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At least 253 records · Page 14Linked to original sources
PubMed2006

Robotic virtual endoscopy: development of a multidirectional rigid endoscope.

INTRODUCTION: The use of neuroendoscopy has increased in the past 20 years. Despite an increase in the number of indications for use, novel adjuncts and modifications to existing endoscopes remain all but nonexistent. We introduce a robotic virtual endoscope with applications for neurosurgery that could serve as a novel step in the evolution of future endoscopic technologies. METHODS: Over the past 8 years, we have worked on the construction of a prototype endoscope with three degrees of freedom that was designed to allow for enhanced safety while maximizing the benefits of virtual field rendition and robotic control. We have developed a prototype to examine a cerebral ventricular model in vitro that functions via either a direct video- or computer-based interface. RESULTS: Assessment of viewing angulation with robotic feedback has verified the accuracy of the prototype. Models support the ability of the endoscope to localize regions identified via a software interface. CONCLUSION: The endoscope is a rigid virtual robotic endoscope that provides complete visual coverage of a three-dimensional space by controlling an adjustable viewing direction with three degrees of freedom.

Endoscopes↗
PubMed2006

The yips in golf: multimodal evidence for two subtypes.

PURPOSE: To determine whether a model of two subtypes of yips is supported by evidence from a range of physiological, behavioral, and psychological measures. METHODS: Fifteen golfers who experience yips symptoms while putting (mean age 58.1 yr, SD 13.6 yr), and nine golfers with no yips symptoms (mean age 39.6 yr, SD 19.3 yr) were recruited. Participants completed a golf history questionnaire to determine their playing experience and the nature of any yips symptoms experienced. In experiment 1, participants performed a putting task while electromyographic data were recorded from the forearm flexors and extensors and biceps brachii, bilaterally. The task was performed in two sessions, under low-pressure and high-pressure experimental conditions. The high-pressure condition was intended to increase anxiety through the use of a monetary incentive, video-taping of performance, and the presence of a confederate who provided negative feedback. Participants' state of anxiety was assessed using a questionnaire before each of the experimental sessions. In experiment 2, participants completed a task that required the inhibition of an anticipated response. Their accuracy and ability to inhibit their response was determined. RESULTS: The golfers who experienced yips could be categorized according to whether they reported mainly movement-related symptoms (Type I) or anxiety-related symptoms (Type II). The Type I group exhibited greater muscle activity during putting and greater errors and less inhibition of the anticipated response task. The Type II group exhibited greater changes in cognitive anxiety and normal performance of the anticipated response task. CONCLUSION: This study provides evidence in support of two yips subtypes. Type I is related to impaired movement initiation and execution, whereas Type II is related to performance anxiety.

Adolescent↗
PubMed2003

Three-dimensional tracking of fluorescent nanoparticles with subnanometer precision by use of off-focus imaging.

We show that the position of a fluorescent nanoparticle can be measured in three dimensions with subnanometer precision and 100-ms temporal resolution by use of standard epifluorescence video imaging in off-focus mode. The particle can be tracked without feedback in a volume of at least 40 microm x 60 microm x 3 microm. With the technique presented, the structure-mobility relationship of 216-nm latex particle in a porous polymer network was studied in three dimensions.

Fluorescence↗
PubMed2004

Enhancement of prosthetics and orthotics learning and teaching through e-Learning technology and methodology.

A Write-Once Publish-Everywhere model was used to create and deliver on-line clinical training and education for undergraduate prosthetics and orthotics students. This project consisted of three phases: developing multimedia learning and teaching tools, integrating these tools into the curriculum (combination of e-Learning and live practical sessions), and evaluating the outcomes. Video-based multimedia contents were captured and integrated with graphic, audio and text into a PowerPoint presentation software format. The web-based content was integrated into the WebCT platform for course management. Questionnaires were used to obtain student feedback on this e-Learning approach. Results were compared within the prosthetics and orthotics (P&O) programme, with other Health Sciences programmes, and overall with the University. P&O student responses were significantly higher than other groups for career relevance and problem solving. Qualitative feedback indicated that students appreciated the easy access, integrated and interactive approach of the text materials, concise PowerPoint presentation, demonstration video and the on-line case discussion via the WebCT platform. Educators appreciated the ability easily to maintain contents and publish the modules across multiple media without recreating the contents.

Adult↗
PubMed2006

Development and qualitative assessment of the GAME(Cycle) exercise system.

