SEARCH · PubMed Health

Results for “BACITRACIN”

Explore indexed PubMed citations for clinical trials, systematic reviews and public health research. Read source abstracts and follow each citation to its original PubMed record.

Quote a phrase for an exact phrase match. Source license links do not imply unrestricted reuse.

At least 271 records · Page 15Linked to original sources

PubMed1991

Visualization of proteases within a complex sample following their selective retention on immobilized bacitracin, a peptide antibiotic.

A method for the visualization of individual proteases within a complex biological sample is described. In a single chromatographic step, proteases can be separated from other biomolecules by selective binding to immobilized bacitracin, a peptide antibiotic. Following desorption, proteases may be separated by SDS-polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis. The application of this method is presented in the visualization of proteases secreted by the fungus Aspergillus niger.

Aspergillus niger↗

PubMed1992

1H NMR study on the conformation of bacitracin A in aqueous solution.

The conformation of bacitracin A, a widely used cyclic dodecapeptide antibiotic in aqueous solution, has been investigated using 500 MHz 1H NMR and molecular modeling. Findings revealed that a region (residues 1-6) is folded over the cyclic ring, resulting in metal coordination sites, a thiazoline ring, and Glu4 and His10 being proximate to each other.

Amino Acid Sequence↗

PubMed1984

Postoperative infections in colonic surgery after enteral bacitracin-neomycin-clindamycin or parenteral mezlocillin-oxacillin prophylaxis.

In a prospective randomized, blind trial, three groups of patients undergoing elective colonic surgery were compared for frequency of surgical wound infection, intra-operative wound contamination and other postoperative infections. All patients allotted to the three groups received whole gut irrigation (101 balanced salt solution) by gastric tube on the evening before surgery and were treated as follows. Group A: no antibiotics; Group B: neomycin (1 g/l) + bacitracin (50,000 IU/l) + clindamycin (900 mg/l), contained in the last 31 of irrigation fluid; Group C: mezlocillin (4 g) + oxacillin (2 g) intravenously (iv) at induction of anaesthesia, followed by two identical doses at 8 and 16 h. The rate of postoperative wound infection was highest in A (38 per cent) and much lower in B (3.3 per cent, P less than 0.002) and C (6.9 per cent, P less than 0.004). The difference between B and C was statistically not significant. In A a correlation was established between the degree of wound contamination and the occurrence of wound infection. Intra-operative wound contamination was lowest in B (30 per cent), equal in A (58.1 per cent) and B (55.2 per cent). Other infections were least frequent in group C (four of 29 patients), but were not significantly different to groups B (six of 30) and A (nine of 31). It is concluded that antibiotics together with an effective mechanical preparation considerably reduce the rate of wound infection in colonic surgery.

Adult↗

PubMed1988

Attempts to eradicate methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus colonization with the use of trimethoprim-sulfamethoxazole, rifampin, and bacitracin.

Retrospective review of 197 patients with methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) identified 47 in whom a regimen for eradication of MRSA colonization could be evaluated. The patients were elderly (mean age, 67.7 years), with 53% transferred from another institution and 53% treated in an intensive care unit. A mean of 47.1 days of hospitalization with an average of 4.9 antibiotics preceded the first MRSA culture. The usual regimen (mean, 6.0 days) was oral trimethoprim-sulfamethoxazole, 160/800 mg twice daily, oral rifampin, 600 mg once daily, and bacitracin ointment three times a day. Eradication succeeded in 40 patients, 9 relapsed, and MRSA persisted in 7. Twenty-four of 25 nares sites were cleared but only 16 of 22 other sites. MRSA infection eventually developed in 36%. No adverse reactions to the eradication regimen were noted. Although this treatment for MRSA carriage was safe and effective, decreased efficacy outside the nares and relapse limited its value.

