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At least 271 records · Page 15Linked to original sources

PubMed1997

A multicenter study of bispectral electroencephalogram analysis for monitoring anesthetic effect.

Bispectral analysis (BIS) of the electroencephalogram (EEG) has been shown in retrospective studies to predict whether patients will move in response to skin incision. This prospective multicenter study was designed to evaluate the real-time utility of BIS in predicting movement response to skin incision using a variety of general anesthetic techniques. Three hundred patients from seven study sites received an anesthetic regimen expected to give an approximately 50% movement response at skin incision. EEG was continuously recorded via an Aspect B-500 monitor and BIS was calculated in real time from bilateral frontocentral channels displayed on the monitor. Half of the patients were randomized to a treatment group in which anesthetic drug doses were increased to produce a lower BIS. In the control group, BIS was recorded, but no action taken on the data displayed. A determination of movement in response to skin incision was made in the 2 min succeeding incision. Retrospective pharmacodynamic modeling was performed using STANPUMP to estimate effect-site concentrations of intravenously administered anesthetics. BIS values were significantly higher in the control group (66 +/- 19) versus the BIS-guided group, in which additional anesthesia was administered to produce a lower BIS (51 +/- 19). The movement response rate was significantly higher in the control group at 43% compared with 13% in the BIS-guided group, but response rates were low at sites which used larger doses of opioids. Logistic regression analysis showed that BIS, estimated opioid effect-site concentrations, and heart rate (in that order) were the best predictors of movement at skin incision. This study demonstrates that dosing anesthetic drugs to lower BIS values achieves a lower probability of movement in response to surgical stimulation. BIS is a significant predictor of patient response to incision, but the utility of the BIS depends on the anesthetic technique being used. When drugs such as propofol or isoflurane are used as the primary anesthetic, changes in BIS correlate with the probability of response to skin incision. When opioid analgesics are used, the correlation to patient movement becomes much less significant, so that patients with apparently "light" EEG profiles may not move or otherwise respond to incision. Therefore, the adjunctive use of opioid analgesics confounds the use of BIS as a measure of anesthetic adequacy when movement response to skin incision is used as the primary end point.

Adult↗

PubMed1994

Using Functional Independence Measure profiles as an index of outcome in the rehabilitation of brain-injured patients.

Rehabilitation preserves and restores everyday functions in people who have disabilities. Functional change for patients undergoing a rehabilitation program is the best measure of the effectiveness of the rehabilitation program. One tool used for measuring function is the Functional Independence Measure (FIM). However, there are problems with the psychometric properties of FIM. This article presents a method for using FIM with median patient profiles. We show the method with data from 53 patients. The results show a relationship between the pattern of recovery and the length of stay in the unit. Spearman's rank order correlation coefficients confirm this observation. Median patient profiles prove to be a useful method of displaying data as outcome measures of the effectiveness of a rehabilitation program.

Activities of Daily Living↗

PubMed2006

Measurement of the adhesive force between a single Klebsiella pneumoniae type 3 fimbria and collagen IV using optical tweezers.

Type 3 fimbriae are important adhesive filaments that assist Klebsiella pneumoniae to establish an infection. Different MrkD adhesin variants on the fimbriae are known to display distinct adherence capability for the bacteria to bind extracellular matrix proteins, although the difference has not been determined physically. For this reason, the adhesive force between type 3 fimbriae and collagen IV were measured using optical tweezers. The measured force data displayed a periodic histogram thus Fourier analysis was applied to group it to extract the adhesive force of a single molecular pair. Specifically, we showed that grouping should begin with an offset at the first half of the period. Finally, we first present the adhesive force between each mrkD(V2)-, mrkD(V3)-, and mrkD(V4)-expressed fimbriae and collagen IV is 2.03, 3.79, and 2.87 pN, respectively. This result can be referred to further research on mrkD allelic effect on bacteria infection.

Adhesiveness↗

PubMed1992

An account of the ticks of the northeastern of Spain (Acarina: Ixodidae).