Increased physical activity is important for reducing the risk of cardiovascular disease. However, among people with disabilities, inactivity is prevalent. In order to encourage exercise among members of this group, an exercise system combining arm ergometry with video gaming, called the GAME(Cycle) was previously developed. User input was received through an arm crank ergometer on a swivel, with the angular velocity of the ergometer resistance wheel controlling one axis and rotation of ergometer about the swivel controlling the other. The purpose of this study was to detail the algorithms used in this device and present novel features included in a second generation of the GAME(Cycle). The features include a wheel on base, a steering return mechanism, and wireless fire buttons. A focus group of clinicians (n = 8), wheelchair users (n = 8), and clinician wheelchair users (n = 2) was conducted to evaluate the features of the GAME(Cycle). The focus group suggested improvements to the steering mechanism and to reduce vibration in the system. However, the focus group enjoyed the GAME(Cycle) and felt that it would encourage exercise among persons with disabilities.

Algorithms↗
PubMed1994

Effect of luminal Cl- and Ca2+ on tubuloglomerular feedback mechanism.

We dissected and perfused in vitro rabbit cortical thick ascending limbs (CTAL) and distal convoluted tubule with the glomerulus attached intact. Basolateral membrane voltage (Vbl) and intracellular Ca2+ concentration ([Ca2+]i) in macula densa (MD) cells were measured with microelectrodes and microscope photometry, respectively. Our data suggest that the apical membrane of MD cell has a Ca2+ entry pathway, and that the basolateral membrane of MD cell has a Cl- conductance, which may be regulated by the [Ca2+]i in MD cell. We next evaluated by measuring the afferent arteriolar diameter with video camera monitoring whether the change in Ca2+ concentration of macula densa tubular lumen indeed affect tubuloglomerular feedback. The data suggest that the changes in luminal Ca2+ as well as Cl- concentration at macula densa independently alter the afferent arteriolar diameter, thus may affect the single nephron glomerular filtration rate.

Animals↗
PubMed1988

Videotaped materials in a school-based smoking prevention program.

The theory used to frame school-based tobacco use prevention programs is general, and such programs are difficult to replicate. This article seeks to offer a model for prevention videotape production, which other researchers can replicate and improve, and to present an analysis of potential merits and drawbacks of such production. To accomplish these goals, this article presents a detailed description of a school-based prevention program and the videotaped materials used in its curriculum. The theoretical and empirical bases for the project are delineated, and the study design is summarized. A detailed outline of the multi-grade curriculum program is presented, including the rationale behind critical program features, a description of specific curriculum strands, and the way in which videotaped materials fit into each strand. The rationale for using videotaped materials within the theoretical framework is discussed. Each videotape is briefly described. An account of video production, a process extending over 4 years, is set forth, including the student feedback data that helped to shape the production process, formatting, script decisions, casting, location, and the actual filming procedure.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1989

Peripheral vision and simple catching: the screen paradigm revisited.

The importance of effector visual feedback has previously been indicated using an opaque screen to prevent sight of the catching hand for the final 150-200 ms of a flight path of 850 ms in total. Attention was drawn to the finding that the ability to position the arm correctly in the line of flight of the ball deteriorated as a consequence of the number of trials without visual feedback. However, the use of only 20 test trials allows a possibility that the proprioceptive system may be able to re-establish predominant control under conditions of prolonged visual decrement. In order to verify this notion, the number of experimental trials was quadrupled for 24 subjects of mixed sex in a replication of the initial paradigm. The results provided preliminary support for the view that the positioning of the catching arm is more seriously affected by visual occlusion than the timing of the grasp phase. However, increments in accuracy of limb orientation were evidenced in all screen conditions, as the number of trials increased. The grasp component of one-handed catching appeared to remain unaffected by the increase in experimental trials. The relative influence of skill level on catching errors was next addressed by comparing the performance of the six best and worst catchers in the group. The results did not support previous research which found a relation between skill level and error type. The number of position, but not grasp, errors decreased as a function of task practice for both subgroups. Future investigations should, perhaps, focus on the developmental nature of movement control in one-handed catching to obtain a clearer picture of this relation.

Adult↗
PubMed2004

Giving feedback to learners in the practice.

BACKGROUND: Many general practitioners accept vocational registrars and medical students into their practice. Giving feedback to students on their work performance is an essential component of teaching in general OBJECTIVE: This article examines the central role of feedback in the teaching of medical students and registrars and provides practical guidelines on how to provide feedback in the setting of a busy general practice, describes some barriers and pitfalls, and provides a registrar's perspective on what learners see as important. DISCUSSION: For feedback to be effective, it must be given in a supportive environment. Feedback that is specific to the learner performance is highly valued by learners, whereas nonspecific evaluative feedback is less valued. The mentoring relationship between teacher and learner is crucial to giving effective feedback. Learners appreciate a teacher's help identifying any area for improvement, then being given the chance to work out the answers for themselves instead of being told exactly what to do by the more experienced teacher.

Education, Medical↗
PubMed1998

What determines competence within a general practice consultation? Assessment of consultation skills using simulated surgeries.

