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At least 271 records · Page 15Linked to original sources
PubMed2005

An audit of postoperative minor complications of anesthesia.

OBJECTIVE: To look at minor complications attributable to anesthesia in adult surgical patients at our Institution and to identify various contributing factors. DESIGN: Descriptive cross sectional audit. SETTING: Aga Khan University Hospital, Karachi, Pakistan. STUDY PARTICIPANTS: Seven hundred and thirty surgical patients undergoing elective surgery were recruited. INTERVENTIONS: This was a non-interventional study and data was collected prospectively based on predefined criteria. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES: The incidence of nausea, vomiting, sore throat, headache, drowsiness, phlebitis, dizziness, myalgia, transient nerve palsy, conjunctivitis, ringing of ears, low backache, lip injury, dental injury or any other minor complications were looked at. RESULTS: Nausea, sore throat and vomiting were the highest reported complications. The incidence of nausea, drowsiness and dizziness was less in patients more than sixty years of age. Incidence of nausea and vomiting was higher in ASA 1 patients and in surgery lasting less than ninety minutes. Headache and dizziness were reported high in certain surgical specialties. CONCLUSION: The overall rate of minor complications following anesthesia was 12.6%. No complications were reported by 30% of the study population. The data has given us a benchmark for patient information and will be used for risk reduction in our Department of Anaesthesiology.

Adult↗
PubMed1989

[The dilemma of the 2d primary molar].

Extensive carious lesions in primary molars often confront the dentist with a dilemma: extraction or restoration. The primary molar constitutes an important element in the development of the dentition. If extraction is considered, the dentist should be aware of the possible risks towards malocclusion or malposition. In order to understand these consequences a brief summary of normal dentition development is given, followed by a description of factors influencing development of dentition after premature extraction of a second primary molar. Premature extraction causes a disturbance in the eruption of the successor and migration of the neighbouring teeth. The eruption of the bicuspid can be delayed or accelerated according to the stage of root formation. The rate, amount and direction of migration depends on the extracted element, time of loss, spacing or crowding, eruption sequence, dental relationship, intercuspation, interaction of soft tissues and dental arch, supra-occlusion and the leeway space. To conclude the treatment modalities of pulp pathologies in primary molars are outlined. In children with deep carious lesions a treatment plan involves the child's medical history and social development as well as orthodontic, preventive and restorative aspects.

Child↗
PubMed1985

Depressed mood in new fathers: associations with parent-infant interaction.

In a sample of 37 middle-class families with firstborn 4-month-old infants, 52% of the fathers reported experiencing blues at some point after the birth of the baby. Observed behavior was found to differ between families in which the father reported eight or more days of blues (Group 2) as opposed to no blues (Group 1). Parents in Group 2 addressed fewer vocalizations to their babies. Group 2 fathers showed diminished proximity with their babies while their wives showed heightened proximity. Fathers in Group 2 engaged in less caregiving and touched their babies less than did their wives, while fathers in Group 1 engaged in more of this behavior than did their wives. Mothers and fathers in Group 2 were less likely to focus on the baby over other topics in their conversations with each other than the parents in Group 1. Few differences were found between the two groups on interview questions addressed to the fathers. However, those differences that were found, in addition to Group 2 fathers' descriptions of factors contributing to their blues, pointed to the spouse relationship as an area of concern.

Depression↗
PubMed1984

[Individual prognosis in patients with an edematous variant of breast cancer].

The probability procedure of Neuman -Pearson (method of maximal credibility) was used for the quantitative description of factors of prognosis of edematous form of breast cancer in terms of specific gravities . A complex evaluation of these factors was carried out. The reliability of prognosis made on the basis of the factors under study was as high as 79%.

Adult↗
PubMed1981

Long-term in vitro culture of murine mast cells. I. Description of a growth factor-dependent culture technique.

