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At least 253 records · Page 14Linked to original sources

PubMed1998

An association between the regular use of 3,4 methylenedioxy-methamphetamine (ecstasy) and excessive wear of the teeth.

AIMS: This study was established to determine if users of ecstasy had greater tooth wear than a comparison group of non-users. DESIGN: The study involved a direct comparison between two groups of young people gathered by a peer information network and divided by the response to the question "Do you take ecstasy?" SETTING: The information network was established at the Maryland Centre in Liverpool (UK). Besides offering advice on drug and sex-related problems this centre distributes free condoms and is therefore visited by many young people who would not consider themselves to have these problems. PARTICIPANTS: There were 30 users and 28 non-users with no significant difference in the gender ratio. Age was not recorded to maintain absolute confidentiality, but all the participants appeared to be of student age. MEASUREMENTS: Tooth wear was measured using the index of Smith & Knight. The social and drug-taking profile of the two groups was ascertained by questionnaire. FINDINGS: It was found that the mean (+/- STD) tooth wear score for the back teeth was 0.96 +/- 0.16 in the users compared with 0.12 +/- 0.08 for the comparison group. These values were significantly different (p < 0.001). The values for the front teeth were not significantly different. Many users were aware of clenching their teeth 12 or even 24 hours after taking the drug. CONCLUSION: Taking ecstasy results in an increased likelihood of tooth wear on the back teeth. This is likely to result from clenching the teeth in the acidic environment caused by carbonated (fizzy) drinks.

Drinking↗

PubMedDate not supplied

An up to 3-year randomized clinical study comparing indirect and direct resin composites used to restore worn posterior teeth.

PURPOSE: To compare a developmental indirect resin composite with an established, microfilled directly placed resin composite used to restore severely worn teeth. The cause of the tooth wear was a combination of erosion and attrition. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Over a 3-year period, a total of 32 paired direct or indirect microfilled resin composite restorations were placed on premolars and molars in 16 patients (mean age: 43 years, range: 25 to 62) with severe tooth wear. A further 26 pairs of resin composite were placed in 13 controls (mean age: 39 years, range 28 to 65) without evidence of tooth wear. The material was randomly selected for placement in the left or right sides of the mouth. RESULTS: Sixteen restorations were retained in the tooth wear group (7 indirect and 9 direct), 7 (22%) fractured (4 indirect and 3 direct), and 9 (28%) were completely lost (5 indirect and 4 direct). There was no statistically significant difference in failure rates between the materials in this group. The control group had 21 restorations (80%) that were retained (10 indirect and 12 direct), a significantly lower rate of failure than in the tooth wear patients (P = .027). CONCLUSION: The results of this short-term study suggest that the use of direct and indirect resin composites for restoring worn posterior teeth is contraindicated.

Acrylic Resins↗

PubMed1999

The clinical performance of ceramic inlays: a review.

The availability of improved ceramic materials, bonding techniques, new technology and issues of amalgam safety have led to a revival of interest in ceramic inlays in dentistry over the past ten years. Clinical studies have been carried out during this time using various evaluation techniques to assess the clinical performance of these restorations. In this paper, recent clinical studies are examined and a review of the current state of knowledge regarding the clinical performance and survival statistics of ceramic inlays is presented. The major problems associated with ceramic inlay therapy appear to be fracture, hypersensitivity, degree of fit, maintenance of marginal integrity, microleakage, bond failures and cement wear. Other areas which also affect the clinical performance of ceramic inlays are ceramic wear, opposing tooth wear, plaque accumulation, gingivitis, secondary caries, colour stability, anatomic form and radiopacity. Recommendations based on the findings of clinical studies are also presented and whilst no specific material or technique has been shown to be clearly superior, certain principles which predispose to success can be identified. When compared with other forms of aesthetic intracoronal restorations, ceramic inlays perform well. However, their high cost and extreme technique sensitivity would appear to restrict their use to certain limited clinical situations.

Ceramics↗

PubMed2004

The surface effects of erosion and abrasion on dentine with and without a protective layer.

