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At least 271 records · Page 15Linked to original sources
PubMed1980

Agricultural aviation medicine in the Soviet Union.

The Soviet Union has developed one of the world's most sophisticated civil aviation medicine programs. The program gives specific attention to aerial application operations and includes special preflight pilot medical examinations, aircraft with specialized protective airflow systems for the pilots, minimum flight altitude spraying limit of 5 m, and the use of a "chemical log book" by each pilot in addition to the flight log book. These and additional steps--i.e. limiting a pilot's daily agricultural flights to 4-6 h--have led to a reported USSR agricultural aviation annual accident rate near zero. The Soviet workhorse aircraft, the Antonov AN-2, can serve multipurpose roles since, when not used for application flights, it can be rapidly converted to executive, courier, cargo, or air taxi, or air ambulance use. A new, single-engine turbojet biplane, the Polish M-15, is undergoing evaluation in the Soviet Union as a replacement for the AN-2. Countries with very high agricultural aircraft accident rates may wish to study the Soviet approach, especially the use by the pilot of a chemical log book.

Accident Prevention↗
PubMed1983

Impalement injuries: the preferred approach.

Two cases of impalement injuries seen at the Maryland Institute of Emergency Medical Services Systems are presented. A short literature review and recommendations for management including employment of an incision connecting entry and exit sites but avoiding essential structures, plus antibiotics and standard techniques for management of penetrating trauma are described.

Abdomen↗
PubMed1983

Alcoholism: a behavioural disorder in general aviation.

In the U.S.A., 8% of aviation accidents are related to alcohol abuse. Guidelines for the recognition, prevention and alleviation of alcoholism are given. It is important that the physician-patient relationship is encouraged to allow continuity of observation, which is essential for the diagnosis of psychiatric disorders.

Aerospace Medicine↗
PubMed1982

Alcohol abuse: its implications in trauma care.

Alcohol abuse is the single most important aggravating factor in trauma and the severity of injuries sustained therefrom. The role of alcohol in fatal vehicular crashes is well recognized but is equally great or greater in falls, choking, drowning, burns, and assaults. Since the problem drinker is implicated in most serious highway crashes and since human behavior related to the use of alcohol tends to be constant across situations, persons who violate generally recognized norms of alcohol use in one context are likely to do so in others. The physician involved in the care of the acutely injured problem drinker has an obligation to the patient to save life and limb but also an obligation to society to prevent further injury to others. Blood alcohol concentration (BAC) should be measured in all injured patients regardless of cause. The problem drinker warrants appropriate referral after injuries have been treated. Follow-up liaison with the local Alcohol Safety Action Program may enhance recognition of recidivism and sensitize local judicial agencies to the need for more aggressive rehabilitation and law enforcement.

Accidents↗
PubMed1982

An analysis of civil aviation propeller-to-person accidents: 1965-79.

The interest of manufacturing, governmental, and safety personnel in using paint schemes on propeller and rotor blades is based on improving the visual conspicuity of those blades when they are rotating. While propeller and rotor paint schemes may serve to reduce the number of fatalities and injuries due to contact with a rotating blade, there is little information about the circumstances surrounding such accidents. Brief reports provided by the National Transportation Safety Board of all "propeller-to-person" accidents from 1965-79 were examined and analyzed in terms of airport lighting conditions, actions of pilots, actions of passengers and groundcrew, phase of flight operations, weather conditions, and others. Analyses based on 319 accidents showed a marked drop in the frequency of "propeller-to-person" accidents from 1975 through 1978. Several types of educational efforts directed toward pilots and groundcrew, both prior to and during that 4-year period, were examined as possible factors contributing to the accident rate decline. Accident patterns provide a basis for assessing the probable efficacy of various recommendations, including propeller conspicuity, for further reducing "propeller-to-person" accidents.

Accident Prevention↗
PubMed1982

Medical examiner/coroner jurisdiction in cases involving federal interests.

Under state laws, a medical examiner or coroner is charged with the investigation of sudden, unexpected, violent, and unexplained deaths. In several situations where there are federal interests, there may be conflict as to whether the jurisdiction belongs to state or federal authorities. Some situations of possible conflict--death on a military installation, military aircraft accidents, mass transportation disasters, and executive and congressional assassinations--are reviewed.

Accidents, Aviation↗
PubMed1994

Fall from power: suicide of an executive.

An influential corporate executive apparently killed himself and two others when faced with public exposure and perhaps imprisonment for illegal use of his corporate position to raise money for political and charitable causes he favored. Clinical and psychological descriptions of such cases are rare. Because an extensive psychological autopsy enabled a detailed description of this case, it is presented with the aim of shedding light on a type of suicide that needs to be understood.

Accidents, Aviation↗