Aged↗

PubMed1989

Flow microcalorimetric assay of antibiotics--IV. Polymyxin B sulphate, neomycin sulphate, zinc bacitracin and their combinations with Escherichia coli suspended in buffer plus glucose medium.

Flow microcalorimetric assays for polymyxin B sulphate and neomycin sulphate have been developed using Escherichia coli as the test organism, suspended in a glucose plus buffer medium. These assays have a better reproducibility (relative standard deviations 3.2 and 2.0%, respectively), and require a shorter time (1 h including time required for preparation of the calorimeter) than do conventional microbiological assays, but are not as sensitive. It is suggested that a screening programme might produce a small group of more suitable (i.e. more sensitive) test organisms, which could be used to develop rapid and reproducible flow microcalorimetric assays for a wide range of antibiotics by the procedure described. The effect of combinations of polymyxin B sulphate, neomycin sulphate and zinc bacitracin (the antibiotic components of the commercial preparation Trisep, ICI, Macclesfield, UK) on the power output of cells suspended in glucose plus buffer medium is also reported. In defined combinations, the effects of neomycin sulphate appeared to be exerted before those of polymyxin B sulphate.

Bacitracin↗

PubMed1989

Improvement of chemical analysis of antibiotics. XV. Isocratic high-performance liquid chromatographic methods for the analysis and preparative separation of the components of bacitracin.

Isocratic high-performance liquid chromatographic (HPLC) systems were established for analytical and preparative separation of the components of the antibiotic preparation bacitracin (BC). The best analytical results were obtained using a C18 modified silica gel column (Capcell Pak C18) with a solvent system of 0.04 M disodium hydrogenphosphate buffer and methanol (4:6), pH 9-10. The calibration graphs showed good linear relationships between 50 and 1000 ng for BC-A and between 65 and 1000 ng for BC-F. With respect to the preparative HPLC, a Capcell Pak C18 column with methanol-0.05 M aqueous sodium sulphate solution (6:4) as a mobile phase gave satisfactory results. The isolation of BC-A and -F was readily achieved without decomposition of the components by using the present preparative HPLC followed by desalting on a prepacked C18 cartridge.

Anti-Bacterial Agents↗

PubMed1991

Foam counter-current chromatography of bacitracin. II. Continuous removal and concentration of hydrophobic components with nitrogen gas and distilled water free of surfactants or other additives.

Foam counter-current chromatography has been successfully applied to continuous removal and concentration of hydrophobic bacitracin (BC) components from a large volume solution using nitrogen gas and distilled water free of surfactants or other additives. The experiment was initiated by introducing nitrogen at the head inlet of the coil rotated at 500 rpm. Then, a 2.5-1 volume of the sample solution containing BC at 50 ppm was continuously introduced into the middle portion of the coil at 1.5 ml/min. The hydrophobic components produced a thick foam which was carried with the gas phase and collected from the tail end of the coil while other components stayed in the liquid stream and eluted from the head outlet of the coil. High-performance liquid chromatographic analysis of the foam fraction revealed that the degree of enrichment increased with hydrophobicity of the BC components. BC-A and -F were enriched 1400 and 2260 times, respectively, compared with the original concentration in the sample solution. These results clearly indicate that the present method will be quite effective for detection and/or isolation of a small amount of natural products present in a large volume of aqueous solution.

Bacitracin↗

PubMed1989

Foam counter-current chromatography of bacitracin. I. Batch separation with nitrogen and water free of additives.

A foam counter-current chromatographic method utilizing a true counter-current movement between nitrogen and distilled water through a long narrow coiled tube is described. Samples introduced into the coil are separated according to their foaming capability: foam-active materials generate foam and quickly move with nitrogen toward one end of the coil while the remainder are carried with the liquid stream in the opposite direction and eluted through the other end of the coil. The utility of the method was demonstrated in the fractionation of commercial bacitracin (BC). Hydrophobic components including BC-A, BC-F and several minor components were enriched with foam and collected in decreasing order of hydrophobicity, whereas hydrophilic components were eluted with the liquid in decreasing order of polarity. The results indicate that foam-active components can be effectively separated by foam counter-current chromatography using nitrogen and distilled water without a surfactant or other additives.