A method for assessing the consultation skills required in general practice using patient simulators within a simulated surgery has been developed in Leicester, aimed at registrars coming to the end of their three-year training programme. This paper addresses the issues of validity, describing the technique as it has evolved over the past three years, and paying particular attention to ways in which the consultation was made to feel 'real' for candidates. As well as testing clinical issues during consultations, simulated surgery incorporates the views of the patient into the assessment process. Feedback from registrars has been positive and the method presents an alternative to video-recording the consultation for the purpose of assessment.

Clinical Competence↗
PubMed2002

An advanced communication skills course for fourth-year, post-clerkship students.

OBJECTIVE: A novel five-module advanced communication skills course entitled "Doctor-Patient Relationships" was planned and implemented in 2000-01 at the University of British Columbia (UBC). The course was part of the final four-month component of the new MD undergraduate program: Effective Skills for Medical Practice. The goals of the communication skills course were to (1) address problems experienced by the students so far; (2) address deficiencies in achieving the UBC exit competencies; (3) help the students pass the Medical Council of Canada examinations, in particular objectives related to the Considerations of the Legal, Ethical, and Organizational aspects of the practice of medicine (CLEO); and (4) help students prepare for their roles beyond undergraduate medicine (residency, independent practice). DESCRIPTION: The course was developed by an interdisciplinary team (family practice, pathology, pediatrics, psychiatry, surgery) with input from students. The broad strengths and weaknesses of their communication skills training were identified by seven third-year medical students who kept logs over the course of their clinical clerkships to document their learning of communication skills. Analysis of these logs plus feedback meetings with the students revealed attitudinal and skills issues that needed to be addressed in the new course. The goals and principles of the course were in part agreed upon by focus groups with students, attended by faculty observers, to ensure their relevance to students. The first module "Beyond the Mask: Surviving and Thriving in Residency Training" is designed to focus students' attention on the personal relevance of developing excellence in communication skills in preparation for residency training. It includes a video of residents talking about their experiences of communication problems to trigger reflection and discussion. In the remaining four modules the students are required to put communication skills together with their medical knowledge. Each module includes pre-readings, video demonstrations (in sessions 4 and 5), practice with standardized patients (total of 14 scenarios) and structured feedback from SPs, students, and tutor. The themes of the sessions are "Dealing with Emotionally Challenging Patient Situations (informing about bad news), "Compliance and Patient Information," "Informed Consent and Shared Decision Making," and "Difficult Physician-Patient Encounters." Each module lasts two hours. The course was implemented for 120 students, facilitated by 14 tutors (seven to eight students per group). DISCUSSION: Student involvement in many different ways provided an important reality check and made us think about how to present the new course so that it was relevant and interesting to students. Attention to student input was a major contributor to the good evaluations given the course. Students rated the course highly: the relevance of the weekly themes was rated 4.21 on a five-point scale; the effectiveness of the SP interviews, 4.10; the effectiveness of the group discussion and feedback, 4.18; and overall course effectiveness in enhancing communication skills, 3.91. The tutors also rated the course highly, and the students rated the tutors highly. Minor changes will be made to the course next year based on the specific suggestions for improvement, which were identified.

British Columbia↗
PubMed1995

Use of different imagery perspectives on the learning and performance of different motor skills.

Two experiments are reported which examine the relative efficacy of different imagery perspectives on a slalom type and a gymnastic type task. Twenty-four able-bodies sport, health and physical education students were allocated to either an internal visual imagery group or an external visual imagery group. In both experiments subjects watched video-recordings of someone completing the tasks, then performed five blocks of three trials with feedback after each block, and internal/external visual imagery before each trial. A transfer/retention trial was performed one week later. The tasks were a wheelchair slalom task and a pseudogymnastics routine performed using rhythmic gymnastics clubs to show static positions. The slalom task results suggested that in the retention test, the external visual imagery group focused on the speed of performance, whilst the internal visual imagery group focused on the accuracy of performance. These findings were interpreted as suggesting that internal visual imagery was more effective for the planning of action in response to changes in a visual field. However, in the gymnastics task, contrary to previous suggestions, external visual imagery was found to be more effective than internal visual imagery for both learning and subsequent retention. The roles of internal and external visual imagery are discussed in terms of task characteristics and the observational learning literature.

Analysis of Variance↗
PubMed1977

Patient simulators in teaching patient education skills to family practice residents.

The University of Texas Medical Branch Family Medicine Residency includes in its curriculum the use of interviews with simulated patients for the teaching of patient education skills. Success with simulated cases requires careful programming of the stimulator, realistic situations, and objective evaluation and feedback for the residents. This paper describes the "patient education guidelines" which we used in programming a simulated patient, as well as specific objectives for the content of the residents' interviews and a rating form for evaluating the educational process used by the residents. The interviews with a simulated patient were video taped for review by faculty and residents, using the content objectives and the rating form as aids in the feedback session.