The tick species commonly collected at the Northeast of Spain are reported in this paper. Data on hosts, temperature and humidity requirements, vegetation relationships, altitudinal distribution, and seasonal activity are included. R. sanguineus is commonly collected in areas with Mediterranean vegetation, esteppe, and semi-desertic esteppe, ranging from 190 to 1,000 meters above the sea level. R. sanguineus is related with sparse vegetal areas, and it is absent from areas with dense shrub or forests of every kind; sometimes, small populations may be collected in ecotones between Pinus spp. and esteppe formations. R. pusillus is closely related to areas of Mesomediterranean vegetation, sometimes subordinate to Pinus spp. and Quercus spp. The climate to which the species ally is always of continental type, with a hot and dry summer, and cold winter; although the species is commonly restricted to its main host, Oryctolagus cuniculus, several specimens have been collected from V. vulpes. Our data display the clear affinity of I. ricinus to the Supramediterranean vegetation (Aceri-Quercion faginae), places of Quercetum-Buxetum, as well as the Iberian Oromediterranean vegetation (Pinus sylvestris-Buxus sempervirens). Captures are scarce in forest of Fagus sylvatica, but data suggest that the species may be locally common on such places. Climate for the zones of collection of I. ricinus is Atlantic attenuated, with mild summers and humid winters. D. marginatus is strongly related to the xerophilic vegetation, widely spread through the Mediterranean, Supramediterranean, and hill levels, but does not colonize the true Oromediterranean vegetation. In our captures, the species is commonly collected in pubescent oak formations, but it does not penetrate in true forest associations.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

Animals↗

PubMed1983

The development of monitoring techniques in mobile coronary care.

Mobile coronary care was first introduced by Pantridge and Geddes at the Royal Victoria Hospital in 1966. Traditional emergency equipment i.e. defibrillation and monitors were unsuitable for application in this environment. In the succeeding years the defibrillator was made highly portable, and significantly reduced in size. Specialized monitoring apparatus was also developed to provide display and recording facilities to meet the special needs of the mobile coronary care unit. However, current display systems utilize the cathode ray oscilloscope, which does not lend itself to miniaturization, is fragile, and cannot be placed at close proximity to the patient. A flat screen electroluminescent matrix of 256 X 128 dots has been developed as a physiological data display. The panel achieves a line density of approximately 83 per inch and with a time compressed memory and interpolated drive technique provides an acceptable display.

Ambulances↗

PubMed2000

1999 facility Profile Reports.

In November 1999, the Mid-Atlantic Renal Coalitions (MARC) developed and distributed its first version of a facility-specific Profile Report to the medical directors and head nurses of dialysis facilities in Washington, DC, Maryland, Virginia, and West Virginia. The profiles were distributed to support the facilities' internal quality improvement efforts and were not intended to be released as public documents. Facility characteristic and profiling indicators were selected based on the availability, reliability, and value of the data. The Profile Report consisted of 2 data displays with corresponding definition tables. An evaluation mechanism was discussed, but it was determined that the initial report would not be formally evaluated and that this would be included as a feature of future versions. Future versions will be expanded, as additional data become available, and will include rankings and data trending where appropriate.

Ambulatory Care Facilities↗

PubMed1984

Cholinergic receptors in corpora cavernosa.

In a group of 13 patients who underwent penile surgery, a small amount of cavernosal tissue was removed and examined for content of cholinergic receptors. Three patients did not display any amount of cholinergic receptors. Values in the other 10 patients ranged from 34 to 136 femtomols. In another group of 61 impotent patients with some degree of preserved erectile capacity, cholinergic stimulation was administered to the patients and the response monitored. Preliminary data displayed improved erectile capacity in 41 per cent. Further studies are needed to identify impotent patients who might respond favorably to cholinergic stimulation.

Adult↗

PubMed2002

Molecular phylogenies support multiple morphological reductions in the liverwort subclass Marchantiidae (Bryophyta).

The phylogeny of one of the putative basal-most group of land plants, the Marchantiidae, is estimated with morphological characters and with sequences of the nuclear (LSU) rDNA gene (first four domains of the 5' end of the 26S rRNA and four subsequent regions) from 34 species and 27 genera. Molecular and morphological data display high degrees of incongruence. The molecular tree topology predominates in the combined analysis. A trend from complex towards simpler morphological traits is apparent from the molecular and combined trees, whereas a trend from simple towards complex traits prevails in the morphological tree. Previously published molecular data corroborate the molecular results. It is suggested that the incongruence stems from the presence of coherent sets of reduction-related morphological traits varying in concert in the morphological data. Marchantiidae is traditionally subdivided into Marchantiales, Sphaerocarpales and Monocleales, with the majority of taxa referred to the first group. The molecular and the combined data both indicate unequivocally that Sphaerocarpales and Monocleales are nested within Marchantiales, and this result is not explicitly refuted by the morphological data.

DNA, Ribosomal↗

PubMed2004

An attempt to elucidate the increased incidence of tick-borne encephalitis and its spread to higher altitudes in the Czech Republic.