Bacitracin↗

PubMed2003

Effects of probiotics: alone and in a mixture of Biosacc plus Zinc Bacitracin on the caecal microflora of Japanese quail.

The aim of this study was to investigate the effects of two commercially available probiotics, alone and in combination with an antibiotic, on the caecal flora of Japanese quail (Coturnix coturnix japonica) reared under unstressed conditions. Thirty-four 90-day-old Japanese quail were selected for this study. The birds were divided into four groups, two groups of nine birds and two groups of eight birds. The animals in these groups were given feed containing 0.5 kg per tonne of probiotics alone (Protexin or Biosacc), a mixture of probiotic plus antibiotic (Biosacc plus Zinc Bacitracin at 0.5 and 0.0525 ppm, respectively), and a group where no supplement was added to be used as controls. The total count of aerobic bacteria, lactobacilli, enterobacteriaceae, coliforms, enteroccoci, salmonellae, sulphite-reducing anaerobic bacteria (clostridia), and pH values in the caecal content of the birds were examined. No significant differences were detected among the four groups for pH values and bacterial number (p>0.05), except for sulphite-reducing anaerobic bacteria (p<0.001). These results suggest that the use of probiotics alone and/or a mixture of a probiotic plus antibiotic as a feed supplement does not have a major suppressing effect on the majority of bacterial groups in the caecal flora of mature, healthy Japanese quail reared in unstressed conditions.

Animals↗

PubMed2002

Dietary enzyme and zinc bacitracin reduce colonisation of layer hens by the intestinal spirochaete Brachyspira intermedia.

Brachyspira intermedia strain HB60 was used to experimentally infect 40 individually caged 22-week-old laying hens. Another 10 control birds were sham-inoculated with sterile broth. All chickens received an experimental layer diet based on wheat. The infected birds were randomly divided into four groups of 10, with the diet for each group containing either 50 ppm zinc bacitracin (ZnB), 100 ppm ZnB, 256 ppm of dietary enzyme (Avizyme), 1302), or no additive. Birds were kept for 6 weeks after infection, and faecal excretion of B. intermedia, faecal water content, egg numbers, egg weights and body weights were recorded weekly. Control birds remained uninfected throughout the experiment. B. intermedia was isolated significantly less frequently from the groups of experimentally infected birds receiving ZnB at 50 ppm or enzyme than from those receiving 100 ppm ZnB or no treatment. Infected birds had a transient increase in faecal water content in the week following challenge, but no other significant production differences were detected amongst the five groups of birds in subsequent weeks. It was not established how the ZnB at 50 ppm and the dietary enzyme reduced the ability of the spirochaete to colonise, but it may have been by bringing about changes in the intestinal microflora and/or the intestinal microenvironment.

Animal Feed↗

PubMed2002

Thermodynamics in [Mn(II)-antibiotics-bacitracin] mixed system: a polarographic approach.

Polarographic technique was used to determine the kinetic parameters, thermodynamic parameters and stability constants (log(beta)) of Mn(II) complexes with neomycin, chlortetracycline, oxytetracycline, tetracycline, penicillin V and penicillin G as primary ligands and bacitracin as the secondary ligand, at pH 7.3+/-0.01 and an ionic strength mu=1.0 M (NaClO(4)) at 25 degrees C. The study was also carried out at 35 degrees C to determine the stability constants and thermodynamic parameters viz. enthalpy change (DeltaH), entropy change (DeltaS) and free energy change (DeltaG) of complexes.

Anti-Bacterial Agents↗

PubMed1980

Further observations on the effect of feeding diets containing avoparcin, bacitracin and sodium arsenilate on the colonization of the alimentary tract of poultry by salmonella organisms.

