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PubMed1982

Effect of simple anthracite pneumoconiosis on lung mechanics.

A respiratory questionnaire was administered to 20 miners with simple anthracite coal workers' pneumoconiosis (CWP) and ten normal subjects. Lung function studies which included lung mechanics and small airways disease measurements were also performed. Seventeen of the miners admitted to having symptoms of bronchitis. No significant differences were demonstrated between the two groups for vital capacity (VC), forced vital capacity (FVC), forced expiratory volume in one second (FEV1), and three seconds (FEV3), midmaximal flow rate (FEF25-75%), and peak flow rate (PEFR). A significant decrease in the maximum expiratory flow rate at 50 percent of vital capacity (V max50%) was detected; however, this was not evident when the flow rate was corrected for lung volume. Also, there were no significant differences in lung volumes, diffusing capacity (DCO) and diffusion coefficient (DCO/TLC). The mean static expired compliance (Cstate) was significantly increased in the anthracite miners, but no difference in specific compliance (Cstate/FRC) could be demonstrated. Also, no significant differences were detected in the mean values of any of the tests of small airways disease. There is little evidence of significant alterations in lung mechanics or small airway narrowing in miners with simple anthracite pneumoconiosis.

Aged↗
PubMedDate not supplied

[Content of hexuronic acids, hexoses and tyrosine in the lung tissue in experimental pneumoconiosis].

Content of hydroxyproline, thyrosine, hexuronic acids, hexoses and dry weight of lungs were studied in animals with pneumoconiosis, caused by various agents: two types of silicosis, induced by crystalline and condensed modifications of silica, and anthracosis, caused by anthracite. The data obtained showed that in all the types of pneumoconiosis dry weight of defatted lungs was increased with simultaneous increase of hydroxyproline content in the tissue. The more pronounced alterations were observed in silicosis. In all the types of pneumoconiosis within the experimental period content of hexuronic acids was higher in impaired animals as compared with control ones; the increase in content of hexuronic acids preceded the accumulation of hydroxyproline. Content of hexoses and thyrosine was distinctly increased within 2 days, which apparently correlated with the processes of exudation. Then it was decreased and at the later steps of the impairment amount of hexoses and thyrosine was shown to increase with simultaneous accumulation of hydroxyproline. Dynamics of accumulation of non-collagen components of connective tissue in lungs depended upon the type of a dust to which the animals were exposed.

Animals↗
PubMed1976

[Pneumoconiosis].

Explore the source record for details and available documents.

Anthracosilicosis↗
PubMed2001

["Phtisis atra"--a now seldom disease picture as a special disease course of silicosis].

Progressive massive fibrosis (PMF) of the lung is caused by coalescence of fibrotic nodules. The center of the PMF often displays necrotic areas. If the necrosis gets in contact to the bronchial system cavitation may occur. We report on a 68 year old patient suffering from severe silicosis of the lung and metastatic spread of a histologically proven lung cancer into the brain. The patient who was administered to the hospital under the intention of cerebral radiotherapy showed a colliquative PMF in the right upper lobe with cavitation and expectoration of large amounts of black-stained sputum (melanoptysis).

Adenocarcinoma↗
PubMed1995

[Archaelogical documentation of the atmospheric pollution in antiquity].

Authors examines the paleopathologic evidences of the atmosferic pollution in ancient time, point out the attention on two principal findings: pulmonar anthracosis and lead exposure. Pulmonar anthracosis is present in many mummified bodies and was due to the deposition on the pulmonar alveoli of carbon particles coming from the combustion of oils or vegetables for illumination, cooking or heating. Lead atmosferic pollution was very high between V century B.C. and III century A.D. in the North emisphere, in consequence to the impressive quantity of lead produced by Greek and Roman metallurgic technology (perhaps 80,000 metric tons per year around the start of I century AD). Cumulative lead fallout to the Greenland Ice Sheet during these eight centuries was as high as 15 percent of that caused by the massive use of lead alkyl additives in gasoline since the 1930s. Finally, the high atmosferic lead concentration caused a high exposure of humans to the lead: in fact paleopathologists, have clarely demonstrated a high quantity of lead concentration in the human bone dated to the period between III century B.C. and VI century AD circa.

Anthracosilicosis↗
PubMed1975

Pathogenicity to animals of fine dusts from Ruhr mines.