A feeder layer independent long-term in vitro culture system for murine mast cells is described. Concanavalin A-activated murine splenic leukocyte-conditioned medium, prepared under conditions optimal for T cell growth factor production, has been found also to contain a growth-promotion activity for murine mast cells identified by their morphology, characteristic ultrastructure of the granules, positive reactions with toluidine blue and alcian blue, presence of receptors for IgG and IgE, as well as presence of histamine, serotonin, L-Dopa, 5-hydroxytryptophan, and sulfated products within the cytoplasm. After 2 to 3 wk of culture in the presence of the conditioned medium, mast cell lines were established from various sources initially devoid of matured mast cells. Such sources included spleen and bone marrow of athymic nude mice, long-term cultured marrow cells as well as T cell-depleted normal marrow. Cultured mast cells are absolutely dependent upon the conditioned medium-derived growth factor(s) for growth and viability. Death ensues within 24 hr in the absence of the factor(s). Established mast cell lines have been maintained in exponential growth for over 1 yr by passaging in the conditioned medium every 3 to 7 days.

Animals↗
PubMed1995

Nursing productivity: from data to definition.

Analysts hesitate to measure human services' productivity because crucial elements appear so intangible. Furthermore, during contacts or incremental exchanges, servor and served consume emerging products of mutual efforts as they are produced. The served, primarily the patient, inputs first a certain physical, psychosocial and economic status, then a stream of information and responses. The nurse, as the primary, inpatient servor continually present at the site of service exchange, personally applies certain professional competencies and material resources, schedules others' activities, diffuses technology, and gathers records and transmits information. The records nurses generate and/or keep can define leading indicators of all these inputs and their interrelationships. Thus, their various impacts upon nursing services--in general, in individual categories, and in individualized course--can be usably quantified. Outcomes, too, are definable through comparisons of actual results with common expectations shaped within the process and with the results achieved by others. Patient classification and staffing ratios are indicators of availability of a requisite variety of resources. Data on errors, recidivism and referrals act as reliability measures and also yield data on durability in achieving anticipated individual results. On this basis, the author proposes graded descriptions of factors conditioning productivity and a formula evaluating nursing's contributions to it.

Efficiency, Organizational↗
PubMed1978

[Antigenic study of "Serratia marcescens" isolated in France.II.--Characterization of O antigens and description of 5 new O factors, occurrence of serotypes and labelling of new H factors (author's transl)].

The somatic O-antigens of 583 French isolates of Serratia marcescens were studied with the aid of the tube O-agglutination technique sensitized by centrifugation. Flagella antigens were identified by the H-immobilization test. Five new O-antigens (O16 to O20) were found. An antigenic factor (Co) common to isolates of serotypes O12:H9, O14:H12, O14:H20, and O13:H17 is described. Agar cultures of serotypes O12:H9 and O14:H12 dissociated into two colonial types: iridescent colonies, and non-iridescent colonies. Non-iridescent colonies, heated at 100 degrees C, are agglutinated by anti-Co serum, whereas heat-treated iridescent colonies are not. Close relationship between serogroup antigens O6 and O14 observed by traub and Kleber is confirmed. Serogroup O9 was subdivided into two subgroups. In France, 49 different serotypes were identified, with a predominance of serotypes O14:H12, O13:H17 and O3:H12. Recently, several new H-antigens were independently described by Traub and Kleber, and by us. To avoid confusion, these new H-antigens have been herein redesignated in accord with Dr Traub.

Agglutination↗
PubMedDate not supplied

[Professionalization of nursing care for elderly persons].

Out of 1.7 million people who need care, 1.2 million live in private homes and receive care from their partners and families. In this setting, considered private nursing, certain duties are reserved care professionals by reasons of professionalization. The need for professionalization has been accepted, however, it remains to be clarified which attributes are characteristic for each kind of care as a basis for developing cooperation of private and professional care in the future. The description of factors of professional nursing will be subject to legal mandates regarding care.

Aged↗
PubMed1997

[Fatal asthma. Description and study of risk factors, in the heart of an asthmatic population followed by the College of Pneumonology of the Southwest].