Cholecystectomy↗
PubMed1984

Procedures for the selection of spastic dysphonia patients for recurrent laryngeal nerve section.

Patients with spastic dysphonia were studied to identify the characteristics of patients benefiting from recurrent laryngeal nerve (RLN) surgery. Studies included laryngeal video recordings made during speech, measures of frequency and amplitude variations during extended phonation, the effects of altered auditory feedback on dysfluencies, and temporary unilateral RLN block. Two patients had vocal fold adductor spasms during connected speech, had increased acoustic phonatory tremor in frequency, were not benefited by altered auditory feedback, and responded favorably to nerve block. Subsequent RLN section improved the speech of both patients. Other patients had speech blocks, repetitions and prolongations, vocal fold tremors during phonation, reduced dysfluencies during altered auditory feedback, and were not benefited by temporary nerve block. Two subtypes of spastic dysphonic patients are proposed.

Adult↗
PubMed2003

An Internet-based store-and-forward video home telehealth system for improving asthma outcomes in children.

The adherence and disease-control outcomes associated with the use of an Internet-based store-and-forward video home telehealth system to manage asthma in children were studied. Pediatric patients with persistent asthma were provided with home computers and Internet access and monitored biweekly over the Internet. All patients were seen in the pediatric clinic at 0, 2, 6, 12, and 24 weeks. Half of the patients received asthma education in person and half via an interactive Web site. Adherence measures were assessed by therapeutic and diagnostic monitoring. Therapeutic monitoring included digital videos of patients using their controller medication inhaler. Diagnostic monitoring included an asthma symptom diary and a video of peak flow meter use. Videos were submitted electronically twice a week by using in-home telemonitoring with store-and-forward technology. Feedback was provided electronically to each patient. Disease control was assessed by examining quality of life, utilization of services, rescue-therapy use, symptom control, satisfaction with home telemonitoring, and retention of asthma knowledge. Patients were randomly assigned to an asthma education group (Internet versus office), and the data were analyzed by comparing results for study days 0-90 and 91-180. Ten children participated. A total of 321 videos of inhaler use and 309 videos of peak flow meter use were submitted. Inhaler technique scores improved significantly in the second study period. Submission of diagnostic monitoring videos and asthma diary entries decreased significantly. Peak flow values as a percentage of personal best values increased significantly. Overall, there was no change in quality of life reported by patients. However, the caregivers in the virtual-education group reported an increase in the patients' quality-of-life survey scores. Emergency department visits and hospital admissions for asthma were avoided. Rescue therapy was infrequent. A high rate of satisfaction with home telemonitoring was reported. Internet-based, store-and-forward video assessment of children's use of asthma medications and monitoring tools in their homes appeared effective and well accepted.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1989

Effects of goal-related motivational states on the orienting of spatial attention.

Three experiments are presented indicating that motivational processes arising from incentive and feedback signals exert specific effects on the orienting of visual spatial attention. Subjects played a video game in which targets were presented in one of two peripheral locations. Pre-target cues were employed to orient attention to a location where points could be gained (positive incentive cue), to a location where points could be lost (negative incentive cue) or to neither location (neutral cue). Cost-benefit analyses were used to assess the consequences of such orienting. Although there was no evidence of general attentional biases favoring positive over negative incentives, all three experiments demonstrated an interaction between the incentive value of the current trial and the outcome of the previous trial. Following unsuccessful outcomes, attentional costs were greater for positive than negative incentives, whereas following successful outcomes, costs were larger for negative than positive cues. This pattern was evident for tasks involving detection, perceptual discrimination and memory scanning. These findings are discussed in light of contemporary models of motivation and the control of attention.

Adult↗
PubMed2006

Young children's use of a delayed video representation to solve a retrieval problem pertaining to self.

The experiments reported here were concerned with the development of delayed self-recognition. Children were videotaped playing a game and were marked covertly with a sticker on their forehead while doing so. The findings, of both a cross-sectional sample and a prospective longitudinal one, revealed that 3- but not 2.5-year-old children reached to remove this sticker reliably during video playback only after they had been trained to use the video to guide their search for an object that was not directly visible to the unaided eye. It appears that by 3 years of age children understand that their briefly delayed self video-representation is related to their present self. In contrast, while 2.5-year-olds can use delayed video information to locate objects in space that cannot be seen by the unaided eye, they cannot use this type of information to locate an object that pertains to a part of self that is not directly visible, such as a sticker on one's hair. The findings are discussed in terms of the emergence of an extended sense of self.

Age Factors↗