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Results for “data accessibility”

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At least 253 records · Page 14Linked to original sources

PubMed2000

Coordinate-independent mapping of structural and functional data by objective relational transformation (ORT).

Neuroscience has produced an enormous amount of structural and functional data. Powerful database systems are required to make these data accessible for computational approaches such as higher-order analyses and simulations. Available databases for key data such as anatomical and functional connectivity between cortical areas, however, are still hampered by methodological problems. These problems arise predominantly from the parcellation problem, the use of incongruent parcellation schemes by different authors. We here present a coordinate-independent mathematical method to overcome this problem: objective relational transformation (ORT). Based on new classifications for brain data and on methods from theoretical computer science, ORT represents a formally defined, transparent transformation method for reproducible, coordinate-independent mapping of brain data to freely chosen parcellation schemes. We describe the methodology of ORT and discuss its strengths and limitations. Using two practical examples, we show that ORT in conjunction with connectivity databases like CoCoMac (http://www.cocomac.org) is an important tool for analyses of cortical organization and structure-function relationships.

Animals↗

PubMed1996

Data protection and security within TANIT.

The word "TANIT" means "Telematics for ANaesthesia and Intensive Therapy". The objective of the TANIT project is to develop information and telematic systems in critical care environments that are integrated in the hospital information space. The goal is to produce an integrated European reference computer for Critical Care Environments (CCE). For this purpose, TANIT is developing methods and guidelines for the design, implementation, introduction and evaluation of systems, successful patient data management, medical/nursing activities, clinical audit, and departmental management for Anaesthesia and Intensive Care. In this context, the task of Workpackage PROTEC-Data Protection, Security and Confidentiality- was to develop confidentiality rules for personal and management data which arise in a CCE context, and at the same time to establish procedures that will allow medical personnel all data access needed for successful treatment of their patients. Furthermore, PROTEC proposed technical methods to protect sensitive data in the computerized records.

Anesthesia Department, Hospital↗

PubMed1984

The Canadian Nutrient File.

Rapid Calculation of the nutrient content of foods and diets requires a current, easily accessible data base. The Canadian Nutrient File is a computerized information bank containing average values for nutrients in foods available in Canada. For easy accessibility, it contains subfiles for food names, nutrient names, and nutrient amounts. Users of the data should appreciate the limitations of this multi-use file.

Canada↗

PubMed1991

Biological assays for irritant, tumor-initiating and -promoting activities. III. Computer-assisted management and validation of biodata generated by standardized initiation/promotion protocols in skin of mice.

The initiation/promotion standard protocol 28 (protocol 28), developed and used previously as an experimental model to verify the cancerogenic process of initiation/promotion in mouse skin, was revised in three aspects: (a) statistically it was shown sufficient to use, per promoter dose group, 16 colony-outbred female NMRI mice: (b) by weekly individual records of tumor response (and health status) of each mouse in a dose group, cumulative tumor incidences (and mean and extreme body weights) are determined; from these data the collective records (tumor response, health status), the only data accessible from protocol 28, may be generated in addition; (c) the details of dose groups and all data on tumor response and health status are processed by computer using the program package PAPILLOM. The latter was developed specifically for this purpose, is written in the programming language APL and designed for easy handling by staff of animal laboratories. The program package calculates, from the individual records per promoter dose group, cumulative tumor incidences (and survival data) with confidence limits for any one exposure time, and the package may be linked to programs for statistical validations. In addition, from the collective records it calculates the tumor rates, tumor yields and survival rates for any one exposure time. These data, obtained by either of the standard protocols (16 or 28), are fully comparable. For pure compounds they may be used to calculate semiquantitative tumor-promoting potencies. These values for more than 80 polyfunctional diterpenes of the tigliane, ingenane and daphnane type, scattered in or calculated from previous papers, together with their irritancies, were compiled. Within recent years, computer-assisted standard protocol 16 has been used to handle and evaluate about 1000 promoter dose groups. Protocol 16 allows one to extract and utilize more and better toxicological information on tumor response and health status from any one dose group, utilizing significantly fewer experimental animals than required by protocol 28. Thus, the computer-assisted standard protocol 16 optimizes the utility of the experimental model of mouse skin for the amount, quality and management of experimental data as well as for the requirements of animal protection.