The continuous administration of food containing 10 mg/kg of avoparcin to groups of 28 chickens in contact with five chickens experimentally infected with a nalidixic acid-resistant (nalr) mutant of a salmonella strain strongly favoured the colinization of their alimentary tracts with salmonella organisms. Bacitracin, 10 mg/kg, either had no effect or only slightly favoured salmonella colonization and sodium arsenilate usually hindered it. These results were obtained with four different strains of chickens, four different diets and five salmonella serotypes, including a nals form of one of them; the chickens were kept both on wire-netting and littered floors. Similar results were also obtained when turkeys were used instead of chickens. When groups of 33 chickens were inoculated orally with different doses of nalr Salmonella typhimurium organisms, smaller doses were required to infect those fed on an avoparcin-containing diet than those fed on a non-medicated diet. Infection spread more rapidly and more extensively through the avoparcin-fed groups than through the non-medicated groups.

Animal Feed↗

PubMedDate not supplied

Topical antibiotic ointments for staphylococcal nasal carriers: survey of current practices and comparison of bacitracin and vancomycin ointments.

One measure used in the management of staphylococcal disease outbreaks in newborn nurseries is to obtain nasal cultures from nursery personnel and then treat nasal carriers with topical antibiotic ointments. Because recent infection control guide-surveyed current practices in larger hospitals in the U.S.A. Seventy-one percent of respondents indicated that they would obtain nasal cultures from personnel during a staphylococcal disease outbreak, and 40% indicated that they would prescribe topical antibiotic ointments for personnel with positive nasal cultures before the results of bacteriophage typing became known. Because little has been written about the efficacy of topical intranasal antibiotics within the past decade, we compared bacitracin ointment with a vancomycin ointment for treatment of the staphylococcal nasal carrier state. Both ointments reduced nasal carriage in the majority of instances. However, similar reduction was also observed in an untreated control group. The need for different approaches to the problem of nasal carriers is discussed.

Administration, Topical↗

PubMed2003

Influence of zinc bacitracin and Bacillus licheniformis on microbial intestinal functions in weaned piglets.

The influence of zinc bacitracin (ZB) and of Bacillus licheniformis on host microbial-related functions in young piglets was investigated by applying the concept of microflora-associated characteristics. Six biochemical parameters were determined before and after weaning in faecal samples from piglets in four litters having access to a diet containing ZB, to a diet containing B. licheniformis, to a diet with both additives, or to a diet with no additives, from 3 weeks of age. Statistically significant differences were found in three of the intestinal functions investigated: formation of short-chain fatty acids (at 7 and 10 weeks of age). degradation of mucin (at 7 and 10 weeks of age) and conversion of bilirubin to urobilins (at 7 weeks of age). We also found age-dependent influences on the formation of short-chain fatty acids, on conversion of cholesterol to coprostanol and on conversion of bilirubin to urobilins. We conclude that a functional approach is appropriate for measuring exogenous influence(s) on the microbial intestinal metabolisms in weaned piglets.

Animals↗

PubMed2002

Influence of in-feed zinc bacitracin and tiamulin treatment on experimental avian intestinal spirochaetosis caused by Brachyspira intermedia.

Thirty individually caged layer hens were inoculated with Brachyspira intermedia, and 20 control birds remained unchallenged. Birds received a diet containing 100 parts/10(6) zinc bacitracin (ZnB), and were monitored for 10 weeks. B. intermedia was recovered sporadically from five of the inoculated birds, and there were no significant effects on body weight, faecal water or egg production. ZnB was presumed to be indirectly inhibiting spirochaete growth, and when removed from the diet, 18 of the 30 inoculated birds rapidly became culture positive. After 4 weeks, 10 of the 30 infected birds were treated with tiamulin at 25 mg/kg for 5 days, and 10 were returned to the diet containing ZnB. Birds receiving tiamulin became spirochaete negative and maintained their egg production, but re-infection occurred. The other 20 infected birds had a significant drop in egg production, but those receiving ZnB showed a reduced colonization by B. intermedia after 3 weeks.