Twelve different groups of fine mine dusts were examined for their in vivo aggressivity by intraperitoneal injection. Twelve months after injection of the dust, quantitative morphometric analysis of the lymph nodes was carried out to determine (a) the extent of the typical quartz reaction, (b) the in vivo cytotoxicity, (c) the size of the lymph nodes. Different fine dusts showed significant variations in parameter (a) and (c). In the second part of the investigation, the results of the lymph node tests and of in vitro cytotoxicity tests, and also the quartz contents of the dusts were fed into a data matrix and subjected to correlation analysis and principal component analysis. The following hypotheses were arrived at to explain the effect of the fine dust in vivo: (1) The amount of fine dust which penetrates into the lymph nodes is dependent on its in vitro cytotoxicity (Factor A). This is not related to the quartz content of the dust and is not inhibited by PVNO. (2) The specific fibrogenic activity of the fine dust within the lymph node is primarily dependent on its quartz content (Factor B). It appears that this effect is inhibited by PVNO. (3) The total fibrogenic activity depends on a combination of Factor A and B.

Anthracosilicosis↗
PubMed1975

The therapeutic action of aluminium compounds on the development of experimental lesions produced by pure quartz or mixed dust.

The prophylactic and curative effect of aluminium salts administered as aerosols on the development of lung lesions caused by the dust inhalation of quartz, two coal-quartz mixtures with 17% and 8% silica, respectively, and pure coal, was studied experimentally on rats. It appears that the preventive treatment is very efficient either in the case of pure quartz or coal-quartz mixtures. The curation treatment with regard to pure quartz leads to constant lung weight and reduced rate of collagen formation; the effect is the more evident as the silica content of the dust is higher and becomes nil with pure coal. The effectiveness is slightly increased when aerosols at higher concentrations are used, but the difference is not proportional to the dose. Under these experimental conditions, the aerosols used showed no toxicity.

Aerosols↗
PubMed2003

[Bronchial anthracosis and pulmonary mica overload].

INTRODUCTION: The discovery of anthracotic plaques generally suggests either a history of tuberculosis or occupational exposure to dust. Other etiologies should, however, be considered. CASE REPORTS: A 60-year-old Iranian woman presented with a history of dyspnoea and with chest radiography demonstrating calcified hilar lymph nodes and interstitial lung disease. Pulmonary function tests revealed airway obstruction. A diffuse bronchial inflammatory appearance accompanied by anthracotic plaques was found at bronchoscopy, which prompted transmission electron microscopy analysis of non-fibrous mineral particles in the bronchoalveolar lavage fluid (BALF). This demonstrated the presence of an alveolar particle count greater than 10(7) particles/ml (p/ml), significantly more than that found in 42 BALF samples taken from controls without a history of occupational dust exposure (4,4.10(5) p/ml). Furthermore, the analysis also revealed an abnormally elevated proportion of mica particles (64%). Two other individuals, a 68 year-old Moroccan woman and a 70-year-old Algerian woman, who had anthracotic plaques, but no radiological evidence of interstitial lung disease, also underwent mineral analysis of BALF. Neither were found to have a raised alveolar particle count, but the mineral profile showed an abnormally elevated proportion of micas (62%) for one patient, and silica crystalline (40%) as well as micas (32%) for the other patient. CONCLUSIONS: Even if mica is present in 30 to 90% of the BALF, the results observed in these three patients raises the possibility of non-occupational environmental exposure and that anthracotic plaques might be associated with domestic pollution.

Aged↗
PubMed1992

[Comparative analysis of biological aggressiveness of dusts from different coal mines for determining the risk of development of pneumoconiosis among miners].

The aim of the study was to determine the changes in the respiratory system of animals administered intratracheally settled dusts sampled from the following coal mines: "Debieńsko" in Leszczyny, "Zabrze" in Zabrze, "Gliwice" in Gliwice, "Janina" in Libiaz and "Victoria" in Wałbrzych. Total dustiness in those mines in 1985-1988 was found to be as follows: "Debieńsko"--1.39 mg/m3-22.3 mg/m3, "Zabrze"--7.6 mg/m3-16.8 mg/m3, "Janina"--16.0 mg/m3-34.0 mg/m3, "Victoria"--3.7 mg/m3-15.6 mg/m3. In the examined dusts the content of crystalline silica determined using the Polezajev's method amounted to 3.5%-9.4% in "Debieńsko", 2%-10% in "Zabrze", 3.8% in "Gliwice", 3.6%-8.4% in "Janina" and 3.7%-11% in "Victoria". The biological aggressiveness of the mine dusts was determined using intraperitoneal, lung and hemolitic tests. The biochemical determinations of hydroxyproline level were made using the Stegemann's method modified by Hurych and Chvapil. The obtained results of biochemical analyses were examined statistically using the t-Student's test. The lung sections for histopathological examination were stained with hematoxylin and eosin. Collagen fibres were stained according to the Van Giesan's method. Certain discrepancies were found between epidemiological analysis concerning the incidence of pneumoconiosis and animal experiments focusing on the fibrogenic activity of the dusts from particular mines. The measurements of fibrogenic activity of dusts based on animal experiments and the determination of SiO2 content in dusts cannot be used for estimating the risk of pneumoconiosis. Therefore, biological exposure should be assessed on the basis of the monitoring of occupational environment.

Air Pollutants, Occupational↗