Animals↗

PubMed2026

Safeguarding biomedical AI: a critical scoping review of privacy-enhancing technologies, hybrid approaches, and deployment models.

BACKGROUND: Biomedical artificial intelligence (AI) requires the integration of privacy-enhancing technologies (PETs) to safeguard sensitive clinical, imaging, and genomic data while preserving analytical utility. OBJECTIVES: This review critically and systematically maps applications of PETs across the biomedical AI lifecycle in accordance with PRISMA-ScR guidelines and evaluates their technical trade-offs, deployment feasibility, and residual risks. METHODS: We systematically searched PubMed, IEEE Xplore, ACM Digital Library, and Scopus for studies published between 2015 and 2025. Eligible studies addressed differential privacy, federated learning, secure multiparty computation, homomorphic encryption, or hybrid approaches in biomedical AI. Data were charted on PET type, modality, lifecycle stage, utility metrics, privacy parameters, and deployment considerations. A critical appraisal rubric assessed threat-model adequacy, methodological clarity, reproducibility, privacy-utility transparency, and deployment realism. Additionally, we hand-searched major venues (USENIX Security, NeurIPS, AAAI) and screened Google Scholar for grey literature, applying de-duplication across sources. RESULTS: We identified 87 studies spanning clinical decision support, genomics, and medical imaging. From 25,761 initial records, 3,754 underwent title/abstract screening and 1,968 underwent full-text assessment. PETs demonstrated distinct strengths and limitations: differential privacy provided provable guarantees but reduced performance on imbalanced data; federated learning improved data access but remained vulnerable to gradient leakage; and cryptographic methods ensured confidentiality at high computational cost. Synthetic data generation supported privacy-conscious data sharing and benchmarking but remained sensitive to disclosure risk, fidelity loss, and subgroup representation. Hybrid and emerging approaches, including trusted execution environments, zero-knowledge proofs, and privacy-preserving transformer architectures, mitigated composability gaps yet lacked full end-to-end assurance. Case studies at hospital and biobank scale illustrated practical feasibility and infrastructure demands. CONCLUSIONS: Situating PETs within technical and operational contexts clarifies their capabilities, limitations, and deployment challenges. Residual risks persist, including fairness concerns, inference-time leakage, and overreliance on PETs as compliance proxies. Sustained technical innovation and institutional governance remain essential for the trustworthy integration of PETs in biomedical AI.

biomedical AI↗

PubMed2003

The use of the evidence-based approach in a periodontal therapy contemporary science workshop.

BACKGROUND: When appropriately evaluated and carefully managed, the integration of emerging technology into practice can improve health and enhance the quality of life. Since the last American Academy of Periodontology Workshop in 1996, great technological advances in the areas of data access, retrieval, and management have been made. The World Wide Web has "exploded" with great possibilities for gathering data from many sources. Evaluation methods such as meta-analysis and modeling have likewise improved, permitting a more objective and useful assessment of the retrieved information. The purpose of this paper is to demonstrate how the evidence-based (EB) approach was used to plan and implement a consensus conference on periodontal therapy, the Workshop on Contemporary Science in Clinical Periodontics. RATIONALE: The methodologies and philosophies associated with the EB approach provided the ideal framework for assessing the applicability of the newest clinical research to patient therapy. METHODS: Evidence-based systematic reviews on 15 topics associated with contemporary clinical periodontal practice were conducted prior to the Workshop. High standards of scientific rigor and scholarly ideals were stressed throughout the process. At the highly structured conference the reviews served as the basis for development of consensus reports that include implications for practice and research. MATERIAL COVERED: 1. The rationale, design, and implementation of a conference on contemporary clinical periodontics using an evidence-based approach. 2. Data management, clinical versus statistical significance, and the challenges of technology transfer and dissemination. 3. The benefits and limitations of using the EB approach in a consensus conference. CONCLUSIONS: The consensus statements resulting from the conference should serve to augment clinical decision-making, research priorities, education, and reimbursement. The evidence-based approach removed much of the subjectivity traditionally associated with classical reviews of the literature and allowed participants to focus on substantive issues.

