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PubMed1975

Life change events, ballistocardiography and coronary death.

Thirty-six men and women who experienced a documented myocardial infarction, half of whom ultimately died from their disease and half of whom survived over a six-year period, provided longitudinal recent life changes and ballistocardiographic data. The 18 patients who died from their coronary disease indicated a significant buildup in life changes which peaked approximately one year prior to death; their serial ballistocardiograms indicated a significant buildup in average force of contraction which was seen to peak approximately six months prior to death. The 18 post-infarction patients who survived the six-year follow-up showed neither a buildup in life change nor a buildup in the ballistocardiographic index of cardiac contraction force. These findings of a life change peak preceding ballistocardiographic evidence of an "overworked" heart are discussed in terms of their possible medical and psychophysiological significances.

Adult↗
PubMed1996

Static-charge-sensitive bed ballistocardiography in cardiovascular monitoring.

We evaluated the autonomic influence on balistocardiograms recorded by a static-charge-sensitive bed for cardiovascular monitoring in nine healthy males (20-44 years) and its clinical use in 11 patients who underwent coronary bypass surgery (51-59 years). The ballistocardiogram displayed a distorted low amplitude from the empty beating heart during bypass surgery, impaired by a reduced effective transmural filling pressure of the heart, and returned to its pre-bypass level when the preload to the heart and its pumping was restored. Submaximal dynamic exercise and isoprenaline caused the heart rate to rise to 90-114 beats min-1, and increased the ballistocardiographic amplitude threefold, while at the same time shortening the interval between the R-wave of the electrocardiogram and the peak of the ballistocardiographic waveform (P < 0.01). In contrast, atropine accelerated the heart rate to 96 beats min-1, but did not significantly change the amplitude or temporal pattern of the ballistocardiogram. Thus, the ballistocardiogram reflects sympathetic and parasympathetic influence on the contractility of the myocardium and the effect of cardiac filling (e.g. during bypass surgery).

Adult↗
PubMed1999

Sternal acceleration ballistocardiography and arterial pressure wave analysis to determine stroke volume.

OBJECTIVE: To describe a cardiac output measurement using a new method to derive and analyze the long-axis ballistocardiogram that is less invasive than pulmonary artery thermodilution. DESIGN: Prospective physiologic study. SETTING: Intensive care unit of The Halifax Infirmary, a teaching hospital of Dalhousie University, Halifax, NS. PATIENTS: Thirty-nine patients in sinus rhythm with pulmonary artery thermodilution catheters or radial artery catheters in place. The first 30 subjects were the "learning set" and the next 9 were the "test set." INTERVENTIONS: A small (54-g) accelerometer was taped on the patient's chest. OUTCOME MEASURES: Measurements of time and amplitude coordinates of the acceleration and radial artery pressure wavepeaks, as well as anthropometric information. RESULTS: A stroke volume prediction equation was generated (R2 = 0.76) from the learning set. This equation was applied to the test set and correlated with the pulmonary artery thermodilution-derived stroke volumes (R = 0.79). Stroke volumes were compared using a previously described statistical method: a) bias (predicted > thermodilution) = 0.03 mL (95% confidence interval [CI] -4.2 to 4.8 mL); b) lower limit of agreement = -21 mL (95% CI -29 to -13 mL); c) upper limit of agreement = 22 mL (95% CI 14 to 29 mL). Of derived stroke volumes, 82% were within 15 mL of pulmonary artery thermodilution-derived values. CONCLUSIONS: The sternal acceleration ballistocardiogram combined with hemodynamic and demographic data in a probabilistic model shows promise of providing a less invasive measure of cardiac output than thermodilution.

Aged↗
PubMed1975

Use of ballistocardiography for determining the hyperfunction of the left ventricle.

A study of patients with patent ductus arteriosus and atrium septum defect, by use ofdirect body Bcg showed that an increased IJ amplitude is due to an increased stroke volume of the left and not of the right ventricle. High IJ amplitude is observed in patients with cardiovascular diseases, causing an increased output of the left ventricle ofover 50% above normal.

Ballistocardiography↗
PubMed1975

High-frequency (acceleration) direct body ballistocardiography. Representation of the carotid pulse, phono- and apex-cardiogram in the Bcg.

The carotid pulse PCG, ACG and Bcg appear to represent the same basic dynamic expression whether of atrial or ventricular origin. The early isometric and ejection waves are comparably delineated. The points of A2, P2 and S3 can be detected, particularly,in CP2, ACG2 and df-Bcg. The gain, thereby, in the significance of the Bcg is encouraging.

Adult↗
PubMed2001

Three-dimensional ballistocardiography and respiratory motion in sustained microgravity.

BACKGROUND: We measured the three-dimensional ballistocardiogram (BCG) in a free-floating subject in sustained microgravity during spaceflight to test the usefulness of such measurements for future non-invasive monitoring of cardiac function, and to examine the effects of respiratory movement on the BCG in three axes. METHODS: Acceleration was measured using a three-axis accelerometer fastened to the lumbar region of the subject while simultaneous recordings of ECG, and respiratory motion via impedance plethysmography were also made. Data were recorded during a 146-s period of inactivity on the part of the subject during which time there was no contact with the spacecraft. RESULTS: Total body motion due to respiratory activity was consistent with that calculated from the known action of the diaphragm and conservation of momentum. The accelerations due to cardiac activity, ensemble averaged over the R-R interval, were greatest along the head-to-foot axis. Maximum amplitude of the HIJK complex of the BCG generated by ventricular ejection was greatest in the head to foot axis (approximately 70 x 10(-3) m x s(-2)), but there were also substantial accelerations along the dorsoventral axis of up to 43 10(-3) m x s(-2), that are not measured interrestrial two-dimensional studies. The amplitude of the BCG was strongly affected by lung volume, with accelerations being reduced 50 to 70% between end-inspiration and end-expiration. CONCLUSIONS: These data suggest a greatly reduced transmission of the cardiac motion to the body at end-expiration (FRC) than at higher lung volumes. The BCG might be further developed as a non-invasive means of monitoring parameters such as stroke volume in microgravity.

Acceleration↗