OBJECTIVE: The aim of this in situ study was to investigate with four imaging modalities whether covering dentine with adhesive resins could protect against erosion from acids. The objectives were to observe and quantify the effects of acids and the soft tissues, especially the tongue, on dentine and the bonding agents using four assessment techniques: qualitative assessment with SEM, surface roughness and thickness of resin with the TSM and volume loss with the laser profilometer. DESIGN: An in situ investigation using extracted dentine sections embedded in splints held on the palate of 10 volunteers. The dentine sections were protected by two resins and subjected to a tooth wear regime. RESULTS: Both Seal and Protect and Opitbond Solo protected the tooth surfaces from a tooth wear regime. There were no statistical differences between the control surfaces and those protected with dentine bonding agents for resin thickness, roughness and profilometry. The appearance of the slabs under both confocal and SEM showed that the material remained in place despite a vigorous wear regime and therefore protected the tooth surface. CONCLUSIONS: For patients with uncontrolled erosion or tooth wear, applying a dentine bonding agent to exposed dentine is a practical option to prevent further damage.

Adult↗

PubMed1984

Principal axis analysis of dental attrition data from two Australian Aboriginal populations.

Dental attrition scores from two distinct Australian Aboriginal populations were compared by principal axis analysis. The first group was composed of members of the Narrinyeri group who occupied the river basin and mouth of the River Murray. The second group consisted of members of the Kaurna tribe who occupied the coastal plain to the west of the Narrinyeri. The groups were isolated both physically and culturally and as a result differences in patterns of tooth wear might be expected. In the Narrinyeri sample, attrition tended to be more rapid in females for all but the anterior teeth. The only sex difference in the Kaurna was for the maxillary central incisors, which wore more rapidly in females. Interpopulation differences in the pattern of tooth wear were also evident. The incisors, canines, and premolars of Kaurna subjects tended to wear more rapidly, while the rate of posterior tooth wear tended to be greater in the Narrinyeri. The application of the principal axis method to quantitative attrition data provided a sensitive, objective evaluation of tooth wear. The reasons for the observed differences between the two groups are still not completely clear but may reflect both functional and morphological differences between groups.

Australia↗

PubMedDate not supplied

Pulp-dentin biology in restorative dentistry. Part 5: Clinical management and tissue changes associated with wear and trauma.

Tooth wear occurs during normal mastication. Pathologic wear, including abrasion and erosion, may also take place. Formation of reactionary and reparative dentin and obturation of dentinal tubules are biologic responses that compensate for the loss of tissue. Physical trauma to teeth will affect the blood supply to the pulp. Extensive physical trauma may result in the formation of mineralized, often bonelike tissue in the pulp chamber. Minor trauma, such as that associated with orthodontic tooth movement, may exert transient effects on the pulp or it may result in permanent structural changes. No experimental data involving restorative work on traumatized teeth have been published, but available evidence suggests that special care may be necessary in the restoration of such teeth because their reaction patterns may differ from those in nontraumatized teeth.

Dental Deposits↗

PubMed1990

The accuracy of simple ordinal scoring of tooth attrition in age assessment.

Tooth wear is frequently used as a method of ageing skeletal remains. Fundamental to this method is the ability to measure the amount of tooth wear. The Brothwell chart based on the Miles method of ageing, uses simple ordinal scoring and is frequently used by archeologists. The purpose of the present investigation was to evaluate the accuracy of simple ordinal scoring in recording tooth wear and ageing skulls. A group of Chinese skulls of known age at death was used. The age range was from 16 to 60 years. A single score per molar tooth was used to record occlusal wear. The data were analysed by regression methods using BMDP statistical software. The results showed that molar tooth wear continues throughout the life of the individual. The first molar teeth wear significantly more quickly than do second molar teeth. Use of a simple ordinal score method for recording wear gives an inaccurate estimate of an individual skull's age at death with a very wide 95% confidence interval.

Adolescent↗

PubMed1987

Temporomandibular joint morphology in two Australian aboriginal populations.

The morphology of the temporomandibular joints in two Australian populations with previously established differences in patterns of tooth wear and craniofacial morphology did not differ significantly from that described in other comparable populations. The relationships between age and linear and angular measures of joint form were generally not significant, but the shape of the mandibular condyle was age-related, with flattening and cavitation of the posterior and medial aspects being more common in older age groups. Comparison of tooth-wear data in groups with different mandibular condylar shapes suggested that rapid anterior tooth wear was associated with flattening or cavitation of the condyle, while relatively rapid posterior tooth wear was more commonly associated with a convex condylar shape.

Adult↗

PubMed1984

Patterns of molar wear in hunger-gatherers and agriculturalists.

