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PubMed1989

[A case of rheumatoid factor associated with pancreatic carcinoma].

A case of adenocarcinoma of pancreas's tail, whose first manifestation was a prolonged fever syndrome, is presented. The only laboratory feature was the presence of a rheumatoid factor which appeared weeks before the diagnosis was made. There was no other pathology to justify its presence. The levels of RF decreased after the extirpation of the tumor and, coincidentally, with the clinical improvement. The level of RF was normal 4 months after the operation. The presence of RF in neoplasia and its possible relation to tumoral evolution is discussed.

Adenocarcinoma↗
PubMed1989

[Curative radiotherapy of unresectable bronchial cancer. Apropos of 266 cases without metastasis with 4 to 6 years follow-up (oat cell carcinoma excluded)].

Two hundred and sixty-six patients with inoperable bronchial carcinomas (oat cell excluded) without apparent metastases were treated with curative doses of radiotherapy. The malignancies were: 72% epidermoid epitheliomas, 11.5% adenocarcinomas, 10% large anaplastic cells and 6.5% without histology. According to the TNM classification, 3.5% were T1, 44% were T2 and 52% were T3. Mediastinal invasion was found in 44% of the cases. The mean age of the patients was 65 years (range 31-90 years). The Karnofsky index was less than or equal to 70 in 40% of the subjects. Unoperability was linked to the extent of local involvement in 59% of the cases and to age, general condition or an insufficient forced expiratory volume in 55% of the patients. Sixty to 65 Gy were administered, either classically fractionated or hypofractionated. After irradiation, 43% of the subjects underwent complete radiological remissions. Fifty-five percent of the patients died with local tumor evolution, 40% with isolated local evolution without associated metastases. The overall survival rate at 5 years was 7%; it was 16% for patients with a normal mediastinum and a Karnofsky index greater than 70 (51 cases); if these parameters were inversed, it was 2.5%. The fractionation protocol, the histological type, the use of chemotherapy (48 cases) did not affect the local control rate nor survival. There were almost no complications with this therapy. Patients frequently experienced functional improvement when curative doses of radiotherapy were applied to all the inoperable, non-metastatic cancers and the percentage of survivors at 5 years was non-negligible.

Actuarial Analysis↗
PubMed1989

[Secondary metastatic neuromeningeal localization of neuroblastoma in children].

In order to evaluate the frequency, clinical and radiological aspects and prognosis of central nervous system metastases in children's neuroblastoma, the 258 children presenting with neuroblastoma, and registered from January 1982 to August 1987, were studied. Among them, 7 patients (2.7%), of which 6 had an initially metastatic neuroblastoma, presented with a secondary neuro-meningeal involvement. Parenchyma involvement (4 cases) occurred after a mean period of time of 21 months and marked the relapses. The disease recurs later on, even when locally controlled by surgical excision and local irradiation. Meningeal involvements (3 cases) occurred after a mean delay of 12.7 months, in patients with full tumoral evolutivity, and were responsible for rapid death. The clinical presentation of these metastases differs from that in adults by the rapidity of setting up of the signs and the frequency of intracranial hypertension. CT scan allows approaching diagnosis in the majority of the cases. These data are compared with those in the literature, where 30 cases were reported: they show a high patients' average age and the worse prognosis.

Brain Neoplasms↗
PubMed1979

[Results of chemotherapy in gastrointestinal malignancies].

The chemotherapy of neoplasias of the gastrointestinal tract is still in an experimental phase. Until now, there are not any effective regimens which could be proposed as a standard therapy. Perhaps gastric carcinoma is an exception. The increasing knowledge concerning tumor evolution and especially concerning prognostic factors, justifies admission of patients to well controlled clinical studies.

Antineoplastic Agents↗
PubMed1988

A new concept in breast investigation: echo-histological acino-ductal analysis or analytic echography.

"Echo-histological acino-ductal analysis of the breast" or "analytic echography" allows a display of lesions based on anatomo-physio-pathology, their micro-sampling by interventional echography for histological evaluation and their direct visual observation by intra-ductal echo-guided endoscopy. This method efficiently complements the other means of investigation by evaluating mammographic densities and palpable masses, and shows maximum diagnostic efficiency by improving and using the 2 most efficient means of diagnosis for malignancies, namely: the immediate detection of cellular abnormalities by more precise sampling; or the display of tumor evolution in a shorter time (3 months), with repeated sampling.