In 1993 the incidence of tick-borne encephalitis (TBE) showed a sharp rise in Central Europe and has remained high since--with some slight fluctuation. This increase is clearly evident in the Czech Republic and it could be roughly characterised as twofold in 1993-2001 in comparison with 1984-1992 (5,240:2,441 human cases). As yet in the Czech Republic the TBE increase has been manifested by: a) higher number of cases in areas well known for TBE occurrence in humans; b) re-emergence in areas where TBE human cases were not observed, or only sporadically, for a long time; c) emergence of TBE in places unknown previously (including highly elevated areas). This phenomenon has not been fully elucidated yet and we would like to contribute to a better understanding of its cause by comparing the present situation with historical data. Besides TBE epidemiological data (1965-2001) we use the twenty-year all season dynamics data of Ixodes ricinus host-seeking activity (1953-1972) supplemented by the data in 1982, 1992 and by meteorological data characterising periods under study. The fluctuation in annual averages of I. ricinus occurrence was irregular. These irregularities when compared with meteorological data can be explained by different meteorological conditions in particular years. In corresponding long-time series, the peaks of I. ricinus occurrence and TBE incidence were reached at the same time. Analyses of relevant meteorological data displayed that joint I. ricinus and TBE maximal occurrence values had been preceded by mild (or warm) autumn seasons allowing a prolongation of I. ricinus activities (including development) up to November at least, thus resulting in a higher tick volume the following year. Based on these data we conclude that the increased TBE incidence rates reported in 1993 and afterwards are attributable to a more abundant occurrence of I. ricinus ticks and that their higher abundance is due to modified climatic conditions in the last decade. Such a situation has appeared in the past as well; however, it was rare and in isolated years only. At that time, although the tick population had been more abundant, in the following year it reached the usual level again. In the 1990s the prolonged mild autumn for consecutive several years led to permanently more abundant populations of I. ricinus. The same conclusion explains the shift of I. ricinus occurrence and of TBE distribution to higher altitudes in Sumava and Krkonose Mountains.

Animals↗

PubMed1988

The glucose-6-phosphatase system in rat hepatic microsomes displays hyperbolic kinetics at physiological glucose 6-phosphate concentrations.

The kinetics of rat liver glucose-6-phosphatase (EC 3.1.3.9) were studied in intact and detergent-disrupted microsomes from normal and diabetic rats at pH 7.0 using two buffer systems (50 mM Tris-cacodylate and 50 mM 4-(2-hydroxyethyl)-1-piperazineethanesulfonic acid) and glucose-6-P varied from 20 microM to 10 mM. Identical data were obtained when the phosphohydrolase activity was quantified by a colorimetric determination of Pi or by measuring 32Pi formed during incubations with [32P]glucose-6-P. In every instance the initial rate data displayed excellent concordance with that expected for a reaction obeying Michaelis-Menten kinetics. The present findings agree with recently reported results of Traxinger and Nordlie (Traxinger, R. R., and Nordlie, R. C. 1987) J. Biol. Chem. 262, 10015-10019) that glucose-6-phosphatase activity in intact microsomes exhibits hyperbolic kinetics at concentrations of glucose-6-P above 133 microM, but fail to confirm their finding of sigmoid kinetics at substrate concentrations below 133 microM. We conclude that glucose-6-P hydrolysis conforms to a hyperbolic function at concentrations of glucose-6-P existing in livers of normal and diabetic rats in vivo.

Animals↗

PubMed1993

Computers in total quality management. Statistical process control to expedite stats.

We developed a system of computer programs to gather and then display data on turnaround time for stat tests. The data were those generated by the testing process itself so that no additional data entry was necessary. The system provided daily as well as longitudinal data for statistical process control implemented in the laboratory. The median and 90th percentile turnaround times were calculated for high-volume tests (complete blood cell count and Chem6 [six chemical serum component concentrations, ie, sodium, potassium, chloride, carbon dioxide, glucose, and urea nitrogen]), and a graphic display was automatically generated. These parameters and visual aids permitted evaluation of stat processing in the laboratory. The impact of management decisions on the stat process could be measured. Intralaboratory processing procedures were modified, and phlebotomy personnel were repositioned. Our various measurements showed which decisions improved stat turnaround time.

Blood Chemical Analysis↗

PubMed1983

Microprocessor-based pulse rate monitor.