OBJECTIVES: To describe asthma deaths and to identify the principal short term risk factors in a population followed by twelve thoracic physicians in the South West of France between 1989 and 1995. METHODS: A multicentre clinical study in 312 pure asthmatics recruited freely and reviewed on average 37.4 months later by the same specialist. The attribution of deaths due to asthma was discussed case by case. Predicted risk factors for survival have been researched from variables on the identify card (T0) and analyses using Cox's model. RESULTS: Twenty one subjects died, 16 were due to asthma. This was an annual mortality due to asthma of 1.6%. Seven deaths occurred at home (an acute crisis was the most common) and nine in hospital (respiratory prolonged distress). The principal variables linked to poor survival were: advanced years, asthma with continuous dyspnoea, previous stay in intensive care unit, taking inhaled beta 2 mimetics continuously after inclusion, decreasing FEV1 (P < 0.001). Other variables had a weaker link: duration of asthma, exacerbation of asthma at T0 (P = 0.01), social and psychological problems (P = 0.05), severity of disease at T0 (1992 consensus) were linked to asthma mortality: 75% of the deaths concerned severe asthmatics but 25% occurred in an unforeseen fashion in moderate asthmatics. The presence of personal allergy and of rhinitis was linked to better survival independent of age and severity of asthma. CONCLUSION: This study has shown that it was possible to determine predicted risk factors for asthma deaths in the short term at the time of consultation with an asthmatic and so, to identify the most threatened subjects. The institution of assistance programs could be beneficial as a result of the knowledge of these risk factors.

Adolescent↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Factors that influence women's health in Tanzania.

A descriptive account of factors that influence women's health in Tanzania is given. The social and cultural processes that enhance or undermine women's health are emphasized. Recommendations for changes to improve women's health are made.

Cultural Characteristics↗
PubMed2004

Risk factors for colorectal cancer: an epidemiologic descriptive study of a series of 333 patients.

AIM: The purpose of the research was to evaluate several risk factors for colonic neoplasia and to institute a specialized colorectal cancer (CRC) registry in the 3rd Medical and Surgical Clinics Cluj-Napoca. MATERIAL AND METHODS: The study comprised 333 patients,155 women, mean age 61.32 +/- 12.42 years and 178 men, mean age 64.31 +/- 10.39 years, admitted to the 3rd Medical Clinic and 3rd Surgical Clinic Cluj-Napoca and diagnosed with CRC between January 2001 - September 2003. The diagnosis was made on the basis of clinical, endoscopical and histopathological findings. Age, geographical patterns, tumor location, family history, personal history and several lifestyle factors: dietary habits (intake of fat and red meat), long term smoking (more than 20 years), heavy alcohol consumption were analyzed. Evaluation was made using family history and epidemiologic lifestyle questionnaires. RESULTS: CRC occurred more frequently in the 7th decade. There was a strong correlation between age and CRC development. In the 5th decade, females developed CRC more frequently than males. The median age for developing right-sided tumors was significantly higher in males. Patients living in an urban area were dominant (69%). Family history was present in 1/3 of females and 1/4 of males. Personal history of colon polyps was more common in men, particularly among smokers for more than 20 years and among those with an excessive intake of fat. The cholecystectomized women had an increased frequency of sigmoidian tumors. All the patient's information was included in a specialized colon cancer registry. CONCLUSION: High fat intake and cigarette smoking favour colon polyp development. CRC development and location of the tumor are associated with an older age (in men) and personal history of cholecystectomy (in women). Inheritance was significant in our study group.

Adult↗
PubMed1991

Endothelium-derived relaxing and contracting factors.

Since the description of the essential role of the endothelium in mediating relaxations due to acetylcholine in mammalian arteries, it has become obvious that endothelial cells release several relaxing and contracting substances. The release is activated by a variety of agents including circulating hormones, autacoids, and products liberated by aggregating platelets, but also by changes in shear stress exerted by the blood. There is strong evidence that the major endothelium-derived relaxing factor (EDRF) is the free radical nitric oxide (NO) formed enzymatically from L-arginine. Endothelium-dependent relaxations caused by EDRF are induced through increases in the activity of soluble guanylate cyclase in the smooth muscle. Other relaxing factors, such as prostacyclin and endothelium-derived hyperpolarizing factor (EDHF) contribute to endothelium-dependent relaxations. Beside the recently described and chemically identified peptide endothelin, at least two other endothelium-derived contracting factors appear to exist. The mechanisms by which endothelium-derived contracting factors activate vascular smooth muscle are not yet clear. In certain clinical situations an impairment of the production of EDRF in face of a maintained or augmented release of contracting factors may contribute to the occurrence of localized vasospasm or generalized increases in peripheral resistance.

Arteriosclerosis↗
PubMed1978

Prognostic factors in the survival of 1,484 stroke cases observed for 30 to 48 months. I. Diagnostic types and descriptive variables.