Tooth wear records valuable information on diet and methods of food preparation in prehistoric populations or extinct species. In this study, samples of modern and prehistoric hunger-gatherers and agriculturalists are used to test the hypothesis that there are systematic differences in patterns of tooth wear related to major differences in subsistence and food preparation. Flatness of molar wear is compared for five groups in hunger-gatherers (N = 298) and five groups of early agriculturalists (N = 365). Hunger-gatherers are predicted to develop flatter molar wear due to the mastication of tough and fibrous foods, whereas agriculturalists should develop oblique molar wear due to an increase in the proportion of ground and prepared food in the diet. A method is presented for the quantitative measurement and analysis of flatness of molar wear. Comparisons of wear plane angle are made between teeth matched for the same stage of occlusal surface wear, thus standardizing all groups to the same rate of wear. Agriculturalists develop highly angled occlusal wear planes on the entire molar dentition. Their wear plane angles tend to exceed hunger-gatherers by about 10 degrees in advanced wear. Wear plane angles are similar within subsistence divisions despite regional differences in particular foods. This approach can be used to provide supporting evidence of change in human subsistence and to test dietary hypotheses in hominoid evolution.

Agriculture↗

PubMed1997

Sports supplement drinks and dental health in competitive swimmers and cyclists.

AIM: To assess dental status and sports supplement uptake in swimmers and cyclists. To determine chemico-physical properties of the most popular sports drinks. DESIGN: Descriptive, prevalence study of tooth wear and caries experience. Questionnaire analysis of sports drinks usage. SETTING: Two public swimming pools in Liverpool and three cycle clubs in North West England. SUBJECTS AND METHOD: A convenience sample of swimmers and cyclists was examined for caries and tooth wear. A questionnaire ascertained which sports drinks were consumed and their pattern of consumption. pH and titratable acidity, concentrations of calcium, phosphate and fluoride, and viscosity were analysed. Salivary flow rate in response to these drinks and water was also determined. RESULTS: 25 swimmers and 20 cyclists participated. Caries experience and tooth wear into dentine (excluding incisally exposed dentine) was significantly more frequent among cyclists (P < 0.05). Cyclists had significantly more upper palatal wear (P < 0.001). Pattern of sport drink consumption between the two groups was significantly different (P < 0.001). pH range of the most popular sport drinks was 2.4-4.5. Salivary flow rate after a 1-minute rinse was significantly lower (P < 0.05) with one drink (0.47 ml/min) and water (0.41 ml/min) compared with the other drinks. CONCLUSIONS: An association between caries or erosive tooth wear and sport drink consumption was not found. However, the erosive potential of sport drinks is real and must be borne in mind as an aetiological factor for erosion in young people.

Adolescent↗

PubMed2000

Development and evaluation of a stand-alone web-based CAL program. A case study.

The use of web browser technology allows the construction of computer-aided learning programs which will have a familiar interface to dentists. This paper reports on the evaluation of a web-based CAL program which covered the topic of tooth wear with an emphasis on the rôle of erosion in its aetiology. Evaluation of the software was made by 50 dentists contacted by an electronic mailing list. They completed a questionnaire which evaluated aspects of the functionality of the program educational objectives. The average age of the dentists was 39 years (range 24-70) and 82% were male. The average time of use was 1 h 10 min (range 15 min to 3 h). A significant change in their knowledge of tooth wear before and after using the program was recorded. Both the use of patient cases and leaflets scored highly with other aspects such as treatment planning and patient advice receiving high marks. All dentists commented that they had gained greater knowledge with particular reference to treatment and advice of tooth wear problems. 34 dentists (68%) found the web interface easy to use. Negative comments were mainly attributed to the quality of the pictures (4/50) which were corrected in the final release version. Respondents were asked to compare the program to other educational media on the same subject. 80% rated this CAL program as better than video, and 14% claimed it was as good as video. 84% rated it better than books, and 14% said it was as good as books. 98% preferred it to audio tapes and 86% preferred it to journals. The average amount that they would pay for a CAL package such as "tooth wear" would be 42 ECU. It is concluded that web browser software is a suitable medium for the use of a CAL program and this is reflected in its ease of use by dentists.

Adult↗

PubMed2006

Do mandibular cross-sectional properties and dental microwear give similar dietary signals?