Modern biomedical instrumentation uses the technology that resulted from advances in electronics. Integrated circuit (IC) chips have replaced large systems of hard-wired electronic logic circuits and made them obsolete. Probably the most significant development in electronics is the IC chip called a microprocessor. Its capabilities make possible sophisticated instruments that can measure, compute, and display data for recurring physiological changes such as pulse rate. Because such instruments can function faster than the changes occur, information about the rate can be determined quickly, and remedial or corrective action can be implemented quickly in response to the data. This paper describes a pulse rate monitor that uses a microprocessor. It measures the occurrence rate of signals such as heart rate and respiration rate. It detects the signal rate, compares it with preset limits, and activates alarms as the limits are exceeded. The rate is measured and displayed at all times, until alarm conditions are detected. Then the display indicates the rate that caused the alarm condition. Upper and lower rate limits can be adjusted by the operator to suit the application.

Computers↗

PubMed1990

Characterization of underivatized lipid biomarkers from microorganisms with pyrolysis short-column gas chromatography/ion trap mass spectrometry.

A microvolume Curie-point pyrolysis short-column (5 m) gas chromatography/mass spectrometry (Py-GC/MS) procedure was developed for the characterization of various lipid moieties in microorganisms. High linear flow rates (approximately 175 cm/s) characterized the GC conditions in order to effect an efficient chromatographic transfer and elution of the underivatized diglycerides and monoglycerides, and small modifications were necessary to the ion trap MS system in order for it to accommodate the relatively high gas load. During a typical analysis run anhydrodiacylglycerides eluted within a 5-6-min time frame. Gram-positive bacilli and Gram-negative species were differentiated from each other by the pyrolysis patterns of their lipid components. In spite of the complexity of the analyte, a straightforward visual analysis was achieved with the aid of simple computerized data display procedures. These procedures included examination of (1) total ion current (TIC) profiles of the lipid region of the reconstructed chromatogram, (2) the integrated mass spectrum of this region, (3) selected reconstructed ion chromatograms (RICs), (4) RIC intensity distributions, and (5) corresponding mass spectra. An appealing aspect of the lipid data reduction procedure is that most of it can be accomplished visually without requiring computerized pattern recognition techniques.

Bacteria↗

PubMed2002

Q-tracks: a College of American Pathologists program of continuous laboratory monitoring and longitudinal tracking.

CONTEXT: Continuous monitoring of key laboratory indicators of quality by hundreds of laboratories in a standardized measurement program affords an opportunity to document the influence of longitudinal tracking on performance improvement by participants focused on that outcome. OBJECTIVE: To describe the results of the first 2 years of participation in a unique continuous performance assessment program for pathology and laboratory medicine. DESIGN: Participants in any of 6 modules in the 1999 and 2000 College of American Pathologists (CAP) Q-Tracks program collected data according to defined methods and sampling intervals on standardized input forms. Data were submitted quarterly to CAP for statistical analysis. Interinstitutional comparison reports returned in 6 weeks provided each laboratory with its performance profile of key indicators and its percentile ranking compared with all participants in that quarter. This also included longitudinal comparisons of performance during previous cumulative quarters. Control charts graphically displayed data with flags identifying performance points that were out of statistical control. SETTING: Hospital-based laboratories in the United States (98%), Canada, and Australia. PARTICIPANTS: Voluntary subscriber laboratories in the CAP Q-Tracks performance measurement program: roughly 70% from hospitals of 300 occupied beds or fewer, 65% from private, nonprofit institutions, slightly more than half located in cities, one third from teaching hospitals, and 20% with pathology residency training programs. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES: Each module measured several major and additional minor quality indicators and unbenchmarked individualized data for internal use. RESULTS: Participants in 4 of 6 Q-Tracks continuous monitors demonstrated statistically significant performance improvement trends in 1999 and 2000, which were most marked for laboratories that continued participation throughout both years. These monitors were wristband patient identification, laboratory specimen acceptability, blood product wastage, and intraoperative frozen section consultation. CONCLUSIONS: Key continuous indicators chosen on the basis of a decade's experience in the CAP Q-Probes quality improvement program are useful measurement and benchmarking tools for laboratories to improve performance. In general, measures in which there is a broad range of demonstrable performance initially are most optimal for subsequent improvement using continuous monitoring. These studies have shown that quality is not static, but rather is a moving benchmark of performance as seen in the redefinition of benchmarks over time by participants in the first 2 years of the CAP Q-Tracks program.

Accreditation↗

PubMed1997

Stable isotope ratios indicate diet and habitat use in New World monkeys.

