overall success rate was 88%. At the time of the osteoplasty, the root growth of the tooth in the immediate vicinity of the cleft was fully completed in 27 teeth (39%), three-quarters completed in 23 teeth (26.5%), and semicompleted in 18 teeth (33.8%). Twelve teeth (18%) in the vicinity of the cleft (lateral incisors/canine) remained unerupted and displaced after the surgery. It was necessary to expose unerupted teeth surgically to reposition them orthodontically. The resorption losses were significantly lower with gap closures than with gap openings (P <.001). However, bone grafts performed before canine eruption were largely carried out with the objective of orthodontic gap closure, in contrast to the bone grafts that were carried out after canine eruption (P <.02). CONCLUSION: Gap closures provide more favorable results than do gap openings in regard to resorption. Controlled dental eruptions or orthodontic gap closures reduce the graft resorption. The exact timing of surgery proved to be only a secondary consideration.

Alveolar Process↗
PubMed2000

Dentoalveolar and skeletal changes associated with the pendulum appliance.

The purpose of the study was to examine the dentoalveolar and skeletal effects of the pendulum appliance in Class II patients at varying stages of dental development and with varying facial patterns (high, neutral, and low mandibular plane angles). Specifically, the amount and nature of the "distalization" of the maxillary first molars and the reciprocal effects on the anchoring maxillary first premolars and incisors were studied, as were skeletal changes in the sagittal and vertical dimensions of the face. Pretreatment and posttreatment cephalometric radiographs obtained from 13 practitioners were used to document the treatment of 101 patients (45 boys and 56 girls). The average maxillary first molar distalization was 5.7 mm, with a distal tipping of 10.6 degrees. The anchoring anterior teeth moved mesially, as indicated by the 1.8-mm anterior movement of the upper first premolars, with a mesial tipping of 1.5 degrees. The maxillary first molars intruded 0.7 mm, and the first premolars extruded 1.0 mm. Lower anterior facial height increased 2.2 mm; there was no significant difference in lower anterior facial height increase between patients of high, neutral, or low mandibular plane angles. In patients with erupted maxillary second molars, there was a slightly greater increase in lower anterior face height and in the mandibular plane angle and a slightly greater decrease in overbite in comparison to patients with unerupted second molars. Similar findings were observed in patients with second premolar anchorage versus those with second deciduous molar anchorage. The results of this study suggest that the pendulum appliance is effective in moving maxillary molars posteriorly during orthodontic treatment. For maximum maxillary first molar distalization with minimal increase in lower anterior facial height, this appliance is used most effectively in patients with deciduous maxillary second molars for anchorage and unerupted permanent maxillary second molars, although significant bite opening was not a concern in any patient in this study.

Activator Appliances↗
PubMed2000

A new approach in maxillary molar distalization: intraoral bodily molar distalizer.

The objectives of our study were to achieve bodily molar distalization, avoid distal tipping of molars, eliminate the need for patient cooperation (no headgear, no elastics, and no esthetic and social concern), and finally to minimize the treatment period and maximize the treatment efficiency. The study was carried out on 5 males and 10 females, a total of 15 patients. Mean age for the study group was 13.53 years. Dentally, all the patients had Class II molar relationship on both sides. The patients were in permanent dentition, second molars were erupted, and the lower dental arch was well aligned. Patients showed normal or sagittally directed growth pattern. Lateral cephalograms and study models were taken and analyzed before and after molar distalization. In the present study, in order to achieve maxillary molar distalization, a new intraoral appliance was developed. The intraoral bodily molar distalizer (IBMB) was composed of 2 parts: the anchorage unit and the distalizing unit. The anchorage unit was a wide Nance button, and the active unit consisted of distalizing springs. The springs had 2 components: the distalizer section of the spring applied a crown tipping force, while the uprighting section of the spring applied a root uprighting force on the first molars. A total of 230 g of distalizing force was used on both sides. After the distal movement of the first molars, the cephalometric results of 15 patients showed the following. Maxillary first molars were moved distally by an average of 5.23 mm (P <.001) without tipping or extrusion. Maxillary first premolars were moved 4.33 mm mesially (P <.001), tipped 2.73 degrees distally (P <.05), and extruded by 3.33 mm (P <.001). Maxillary central incisors were proclined by an average of 4.7 mm (P <.001) and tipped 6.73 degrees labially (P <.01). Model analysis showed that maxillary first molars were not rotated, and intermolar distance did not change after distal movement of molars. In conclusion, unlike most of the other molar distalization mechanics, this newly developed device achieved (1) bodily distal movement of maxillary molars and (2) eliminated dependence on patient cooperation and did not require headgear wear for molar root uprighting.

Adolescent↗
PubMed2000

Effect of root and bone morphology on the stress distribution in the periodontal ligament.

To achieve predictable and physiologic orthodontic tooth movement, estimating the axis of rotation of a tooth and the level and location of maximum stress distributed in the periodontal ligament is essential. An extracted upper canine was scanned into a computer 2-dimensionally and divided into 80 nodes along the long axis of the tooth. A mathematical formula was derived, and stress was calculated on each node. The purpose of this study was to reveal the center of resistance, axis of rotation, and an ideal force magnitude associated with various periodontal conditions, such as potential root resorption, alveolar bone loss, and varying anatomic root shape by analyzing the stress distribution in the periodontal ligament. The study demonstrates that the location of center of resistance changes significantly with variation of shape and length of the root embedded in alveolar bone. In contrast, in response to alveolar bone loss, the relative location of the center of resistance to total root length remains constant. Analysis of the stress distribution pattern in our 2-dimensional model reveals that the relationship between location of force and axis of rotation is determined by s(2) (that is) a constant depends on shape and length of a root in alveolar bone. Tapered and short roots that result from alveolar bone loss or apical root resorption are prone to tipping. The optimal orthodontic force may vary depending on the maximum stress in the periodontal ligament.

Algorithms↗