Previous animal experimental work evaluating the effects of dietary consistency on mastication was generally limited to studies of either mandibular structure or rates and types of tooth wear. Control groups fed hard diets (HD) consistently exhibited increased cortical remodeling and/or bone strength when compared to groups fed soft diets (SD). Results of tooth-wear studies showed faster rates of tooth wear in HD animals. This study evaluates the effects of dietary differences on both mandibular structural morphology and postcanine dental microwear in the same animals. We examined mandibles and dentitions from eight miniature swine, raised from 4 weeks to 9 months of age on HD and SD (n = 4, each group). Mandibular structural properties were calculated from peripheral quantitative computed tomography slices at the dp3-dp4 and dp4-M1 junctions. Dental microwear analysis was performed on mandibular lingual crushing facets of dp4 and M1, using photomicrographs of high-resolution casts taken at 500x magnification in a scanning electron microscope. Our results suggest that between the dp3-dp4 contact, HD animals have mandibles that are stronger and more rigid mediolaterally than SD animals. At the dp4-M1 contact, HD animals have mandibles that are stronger and more rigid mediolaterally, dorsoventrally, and in torsion than SD animals. Dental microwear results indicate that SD pigs have higher incidences of pitting and more overall microwear features on their premolars than do HD pigs, yet there are no significant differences in molar microwear morphology between the dietary groups. Near-significant correlations exist between pit size and dorsoventral bending strength, but only for HD pigs. These results suggest that dietary consistency significantly affects both mandibular structure and dental microwear, yet direct correlations between the two are complicated by a number of factors.

Animals↗

PubMed2003

Endodontic sequelae of dental erosion.

BACKGROUND: The incidence of pulp involvement in patients with excessive wear has not been extensively documented. METHODS: Clinical records of 448 patients with excessive tooth wear were reviewed and 52 cases (11.6 per cent) with near or frank pulp exposures or root canal treatments were found and their numbers and sites were tabulated. Light microscopy of study models was used to determine aetiology at each site of exposure as attrition, erosion or abrasion, scanning electron microscopy (SEM) was performed on some individual teeth. RESULTS: Forty sites of near exposure and 57 sites of frank exposures or root canal treatments were found, some cases had both types of exposure. The commonest sites exposed by erosion were the palatal surfaces of maxillary, and the incisal surfaces of mandibular anterior teeth. Posterior teeth were not commonly affected. Toothbrush abrasion had exacerbated some lesions as shown by SEM. CONCLUSIONS: Endodontic sequelae were found in 11 per cent of tooth wear patients as late stages of dental erosion. Near and frank exposures of the pulp thus constitute a small but significant, problem for the Australian dental profession's concern in the management of the tooth wear cases.

Adolescent↗

PubMed1999

Dental wear and growth performance in steers fed sweetpotato cannery waste.

OBJECTIVE: To determine whether feeding sweetpotato cannery waste (SPCW) to cattle had adverse effects on dental wear, growth performance, or ruminal tissues. DESIGN: Clinical trial. ANIMALS: 36 Holstein steers. PROCEDURE: Steers were assigned to 1 of 3 groups. All steers received ryegrass hay ad libitum. In addition, steers in group 1 were fed 3.2 kg of corn and soybean meal/steer/d, steers in group 2 were fed 0.45 kg of soybean meal/steer/d and SPCW ad libitum, and steers in group 3 were fed a mixture of SPCW and broiler litter ad libitum. Samples of rumen fluid were collected on day 56. Steers were slaughtered on day 84, and samples of rumen were submitted for histologic examination. Teeth from control steers were removed, and calcium ion loss in response to etching with 2.28% lactic acid solutions buffered to pH of 3.75, 4.0, 4.25, 4.5, and 4.75 was determined. RESULTS: Average daily gain was lower for steers fed SPCW than for steers in the other 2 groups. Steers fed the SPCW-broiler litter mixture had only mild increases in tooth wear and tooth color scores, compared with control steers, whereas steers fed unbuffered SPCW had substantial increases in tooth wear and tooth color scores. Histologic abnormalities were detected in rumens from steers fed diets containing SPCW. Calcium ion loss decreased as pH of the etching solution increased. CLINICAL IMPLICATIONS: Results indicate that feeding cattle unbuffered SPCW can cause dental erosion, ruminal epithelial changes, and poor growth; however, SPCW buffered with broiler litter can be used as a cattle feed.

Ammonia↗

PubMedDate not supplied

Canine risers: indications and techniques for their use.

