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PubMed1980

Caries prevalence and restorative dental services in some Pacific Islands.

Caries prevalence rates at eight and eleven years of age were estimated according to WHO criteria in six Pacific Island countries and territories during the period 1975 to 1977. The components of the dental caries index (DIMF(T)) on a country or territory basis were examined and the dental care index calculated. Factors influencing the delivery of dental services in the region are discussed.

Child↗
PubMed1991

Caries prevalence, treatment level, and sealant use related to school lunch program participation.

A total of 2,753 schoolchildren (8-11 years old) from two school districts received visual-tactile examinations for caries. The school districts were approximately 15 miles apart and located in fluoride-deficient (F less than 0.3 ppm) Long Island, New York. The higher socioeconomic community (HSES) had 9.2 percent of its students enrolled in the free or reduced-payment school lunch program; the lower socioeconomic community (LSES) had 50.3 percent enrolled. The LSES community had a higher caries prevalence, more untreated lesions, fewer caries-free children, and fewer children treated with sealants. School lunch programs provide an index to identify communities for dental programs.

Child↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Dental status and fluoride consumption among five-year-old schoolchildren in Strasbourg, France.

An epidemiological survey of the caries prevalence in 1743 five-year-old children was conducted in Strasbourg in 1991 and compared with a similar study performed in 1973 (Jung et al, 1975). In 1991, 44.2 percent of the children were caries-free and 3 percent of the sample had experienced extractions of carious primary molars. The average values of the dfs and dft indices were 2.93 and 6.10, respectively, with a caries reduction of 35 percent when compared to the 1973 data. The majority of children (87.96 percent) used fluoridated dentifrices and 49.5 percent of them benefited from at least another combined fluoride supplementation. The latter showed lower caries indices than the unsupplemented ones. The average plaque index and gingival index values were 0.62 and 0.1, respectively: 46.4 percent of the children had a plaque index of 0.

Child↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Evaluation of a simplified caries index for use by the US Army Dental Corps.

The evaluation of a simplified caries index was undertaken to determine the validity and reliability of the index when applied to a military population. Although certain internal assumptions of this simplified caries index were not upheld, the index did rank order the populations by severity of caries experience when compared to the DMFS index. High interexaminer and intraexaminer reliability scores were demonstrated.

Adolescent↗
PubMed2003

[Oral health of schoolchildren residing in areas with or without water fluoridation in Sorocaba, São Paulo State, Brazil].

This study describes dental caries data and fluorosis in seven municipalities in the Sorocaba region, S o Paulo State, Brazil, comparing those with fluoridated as opposed to non-fluoridated water. Criteria were those proposed by the World Health Organization (WHO, 1997), adapted by the School of Public Health, University of S o Paulo. The sample was selected at random, without replacement, and was calculated by age, accepting a design error of 2 and a sampling loss of 20% (n = 96 per age). There were six trained examiners, with accepted agreement percentage above 89% for all variables. In the Sorocaba region, the dmft index in 5 year-old children was 3.1, and 37.6% were caries-free (DMFT = 0). At age 12, 32.3% were caries-free (DMFT = 0), and the DMFT index in the region was 2.6, thus characterizing the area as having a low prevalence of caries. In areas with fluoridated water, the proportion of caries-free children at 12 years was higher than in those without fluoridated water (p = 0.019), and the DMFT was lower (p = 0.001). Prevalence of fluorosis at age 12 was 12.7% in the Sorocaba area and did not pose a public health problem according to the community fluorosis index (CFI).

Brazil↗
PubMed2003

The prevalence of nursing caries in 18 to 60 months old children in Qazvin.

The study was carried out to establish the prevalence of Nursing Caries and its relation and caustive factors in children aged 18 to 60 months coming to Health Care Center weighing more than 2.5 kg. A total of 544 children (314 boys and 230 girls) were included in this study. The prevalence of Nursing Caries in girls was 23.5%, in boys 16.5% and in both sexes 19.5%. In affected children dmft was 3.8 times more than the unaffected children and DMFT of their mothers was higher too. Bottle feeding specially during sleep showed statistically significant increase in nursing caries and so did the duration of feeding with mother's milk. The results agree with those obtained in similar populations and showed that the prevalence of nursing caries is anxiously high.