Consensus Statements as Topic↗

PubMed1989

Using microcomputers to improve the timeliness, accuracy, and accessibility of clinical data.

This article presents a microcomputer system as a solution to achieve timely, accurate and accessible clinical data. The article describes the components of the clinical data system as well as its functionality. The advantages of automated encoders for coding, editing and grouping of clinical data are outlined, as well as the advantages of relational database software for clinical data management. Clinical data support a myriad of activities within the health care facility. The microcomputer system provides the departmental user with flexibility and customization to meet and manage the ever-changing clinical data requirements. Client hospital experience demonstrate, not only an increase in the accuracy and availability of data, but also an increase in the productivity of the data collection process itself.

Abstracting and Indexing↗

PubMed2003

Introducing personal digital assistants to family physician teachers.

BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVES: In our previous projects, students and residents have readily adopted personal digital assistants (PDAs), but faculty have generally been reluctant. The objective of the project reported here was to maximize adoption of PDAs by our faculty, using a combination of strategies. METHODS: Through cost-shared funding, we provided full-time and community teachers with PocketPCs or Handspring Visors, along with preinstalled medical software. Use patterns and satisfaction were assessed by structured questionnaire and focus group discussions. RESULTS: For the calendar, address book, and pharmacopoeia, we found that 83% of faculty use these two to three times per day. Cost sharing and software preinstallation were popular. Device synchronization and e-mail showed potential but caused problems. Easy access to technical support from peers and a variety of information-sharing structures eased maintenance issues. Point-of-care data access was important to faculty. CONCLUSIONS: With the right support structures, faculty adopt PDAs in clinical and teaching settings.

Computers, Handheld↗

PubMed1993

Computer applications in health care.

Computers are playing an ever-increasing role in health care. Computer-based medical records can improve data access, retrieval, output, decision support, and quality assurance. The author discusses computer innovation in medical record-keeping, laboratory data reporting, and drug delivery.

Clinical Laboratory Information Systems↗

PubMed2006

A secure semantic interoperability infrastructure for inter-enterprise sharing of electronic healthcare records.

Healthcare professionals need access to accurate and complete healthcare records for effective assessment, diagnosis and treatment of patients. The non-interoperability of healthcare information systems means that interenterprise access to a patient's history over many distributed encounters is difficult to achieve. The ARTEMIS project has developed a secure semantic web service infrastructure for the interoperability of healthcare information systems. Healthcare professionals share services and medical information using a web service annotation and mediation environment based on functional and clinical semantics derived from healthcare standards. Healthcare professionals discover medical information about individuals using a patient identification protocol based on pseudonymous information. The management of care pathways and access to medical information is based on a well-defined business process allowing healthcare providers to negotiate collaboration and data access agreements within the context of strict legislative frameworks.

Computer Security↗

PubMedDate not supplied

[Epidemiological monitoring of psychological, neurological and sensory handicaps in the 0-24-year-old Abruzzo population (Italy). Preliminary results].