Survival and factors affecting survival were studied in 1,484 new cases of acute definite stroke occurring between Jan 1, 1970, and June 30, 1971, in Manitoba. The 962 infarctions, 279 hemorrhages, and 243 unidentified strokes were ascertained from hospital claim reports. Personal, clinical, and laboratory data were collected from hospital medical records, death certificates, and autopsy reports. Cases were followed up until Dec 31, 1973, to determine survival. Survival was significantly better in infarction than in hemorrhage, in subarachnoid hemorrhage than in intracerebral hemorrhage, in men than in women, in the young than in the old, in the married than in the single, in hemorrhage cases from rural areas than from urban areas, and in those discharged home than in those transferred to long-term care hospitals. These data may help in predicting the outcome of stroke and in planning for more efficient care.

Age Factors↗
PubMed1998

The effects of exogenous epidermal growth factor on the developing urinary tract in rats: a stereological description.

Systemic treatment with epidermal growth factor (EGF) induces growth of all wall layers of the urinary tract in pigs and rats. In this study, we describe the time-dependent growth of the ureter and bladder. Forty-eight female Wistar rats were allocated into five groups receiving EGF treatment (150 microg/kg per day) for 0 (controls), 1, 2, 3 or 4 weeks before being killed. The 24-h urine excretion was increased only in the group treated for 4 weeks with EGF. Measured by a simple infusion device, EGF significantly increased the bladder capacity by more than 50% in all the EGF-treated groups. The volumes of the wall layers of the ureter and bladder were quantified using stereology. After 4 weeks of treatment with EGF, the total volumes of the ureter and bladder were 1.8- and 2.1-fold larger than in the control group (the urothelium was 2.8- and 3.5-fold larger and the muscular coat 1.6- and 1.6-fold larger in the ureter and bladder, respectively). In conclusion, the EGF-induced growth of the urinary tract is characterized by increased bladder capacity, and increased volume of all wall layers --most prominently the urothelium.

Animals↗
PubMed1985

Cloacal exstrophy and related abdominal wall defects in Manitoba: incidence and demographic factors.

A retrospective descriptive study of omphalocele and exstrophic defects of the abdominal wall was carried out in Manitoba to determine the prevalence of these defects, changes in birth incidence with time and their etiologic heterogeneity. The incidence of isolated omphalocele was similar to that reported in other series but the overall incidence of other types of abdominal wall defects was high. Cloacal exstrophy, bladder exstrophy and amnion disruption defects contributed significantly to the number of cases ascertained and emphasized the heterogeneity of abdominal wall defects. There were fluctuations in birth incidence with time with cloacal exstrophy especially apparently being more common in 1980-81. No specific demographic or environmental factors were documented in the cases seen in 1980-81 which could explain the high incidence in these years. Cloacal exstrophy is, however, now appreciated to be much more common than first realized. Studied directed at elucidation of the causes of apparent changes in incidence of malformations such as omphalocele or exstrophic defects will have to take into account both the fluctuations in background incidence of these defects and the considerable diversity in their etiology.

Abdominal Muscles↗
PubMed1995

The Age Group Evaluation and Description (AGED) Inventory: a new instrument for assessing stereotypes of and attitudes toward age groups.

The AGED Inventory was designed to overcome shortcomings identified in the Aging Semantic Differential, a frequently used measure of how age groups are perceived. The new instrument was developed to allow assessment both of age stereotypes and of attitudes toward age-specified targets. The Inventory was developed with data from 300 male and 300 female respondents. Two seven-item evaluative factors (the Goodness and Positiveness dimensions) resulted from a series of factor analyses used to reduce an initial set of thirty-five evaluative adjective pairs. Two seven-item descriptive factors (the Vitality and Maturity dimensions) resulted from a separate series of factor analyses used to reduce an initial set of fifty adjective pairs judged to differentiate age groups. Using confirmatory factor analyses and coefficients of congruence on data from an additional 800 respondents, the factor structures of the two evaluative factors and of the two descriptive factors were found to be replicable for young, middle-aged, and old targets assessed in either between or within subject designs. Its ease of administration, multidimensionality, flexibility of targets specification, and capability for assessing attitude and/or stereotype in a manner congruent with current conceptualizations of these constructs make the AGED Inventory useful in a variety of contexts.

Adolescent↗