Tooth wear leads to alterations in both static and functional occlusal contacts and may contribute to temporomandibular joint disorders and dysfunction. Treatment of tooth wear may be time consuming, expensive and destructive of remaining tooth tissues. Bruxism has been associated with the recording of abnormally high clenching forces. This paper describes a technique for the provision of the canine riser restoration, which deliberately alters the cuspal incline in canine teeth to provide a canine guided occlusion. These restorations may help to control excessive loading of teeth, limit further tooth wear and assist in the management of temporomandibular disorders and dysfunction.

Bruxism↗

PubMed1989

Differences in the rate of molar wear between monkeys raised on different diets.

The purpose of this study was to make detailed comparisons of rates and patterns of tooth wear in 15 growing vervet monkeys raised on hard vs. soft diets. Dental impressions were taken every six to eight weeks over a four-year period. Cusp heights and areas of dentin exposure on the buccal cusps of the left mandibular first molar were measured from high-resolution epoxy casts, by use of a Reflex Measuring Microscope. Areas of dentin exposure were regressed against time (by use of least-squares regression) so that the course of tooth wear in animals from both diet groups could be charted. By use of a two-sample t test and the Mann-Whitney test, slopes of the regressions and changes in cusp height were compared between diet groups. In both comparisons, animals raised on the hard diet showed more rapid tooth wear than did animals raised on the soft diet. Analyses of other parameters indicate that this was probably because of differences in dietary consistency between the two groups.

Animals↗

PubMed2002

Dental erosion patterns from intrinsic acid regurgitation and vomiting.

BACKGROUND: The distribution of lesions from dental erosion due to intrinsic acid regurgitation and vomiting may be different from patterns of dental erosion due to extrinsic acids. To date studies have failed to validate this assumption. This study described the sites and nature of lesions from dental erosion in cases of intrinsic acid regurgitation, and compared them with the distribution of lesions occurring in age and sex matched controls, whose lesions are due to extrinsic acids. METHODS: The University of Queensland tooth wear clinic patients were screened to select 30 cases, 21 self-identified bulimics and nine medically diagnosed chronic gastric acid regurgitators, and 30 controls. Epoxy resin models of the subjects' dentition were examined under stereoscopic light microscope at magnification 16 to 40. The patterns and sites of tooth wear were recorded for teeth representative of 20 tooth sites in every subject. RESULTS: While the incisal edges of maxillary and mandibular anterior teeth of acid regurgitators were more frequently affected by erosion, incisal attrition was more common on controls' teeth. Cervical lesions were more commonly found in association with incisal attrition in the controls, and in association with incisal erosion in the cases. In 10 per cent of sites in case subjects, cervical lesions associated with incisal erosion were found on the lingual aspects of their mandibular incisors, canines and premolars. These lesions were almost exclusive to the case subjects. CONCLUSIONS: These results validate that lingual cervical lesions associated with incisal erosion on the mandibular anterior teeth are strong discriminators between tooth wear in patients with bulimia nervosa or chronic gastro-oesophageal reflux and those whose dental erosion is due to extrinsic acids.

Adult↗

PubMed2001

Effects of age, sex and density on body weight of Norwegian red deer: evidence of density-dependent senescence.

There are only a few recent studies that have demonstrated senescence in ungulates and nothing is known regarding how patterns of senescence may vary as a function of density Senescence in general is linked to the cost of reproduction, which probably increases with density in ungulates and may differ between the sexes. Further, senescence in ungulates is also regarded to be a function of tooth wear rates. As density dependence and sexual differences in food choice have been well documented, this may lead to different tooth wear rates and, thus, possibly density-dependent and sex-specific patterns of senescence. We therefore investigated the effects of age, sex, density and their possible interactions on the variability of body weight in 29,047 red deer harvested during 1965-1998 from Norway, out of which 380 males and 1452 females were eight years or older. There was clear evidence that spatio-temporal variation in density correlated negatively with body weights. In addition, there was evidence of senescence in both male and female red deer. Age at onset of senescence in females was after 20 years of age and independent of population density. In males, the onset and rate of senescence increased with increasing population density. The onset of senescence for males was at ca. 12 years of age at low density, but decreased to approximately ten years of age at high density. The pattern of density-dependent senescence in males, but not that in females, can be explained if (i) the cost of reproduction increases with density more strongly in male than in female red deer, and/or (ii) tooth wear rates are density dependent in males, but not in females. We discuss the ability of these two different, not mutually exclusive hypotheses in explaining the observed pattern of senescence.

Aging↗