Breast↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Flow-cytophotometry of nuclear DNA in biopsies of 45 human gliomas and after primary culture in vitro.

DNA distribution in biopsies and cell cultures of human gliomas was examined by flow-fluorescence-cytometry using ethidium bromide staining. Glioblastomas (n = 25) showed "polyploid", "marked tetraploid", or "hypertetraploid" aneuploid karyograms, comparable to subtypes previously proposed by Japanese authors. "Diploid-hyperdiploid" DNA patterns were manifest in 3 cases plus 1 sarcoma--glioblastoma, containing abundant rapidly growing mesenchymal cells. Most tumors showed S-phase increment. "Near-diploid" patterns could be a result of aggregated cells, and small 4 C peaks could be due to non-representative specimens (3 cases). During cultivation, the DNA distribution usually remained stable, but maxima occasionally shifted. Oligodendrogliomas (n = 11) and astrocytomas (n = 9) of low-grade showed low 4 c peaks. High-grade gliomas, however, showed abnormal DNA patterns. Thus, one case of an oligodendroglioma--I developed an abnormal "marked tetraploid" glioblastoma after a 3-year interval presenting its malignant transformation. DNA distribution can obviously vary during tumor evolution. However, it may well support the assessment of grading and more closely define the prognosis in gliomas.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1980

[Circulating antibody complexes and cancer].

Circulating immune complexes (CIC) have been studied in one or several serum samples obtained from 249 patients with cancer. 42.4% of patients with evolutive tumors and 26.9% of patients in complete remission have elevated levels of CIC. It appears that, in approximately one case out of 3, the presence of CIC is not necessarily in relationship with the tumor, but could be the consequence of other clinical factors. In some instances, repeated plasmapheresis results in decreased CIC levels. The specificity of the antibodies present in CIC is not yet known.

Antibody Specificity↗
PubMed1995

Chemically induced sarcomas in Sprague-Dawley rats: dose effects on autoantibody levels and tumor progression.

We previously reported that a single injection of 2 mg benzo[a]pyrene (B[a]P) induced seric anti-phosphatidylinositol (PtdIns) autoantibodies (autoAb) and highly malignant sarcomas with 100% efficiency in Sprague-Dawley (SD) female rats. To evaluate the effects of lower doses, we administered a single dose (from 0.125 to 1 mg) of B[a]P into such rats. In all cases, we noted significantly high levels of anti-PtdIns autoAb, with clinically palpable tumors appearing around Day 100. Tumors grew more slowly than they did in the previous model (2 mg B[a]P). Both anti-PtdIns autoAb levels and first appearance of the tumor seemed to be independent of carcinogen doses. Conversely, tumor evolution seemed to depend on B[a]P doses.

Animals↗
PubMed1994

The role of transforming growth factor beta 1 in the fibroblastic reaction associated with rat colorectal tumor development.

Many tumors are surrounded by a highly fibrous stroma composed of fibroblasts and extracellular matrix. This desmoplastic response has been suggested to both inhibit and favor tumor progression. The present study deals with the effects of tumor cells on the fibroblastic reactions they cause and relates this to progression or regression of tumors. Two rat colon carcinoma cell lines, one which develops progressive tumors when injected s.c. in syngeneic animals (PROb cell line) and the other which develops regressive tumors in similar conditions (REGb cell line), were compared by the fibroblastic reaction which they cause. Comparative histological analysis of progressive and regressive tumors developed by the two cell lines showed a significant but opposite response of fibroblastic compartment. The progressive tumor nodules were observed to grow within a loose tissue, whereas the regressive tumor cells were surrounded by a fibrous capsule. Immunohistological labelings revealed the presence of alpha-smooth muscle actin-positive myofibroblasts during the tumor expansion, while these specific cells disappeared during the tumor regression. Immunostainings of transforming growth factor beta 1 showed an increasing staining of the progressive tumor cells during tumor development but a slight expression by tumor cells and stroma during the tumor regression. This growth factor was demonstrated to facilitate initial steps of the tumor progression by addition of active transforming growth factor beta 1 at the time of s.c. injection of PROb cells in syngeneic rat models. In vitro experimental analysis with the use of neutralizing antibody showed that active transforming growth factor beta produced by the progressive cells inhibited fibroblast proliferation and facilitated their differentiation into myofibroblasts. Since the number of myofibroblasts increased with time in progressive tumors, their presence may constitute a potential growth advantage for tumor growth. In contrast, our results indicated involvement of platelet-derived growth factor-like protein(s) in fibroblast proliferation under the control of regressive cells and the presence of an important sheath of alpha-smooth muscle actin-negative fibroblasts in regressive tumors may support a role for this growth factor in vivo. Thus, the ability of tumor cells to produce or induce the production of transforming growth factor beta or platelet-derived growth factor may give rise to a specific fibroblast reaction, which in turn may determine consequent tumor evolution.