Age Factors↗
PubMed1989

[Investigation into the actual condition of outpatients. II. Correlation between the daily habits of eating and toothbrushing and the prevalence of dental caries incidence].

The purpose of this paper was to investigate the correlation between the daily habits of eating and tooth-brushing and the prevalence of dental caries in the outpatients who visited the Pedodontics Clinic of the Tohoku University Dental Hospital during the period from April 1981 to March 1986. The subjects were 877 individuals with questionnaires which the mothers had filled out. The following findings were obtained. 1) The dft index for children aged 1 year to 6 years in the present investigation was lower than that of the same age group investigated 10 years ago. 2) The dft indicies according to each feeding group were 8.86 in the bottle feeding group, 7.51 in the breast feeding group and 6.77 in the mixed feeding group. 3) The group in which the weaning period was late showed a significantly high dft index. 4) The dft index of the group taking beverages containing sugar before going to bed was significantly higher than that of the group without doing this. 5) The group of patients aged 2 years to 5 years who had between-meal snacks more frequently showed a high dft index. 6) The irregularity of the between-meal eating times caused a high tendency toward caries occurrence. 7) The group having between-meal snacks while playing showed a significantly higher dft index than that of the group having it at a table and not playing. 8) No relation was observed between the frequency of tooth brushing and the dft index.

Breast Feeding↗
PubMed1989

[Results of 3-year study of toothbrushing with a fluoride amine gel].

265 6-year-old children were investigated over a period of 3 years. In the test group, 6 toothbrushing exercises and 25-30 controlled applications of Elmex Gelèe were carried out yearly. The effect was analyzed by oral hygiene, caries frequency, caries intensity, and caries increase. The improvement of the oral hygiene index according to Silness-Löe was 30% and can be characterized as highly statistically significant (p less than 0.001). The inhibition of caries increase related to the surface (delta DMF-S) was 53% in the case of caries with substance loss and was also highly significant.

Amines↗
PubMed1990

Associations between salivary levels of mutans streptococci, lactobacilli, yeasts and black-pigmented Bacteroides spp. and dental variables in elderly dental patients.

Multivariate step-wise regression analyses demonstrated that in a population of 146 elderly dental patients (mean age 69.8 yr) the salivary level of mutans streptococci was unrelated to the root DFS score, unlike the levels of lactobacilli and yeasts. Mutans streptococci were related to the wearing of partial dentures and the number of snacks eaten per day, while salivary lactobacillus levels were also related to the number of snacks eaten per day and to denture wearing, and negatively related to saliva buffering. Salivary yeast levels were also related to the wearing of partial dentures and the number of snacks eaten per day, and negatively related to salivary neuraminidase activity. The R2 values ranged from 0.21 to 0.28. Salivary level of black-pigmented Bacteroides spp. were related to maximum CPITN score, mean bleeding index and salivary trypsin-like activity (R2 was 0.08).

Aged↗
PubMed1990

Dental health behaviors and periodontal disease indicators in Danish youths. A 10-year epidemiological follow-up.