This paper demonstrates the use of stable isotope ratios of carbon and nitrogen in animal tissue for indicating aspects of species behavioral strategy. We analyzed hair from individuals representing four species of New World monkeys (Alouatta palliata, the mantled howler; Ateles geoffroyi, the spider monkey; Cebus capucinus, the capuchin; and Brachyteles arachnoides, the woolly-spider monkey or muriqui) for delta 13C and delta 15N using previously developed methods. There are no significant differences in either carbon or nitrogen ratios between sexes, sampling year, or year of analysis. Seasonal differences in delta 13C reached a low level of significance but do not affect general patterns. Variation within species was similar to that recorded previously within single individuals. The omega 13C data show a bimodal distribution with significant difference between the means. The two monkey populations living in an evergreen forest were similar to each other and different from the other two monkey populations that inhabited dry, deciduous forests. This bimodal distribution is independent of any particular species' diet and reflects the level of leaf cover in the two types of forest. The delta 15N data display three significantly different modes. The omnivorous capuchins were most positive reflecting a trophic level offset. The spider monkeys and the muriquis were similar to one another and significantly more positive than the howlers. This distribution among totally herbivorous species correlates with the ingestion of legumes by the howler monkey population. In combination, these data indicate that museum-curated primate material can be analyzed to yield information on forest cover and diet in populations and species lacking behavioral data.

Animals↗

PubMed2004

Immune reactions associated with silicone-based ventriculo-peritoneal shunt malfunctions in children.

The implantation of ventriculo-peritoneal (VP) shunting systems is the most commonly performed neurological procedure in children with hydrocephalus. Although the overall complication risk is low, the cumulative risk of shunt failure is high and unfortunately results in a high prevalence of revision surgeries. In this study, we explored the concept that some pediatric patients may develop an immune response to either the proteins attached to the silicone implant surface or to the biomaterial itself, and that this reaction may contribute to VP shunt failure in some individuals. The data displays that the sterile shunt malfunction group had a higher rate of protein deposition and increased levels of autoantibodies to the extracted surface proteins as compared to individuals with functioning shunting systems. The precise nature of the shunt-bound proteins that serve as antigens in this experiment have not yet been determined. The data also indicated that some individuals develop antibodies to polymeric substances that cross-react with partially polymerized acrylamide. The detection of significant amounts of shunt-bound protein, antibody responses to these proteins and to polymeric substances suggest that an immunological response to these proteins may play a role in the mechanism behind sterile shunt malfunctions.

Adolescent↗

PubMed1994

Facial aesthetics following edgewise and Fränkel appliance therapy: the application of Chernoff faces.

This study investigates an application of the graphical technique of multivariate data description, 'Chernoff faces', to orthodontics. This method of pictorial presentation allows the simultaneous examination of several measurements in a single figure. Each variable is represented by a scaled feature of the human face: the size and position of the ears, eyes, eyebrows, nose, and mouth, as well as the face itself, are used to display data in a diagrammatic form. Using this method, the individual post-treatment results of 62 severe Class II division 1 cases treated by either Fränkel or Edgewise appliance therapy were compared. Nine cephalometric variables were chosen, describing the profile and the antero-posterior positions of the lower jaw and teeth, and stylized cartoon faces drawn for each child. These were compared with a control face prepared from untreated children of the same sex and age. Overall, children treated with Fränkel appliances showed a more normal relationship of the lips to Ricketts' aesthetic line and a greater prominence of the lower face. This difference between the two groups was most marked in the soft tissues. In a few cases, however, the appearance of the Edgewise treated children was indistinguishable from that of the controls. It is concluded that Chernoff faces, by portraying several pertinent aspects of data simultaneously, may be a useful adjunct to the presentation of orthodontic findings.

Adolescent↗

PubMed2003

pH Dependence of the progression in NMR T(2) relaxation times in post-mortem muscle.

Continuous NMR T(2) relaxation measurements were carried out on seven rabbit longissimus muscle samples in the period from 25 min to 28 h post-mortem at 200 MHz for (1)H. To display differences in post-mortem pH progress and extent of changes in water characteristics during conversion of muscle to meat, three of the seven animals were pre-slaughter injected with adrenaline (0.5 mg/kg live weight 4 h before sacrifice) to differentiate muscle glycogen stores at the time of slaughter. Distributed analysis of T(2) data displayed clear differences in the characteristics of the various transverse relaxation components dependent on progress in pH, as did the water-holding capacity of samples 24 h post-mortem. This reveals a pronounced effect of the progressive change in pH on the subsequent development in physical/chemical states of water during the conversion of muscle to meat. Finally, the relaxation characteristics are discussed in relation to supposed post-mortem processes of protein denaturation.

Animals↗