OBJECTIVE: To describe the setting up of the Abruzzo Region (Italy) Service for Prevention and Epidemiological Register of Handicaps, to show prevalence data of occurring diseases and fit regression models aimed at explicating disease occurrence in terms of risk factors; to discuss services access data in terms of their efficacy in fitting social and health needs. SETTING AND DESIGN: We managed data obtained from a regional information system, based upon primary information sources operating in the Local Health Agencies (i.e. school medicine services, general practitioners, paediatricians, familiar counseling services, rehabilitation centers) and specialistic structures for diagnostic detection (multidisciplinary school équipes, hospital division of infant neuropsychiatry, outpatient infant neuropsychiatry services). The data managing model is a population-based epidemiological register. The target population is the 0-24 years population of the Abruzzo Region. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES: Occurrence data are expressed as prevalence rates, using standardisation according to the global population of the area of interest. Diagnoses have been defined according to the standard ICD-9 and ICD-10 criteria; definition of handicaps has been made according to the WHO classification (1981). Association between indicator (socio-demographic and anamnestic) variables and occurrence of disease has been fitted by logistic regression models. RESULTS: Prevalence estimates obtained for the main infant neuropsychiatric diseases, as well as for the main handicap-determining genetic and/or congenital diseases, are consistent with the findings of literature in similar settings. An exception is the high occurrence of hyperkinetic disorders in both sexes. Rehabilitation is the main health need for all diagnostic axes. With respect to social needs, school and home personal care seem to be scarcely relevant if related to disease prevalence. Logistic regression analysis indicates socio-economic status and presence of handicapped relatives in the family as factors associated with the occurrence of disease. Respectively, the two factors are negatively associated with the occurrence of hyperkinetic disorders and positively associated with occurrence of mental retardation. Moreover, living in a natural family is negatively associated with evolutive disorders. CONCLUSIONS: This is a report about the preliminary results obtained by a specialised register for infant psychological and neurological handicaps. The findings suggest, as operating indications, the standardisation of diagnostic procedures and the definition of common managing guidelines in different areas. Anyhow, the findings of this report highlight the importance of an epidemiological knowledge of handicap in order to design correct prevention strategies and health services planning.

Adolescent↗

PubMed1993

Enhancing case management through computerized patient files.

The need for developing an organizational system for managing a large patient specialty population prompted the use of a computerized data entry and retrieval system. The use of a computerized system has facilitated patient case management, chart organization, and development of accessible data for research. Patient data fields (topic headings) are used for: (1) storing specific categories of patient data, (2) compiling lists for management and research, and (3) referring physician and patient/family contact information. Various lists can be compiled from the field data base in order to develop research and patient management lists. Patient management lists are used to track a patient's progress, provide quality assurance of care, and contribute researchable data. Also, patient information can be transferred automatically from the computerized daily management system into a computerized form letter. Individualized patient letters may be generated. Laboratory and test information from the last clinic or hospital visit can be mailed to families along with a handwritten personalized interpretation of their results by the CNS or physician.

Humans↗

PubMedDate not supplied

NES test performance in a large US Army veteran sample: relationships with both demographic factors and traditional neuropsychological measures.

A large sample of Vietnam-era US Army veterans completed a set of 16 neuropsychological tests, including six computer-based tests from the Neurobehavioral Evaluation System (NES), during medical examinations supervised by the US Centers for Disease Control (CDC). Data for 881 participants of the Agent Orange Validation Study (AOV) and Vietnam Experience Study (VES) were available for analysis from public access data tapes provided by CDC. Information was available for several potential covariates from demographic questionnaires, a medical examination, and a medical history. Explorator, principal components factor analysis of 16 test variables yielded four factors, including one on which most of the NES tests loaded. The single best predictor of most neuropsychological performance variables was an index of general intellectual level as measured at entry into the Army almost 20 years before the neuropsychological examinations. Alcohol drinking variables were not related to neuropsychological performance. Several measures of general intelligence were compared for use as covariates of neuropsychological test performance. All were superior to years of education in statistically controlling for general intellectual level.

Adult↗

PubMed2004

Low-dose granisetron for postoperative nausea and vomiting prophylaxis.

OBJECTIVE: To evaluate the use of low-dose granisetron in postoperative nausea and vomiting prophylaxis. DATA SOURCES: Clinical trials available through PubMed and OVID (1966-July 2003), as well as information supplied by the drug manufacturer, were accessed. DATA SYNTHESIS: Safety concerns associated with droperidol and limited availability of other agents have created a need to restructure prophylaxis guidelines for postoperative nausea and vomiting. It has recently been proposed that granisetron may be effective at a dose that is one-tenth of the Food and Drug Administration-approved dose. Conflicting evidence for this regimen is evaluated. CONCLUSIONS: Based on the scarcity of supporting data, this regimen is not recommended for prophylaxis in patients at risk for postoperative nausea and vomiting.