The purpose of the present study was to analyse the epidemiologic relationship between dental health behaviors and periodontal disease. Indicators of periodontal disease in terms of bleeding and calculus were measured dichotomously (absence/presence). Periodontal pockets were as follows: normal pockets (0-3 mm), shallow pockets (4-5 mm), and deep pockets (6+ mm). The indicators were measured on 4 surfaces on 6 index teeth (16, 11, 26, 36, 31, 46) in 1984-85. The highest value for each tooth of bleeding (0/1), calculus (0/1) and pockets (0/1/2) was used for calculation of the bleeding index, the calculus index and the pocket index. The participation rate in 1984-85 was 86%, and the study population involved 368 males and 388 females. Information concerning dental health behavior was obtained both in childhood (1974) when the individuals were 9-10 years of age, and in adulthood (1984-85) when the individuals were 20-21 years of age. Information concerning dental health behaviors in adulthood, i.e., regularity of dental visits, frequency of tooth brushing, and regular use of interdental aids, was obtained through a self-administered questionnaire (1984-85). Dental health behaviors in childhood (1974) was operationalized as level of plaque, gingivitis, and dmfs. The results showed that dental health behaviors in childhood and in adulthood were together responsible for 9.4-13.8% of the variance in level of periodontal disease indicators. Determinants of early dental health behaviors in terms of plaque and dmfs at age 9-10 years were significant predictors in pocket index at age 20-21.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

Adult↗
PubMed1997

Do root lesions tend to develop in the same people who develop coronal lesions?

OBJECTIVES: The three purposes of this study are to: (1) describe the relationship between the prevalence of coronal caries and root caries; (2) describe the relationship between the three-year incidence of coronal caries and root caries; and (3) if the two conditions are associated, develop a multiple regression model that identifies characteristics distinguishing people who had increments of both root caries and coronal caries from people who had increments of either coronal caries or root caries, or who had no new caries. METHODS: Dental examinations and interviews were conducted in the homes of a randomly selected, stratified sample of people over the age of 65 years in five North Carolina counties. The relationships between coronal and root D and DF were analyzed through contingency table analyses, and ordinal logistic regression was used to identify characteristics that differentiated people who had both coronal and root D over the three years from people who had either coronal or root D and people who had no new disease. RESULTS: Evidence of root and coronal caries in whites was much more likely to be in the form of fillings, while for blacks, it was more likely to be in the form of untreated decay. Prevalence rates of coronal and root D and DF were significantly associated for both blacks and whites. Incidence rates based on DF indicated that root and coronal caries were not associated in whites, but were associated in blacks. People more likely to experience both types of caries had more gingival recession at baseline, greater average attachment loss over the three years, and lactobacilli at baseline. In addition, the presence of Porphymonas gingivalis at three years was important for whites. CONCLUSIONS: It appears that coronal and root caries do tend to appear together in the same individuals, but fillings attenuate that relationship. The impact of dental treatment on the epidemiology of dental caries appears to be considerable and calls into question whether the F component of the caries index is related to disease as defined by epidemiologic criteria.

Aged↗
PubMed2000

Oral health status and treatment needs of pregnant women in Lagos State.

The oral health status and treatment needs of 250 pregnant women attending the antenatal clinic at Randle Health Centre was investigated. A coded questionnaire was administered to the pregnant women followed by their oral examination in the dental clinic. The mean oral hygiene index score increased progressively throughout pregnancy viz 1st trimester 0.72, second trimester 1.06 and third trimester 1.23. Community Periodontal Index of Treatment Needs (CPITN) revealed that 50% required scale and polish and oral hygiene instruction, 13.60% required oral hygiene instruction only and 32.2% did not require any treatment. Decayed Missing and Filled (DMF) recorded was 1.54. 51.72% of the pregnant women required amalgam fillings, 23.27% required extraction due to caries and 16.38% required partial dentures.

Adult↗
PubMed1990

[Epidemiology of caries in Alicante preschoolers. 1. Prevalence, DF index and restoration index].

In the city of Alicante (non-flouridated area) an epidemiological study of dental caries of deciduous teeth has been carried out. From a total population 7,289 preschoolers aged between 4 and 6 years, a representative sample of 1,292 children was obtained by the sampling process of a stratified randomization. The overall prevalence of dental caries in the examined sample was 42.96%, increasing from 33.58% at 4 years of age to 49.73% at 5 years. The CO-t (tooth) index was 1.44 and the CO-s (surfaces of teeth) 2.18. The morbidity index was 1.40. Second molares were the primary teeth most frequently affected (60.89%). The restoration index of 0.03 was noticeably low, being untreated 97% of the affected teeth.

Child↗