Actins↗
PubMed1994

Secondary chromosomal abnormalities in acute leukemias.

Secondary chromosomal aberrations reported in the literature were surveyed in acute myeloid or lymphoblastic leukemia (AML or ALL) with one of the following primary abnormalities: in AML, t(1;3), t(1;22), der(1;7), inv(3), t(3;5) +4, del(5q), t(6;9), -7, t(7;11), del(7q), +8, t(8;16), t(8;21), +9, t(9;11), del(9q), t(9;22), +11, del(11q), t(11;19), del(12p), +13, t(15;17), inv(16), t(16;21), i(17)(q10), del(20q), -21, +21, +22, and -Y; in ALL, t(1;14), t(1;19), der(19)t(1;19), t(4;11), del(6q), t(8;14)(q24;q11), t(8;14)(q24;q32), t(8;22), del(9p), dic(9;12), i(9)(q10), t(9;22), t(10;14), t(11;14), t(11;19), del(12p), -20, +21, and del(22q). Out of 7111 acute leukemias with clonal karyotypic aberrations, 2414 AMLs and 1078 ALLs had one of the selected primary chromosome rearrangements, and 40 and 49% of these AMLs and ALLs, respectively, displayed additional abnormalities. The type and frequency of these secondary changes were ascertained and then correlated with both the primary abnormality and the morphology or immunophenotype of the acute leukemia. The distribution of the secondary changes was clearly nonrandom. The most frequent numerical changes were -Y, -X, -7, +8, and +22 in AML and +X, +6, -7, +8, and +21 in ALL. The most common structural aberrations were del(5q), del(7q), and del(9q) in AML and dup(1q), i(7q)(q10), and der(22)t(9;22) in ALL. Some secondary changes were common to both disease groups, e.g. -7, +8, and +21, but several anomalies were restricted to either AML, such as -X, -5, and del(9q), or ALL, e.g. +X, i(7)(q10), and i(9)(q10). The type and frequency of the secondary aberrations varied within the AMLs and ALLs, not only among the different primary abnormality subgroups but also among the AML morphologies and the immunophenotypic maturation degrees of the ALLs. In general, the type of primary abnormality, rather than the differentiation stage of the acute leukemia, appeared to be instrumental in determining the type of secondary changes accruing. This conclusion was based on the finding that several primary abnormalities characterizing acute leukemias of the same morphology or immunophenotype displayed different patterns of secondary anomalies. The nonrandom, and sometimes quite specific, patterns of secondary aberrations strongly indicate that they are responsible for important phenotypic features of the tumor cell population, presumably closely associated with tumor progression. The molecular pathogenetic consequences of the secondary anomalies are unknown, but since most secondary changes are monosomies, trisomies, deletions, or isochromosomes resulting in genomic imbalances, one may hypothesize that gene dosage alterations rather than specific gene rearrangements are essential for tumor evolution.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 400 WORDS)

Acute Disease↗
PubMed1993

In situ numeric analysis of centromeric regions of chromosomes 1, 12, and 15 of seminomas, nonseminomatous germ cell tumors, and carcinoma in situ of human testis.