Antiemetics↗

PubMed2005

The GATO gene annotation tool for research laboratories.

Large-scale genome projects have generated a rapidly increasing number of DNA sequences. Therefore, development of computational methods to rapidly analyze these sequences is essential for progress in genomic research. Here we present an automatic annotation system for preliminary analysis of DNA sequences. The gene annotation tool (GATO) is a Bioinformatics pipeline designed to facilitate routine functional annotation and easy access to annotated genes. It was designed in view of the frequent need of genomic researchers to access data pertaining to a common set of genes. In the GATO system, annotation is generated by querying some of the Web-accessible resources and the information is stored in a local database, which keeps a record of all previous annotation results. GATO may be accessed from everywhere through the internet or may be run locally if a large number of sequences are going to be annotated. It is implemented in PHP and Perl and may be run on any suitable Web server. Usually, installation and application of annotation systems require experience and are time consuming, but GATO is simple and practical, allowing anyone with basic skills in informatics to access it without any special training. GATO can be downloaded at [http://mariwork.iq.usp.br/gato/]. Minimum computer free space required is 2 MB.

Biomedical Research↗

PubMed1996

Integrating pharmacokinetics into point-of-care information systems.

Computer-based patient care information systems (PCIS) have emerged as an integral component of healthcare organisations. Currently, 4 models of PCIS exist: the centralised model, the hub-and-spoke model, the network model, and the distributed model. The centralised model has the advantage of a central patient database; however, a major disadvantage of this model is the inability to easily interface with other software packages. The hub-and-spoke model links satellite or feeder systems into a mainframe computer; thus, each satellite has the ability to work independently. This system is limited by the ability to interface satellite systems with the mainframe computer. The network model works via a local area network (LAN) using client server technology which allows for high speed data access and transfer. The network model does not provide an integrated view of patient information and can access only 1 host system at a time. The distributed model is similar to the network model in design but provides for data and system integration via relational databases. This allows for the creation of a central data repository and support for decision-support tools. Computer-assisted decision support has the potential to significantly improve clinical decision-making. Six types of computer-assisted decision-support have been defined: alerting, interpreting, assisting, critiquing, diagnosing and managing. Software representing each type of decision-support software has been incorporated into clinical practice; however, with the exception of drug interaction programs, widespread incorporation of decision-support software into PCIS is uncommon. Clinical pharmacokinetic programs are a category of pharmacy-related decision-support software, and current clinical pharmacokinetic software systems can be categorised as interpreting, assisting or critiquing decision-support. Despite the potential for significant clinical contributions, the integration of clinical pharmacokinetic software into PCIS is uncommon. Most packages are available only as stand alone programs or as a module of a pharmacy information system. These packages usually maintain their own centralised database and require special file transfer protocols for integration. Although PCIS are becoming more commonplace, the integration of commercial clinical pharmacokinetic packages into PCIS is limited. New technology using standardised and relational databases should allow for easier integration in the future.

Computers, Mainframe↗

PubMedDate not supplied

[A computerized system for clinical microbiology (author's transl)].

A system of microbiology reporting by computer which is simple to operate and provides accurate, rapid reporting of laboratory results with provisions for permanent data storage, retrieval and other programs, is described. The system provides on efficient and reliable day-to-day service and readily accessible data for retrospective research. A brief note on the computer element of the system is also given.

Bacteriological Techniques↗

PubMed2002

The Cadmio XML healthcare record.

The management of clinical data is a complex task. Patient related information reported in patient folders is a set of heterogeneous and structured data accessed by different users having different goals (in local or geographical networks). XML language provides a mechanism for describing, manipulating, and visualising structured data in web-based applications. XML ensures that the structured data is managed in a uniform and transparent manner independently from the applications and their providers guaranteeing some interoperability. Extracting data from the healthcare record and structuring them according to XML makes the data available through browsers. The MIC/MIE model (Medical Information Category/Medical Information Elements), which allows the definition and management of healthcare records and used in CADMIO, a HISA based project, is described in this paper, using XML for allowing the data to be visualised through web browsers.

Italy↗