Animal Feed↗

PubMed2002

Zinc bacitracin enhances colonization by the intestinal spirochaete Brachyspira pilosicoli in experimentally infected layer hens.

Brachyspira pilosicoli strain CPSp1 isolated from a chicken in a broiler breeder flock in Queensland was used to experimentally infect 40 individually caged 22-week-old laying hens. Another 10 birds were sham-inoculated with sterile broth. All chickens received a commercial layer diet, but 10 infected birds had 50 parts/10(6) zinc bacitracin (ZnB) incorporated in their food. Birds were kept for 7 weeks, and faecal moisture, egg numbers, egg weights and body weights were recorded weekly. B. pilosicoli was isolated from the faeces of only three of the 30 inoculated birds receiving the diet without ZnB, whereas seven of the 10 inoculated birds receiving ZnB in their diet were colonized. This difference in colonization rate was highly significant (P = < 0.001). Dietary ZnB at 50 parts/10(6) therefore predisposed to colonization by B. pilosicoli. Despite colonization, no significant production differences were found between the birds in the three groups.

Animal Feed↗

PubMed1997

The bioefficacy of zinc bacitracin in practical diets for broilers and laying hens.

Two balance trials were conducted to examine the response in metabolizable energy and metabolizability of both fat and amino acids to graded levels of zinc bacitracin (ZnB; Albac registered trade name of Alpharma, Oslo, Norway) in practical broiler and layer diets varying in their nutrient density. Broiler diets were supplemented with either 0, 20, or 50 mg ZnB/kg and layer diets were supplemented with either 0, 50, or 100 mg ZnB/kg. Each experimental diet was fed to five replicates of four broiler chicks each or nine replicates of individually housed laying hens, respectively. All balance parameters were significantly influenced by nutrient density, age, and dietary ZnB level. No significant interactions between ZnB by nutrient density were found. Addition of ZnB resulted in a lower excreta:feed ratio and an improved N retention; there was a nearly linear relationship between these effects and dietary ZnB levels. Moreover, dietary MEn content was linearly enhanced by ZnB supplementation. As a consequence, the bioefficacy of ZnB can be expressed in terms of MEn units: the average MEn equivalency of ZnB was 2,080 and 1,184 Mcal/kg, for broiler chicks and laying hens, respectively.

Amino Acids↗

PubMed2003

The efficacy of bacitracin methylene disalicylate when fed in combination with narasin in the management of necrotic enteritis in broiler chickens.

The efficacy of bacitracin methylene disalicylate (BMD) in the management of necrotic enteritis (NE) when fed in combination with narasin was investigated in a floor-pen study of 2,000 broiler chickens using a Clostridium perfringens inoculum challenge model. Treatments consisted of 1) nonchallenged-nonmedicated; 2) challenged-nonmedicated; 3) challenged-narasin (70 ppm); 4) challenged-BMD (55 ppm); 5) challenged-narasin (70 ppm) + BMD (55 ppm). Medication was provided in the feed from Day 0 to trial termination on Day 41. C. perfringens challenge occurred from Day 14 to 16. BMD and narasin, fed alone and in combination, reduced (P < 0.05) mortality due to NE when compared to challenged-nonmedicated birds. NE lesion scores (Days 0 through 41) were lower among birds fed BMD and narasin, alone and in combination, compared to challenged-nonmedicated birds. Improvements in NE mortality and NE lesion scores were greatest for the BMD + narasin-medicated birds, followed by the BMD-alone, and then narasin-alone treated birds. BMD and narasin, alone and in combination, provided improvements (P < 0.05) in average daily gains over the entire study (Days 0 to 41). The results of this study demonstrate the effectiveness of BMD and narasin in the management of NE in broiler chickens.

Animals↗