BACKGROUND: No detailed data are available concerning the possible chromosomal heterogeneity within testicular germ cell tumors (TGCT) of adults. In addition, little is known about the chromosomal constitution of carcinoma in situ (CIS) of the human testis, the precursor of TGCTs, and the possible relation with the different histological tumor types (seminomas (SE), nonseminomatous (TGCTs (NS). EXPERIMENTAL DESIGN: Interphase cytogenetics in combination with immunohistochemistry was performed on tissue sections of SE, NS, and their adjacent CIS to study the numerical distributions of centromeric regions of chromosomes 1, 12, and 15. RESULTS: No differences in chromosomal constitution were found between CIS adjacent to SE and the invasive tumor itself. NS showed a significant lower number of copies of chromosome 15 than SE, which was also found for the adjacent CIS. In addition a significantly higher number of copies of chromosome 12 was found in CIS adjacent to SE compared with CIS adjacent to NS. Invasive NS showed a significantly higher chromosome 1 and 12 copy number compared with its adjacent CIS. CONCLUSIONS: Net loss of chromosomes during tumor evolution can explain the differences between SE and NS and also between their adjacent CIS. Based on these results, we hypothesize that CIS-S may progress not only into SE but also into CIS-NS. It is conceivable, therefore, that NS may evolve from SE or from CIS-NS.

Carcinoma in Situ↗
PubMed1996

Intestinal dissemination of gastric mucosa-associated lymphoid tissue lymphoma.

Despite increasing identification of concurrent gastric and intestinal lymphomas of mucosa-associated lymphoid tissue (MALT), the clonal relationship between the two tumors and their sequential development are poorly understood. It is also unknown whether the development of these concurrent tumors is closely associated with direct antigen stimulation, which is thought to play an important role in the clonal expansion of low-grade MALT lymphomas. To investigate these, we have studied six cases of concurrent gastric and intestinal MALT lymphomas by polymerase chain reaction (PCR) amplification, cloning, and sequencing of the rearranged Ig gene, a strategy that has been widely used for analysis of clonality and antigen-driven properties of B-cell malignancies. In each case, an identical or nearly identical complementarity determining region (CDR) 3 sequence was observed between the dominant clones of concurrent gastric and intestinal MALT lymphomas. In four of six cases examined, sufficient Ig variable region sequence information was obtained to permit analysis of somatic mutations. The mutation patterns in one case suggest that the intestinal lesion is secondary to the gastric tumor, and the mutation patterns in two cases indicate that the gastric and intestinal lesions are derived from different tumour subclones, which emerge after expansion of a common early tumor clone. Furthermore, three of four cases showed ongoing Ig mutations among different PCR clones at each site. These results show that concurrent gastric and intestinal MALT lymphomas are derived from the same clone and suggest that the intestinal lesions result from dissemination of gastric tumours. Antigen stimulation may play a role in tumor evolution, particularly at an early stage.

Amino Acid Sequence↗
PubMed1997

[Squamous cell carcinoma in individuals under 40 years of age].

We reviewed all the cases of Squamous Cell Carcinoma in people under 40 years of age, diagnosed histologically at the Dermatopathology Laboratory of the Santa Maria Hospital, from January 1985 to December 1993. The 19 cases detected were analysed for age, sex, occupation, anatomical site of the tumor, evolution, smoke and alcoholic habits, skin phototypes, immunosuppression, previous viral infections, previous radiotherapy or PUVA therapy and associated diseases. A prevalence of an occupation involving more exposure to the sun was found. Males were more affected than females (2.2/1). In 37% of the patients we detected heavy alcoholic habits. The most frequent anatomical site was the lower lip (42%). Patients with skin phototype I were more affected (53%).

Adult↗
PubMed1990

Analysis of clonal evolution in a tumor consisting of pSV2neo-transfected mouse fibrosarcoma clones.

The process of clonal evolution was analyzed in a line of methylcholanthrene-induced mouse fibrosarcomas. The tumor cells were transfected with pSV2neo gene and 22 clones were randomly isolated. Genetically tagged clones were mixed and inoculated into syngeneic mice. Southern blot analysis revealed that one of the clones, no. 11, dominated both in tumors in situ and in lung metastatic nodules. No. 11 clone and other clones were similar in growth rates in vitro and in vivo, in spontaneous and experimental metastatic abilities, in immunogenicity, and in the capacity of intercellular communication in vitro. Although no. 11 clone overgrew other clones in vivo, this was not the case when clones were mixed and maintained in vitro. We conclude that clonal interactions in vivo may be responsible for the dominance of no. 11 clone in the tumor. It is likely that the preferential metastasis of no. 11 clone to the lung may be a simple reflection of the proliferative advantage of the dominant clone in the tumor in situ.

Animals↗