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At least 271 records · Page 15Linked to original sources
PubMed1992

[Breast cancer in men: incidence and types of associated previous synchronous and metachronous cancers].

Male breast cancer represents about only 1% of all breast cancers. We have analysed a retrospective, multicentric series of 404 patients, initially non-metastatic, with mean age of 63 years. The 5 and 10-year overall survival rates were 65 and 36% respectively. Sixty-eight patients developed secondary cancer. From ten patients who already presented with cancer (2.5%) 3 cases corresponded to prostatic cancer treated by estrogen. Four had synchronous cancer (1%). Three and eight patients respectively had a synchronous and metachronous contralateral breast cancer (2.7% of bilateral cancer). Forty-three other patients (10.6%) developed metachronous cancer. The main tumor types were: prostate (9), lung (6), colon and rectum (6), esophagus (4). Four patients developed various hematologic malignancies and 14 patients, various types of solid tumors. From these 43 patients, 27 died; 19 as a result of secondary cancer. This represents 9% of all deaths among the 404 patients. While the bilateral cancer rate is similar to women, the second cancer rate appears to be higher in men. From hematological malignancies, chemotherapy and radiotherapy do not seem to contribute to this high incidence of second cancer.

Aged↗
PubMed2003

[Histopathology and tumor markers].

Serum tumor markers are useful for detection and diagnosis of cancer. Recent advances in cellular and molecular biology have developed procedures of immunohistochemistry including high sensitivity staining and epitope retrieval. Using the immunohistochemical analyses, we can detect various tumor markers, i.e., not only serum tumor markers (serum protein, carbohydrates), but also cellular skeletons, lymphocyte surface antigens, cytoplasmic markers, oncogene products and cell adhesion molecules. This article focuses on several immunohistochemical tumor markers. Carcinoembryonic antigen(CEA) is one of the good markers of colorectal cancer. Recent studies have demonstrated that CEA may function as a metastatic potentiator by different pathway, such as modulation of immune responses, facilitation of intercellular adhesion and cellular migration. CA19-9 (sialyl Le antigen), a member of a family of high molecular weight glycoproteins, was originally described as a gastrointestinal- and pancreatic-specific tumor marker. Recent studies have demonstrated that sialyl Le is a ligand for E-selectin and may play an important role in tumor metastasis. Stromal immunoreactivities of CEA or CA19-9 were correlated with lymph node metastasis and/or vascular invasion. p53 is one of the most important tumor suppressor genes, and the p53 gene product is known to regulate cell growth and proliferation. Mutation of the p53 gene can be detected immunohistochemically as overexpression of its protein in the nucleus. Diffuse p53 immunoreactivity was a histological marker of adenocarcinoma. In conclusion, immunohistochemical tumor markers are useful for histopathological diagnosis and can be prognostic predictors of cancer.

Biomarkers, Tumor↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Retinol and tocopherol content in primary and metastatic digestive neoplasms.

BACKGROUND: Recent trials in digestive-tract cancer have produced conflicting results regarding the protective role of liposoluble vitamins. Accordingly, we have undertaken an extensive appraisal of the behaviour of retinol and tocopherol in both human upper and lower digestive neoplasms. MATERIALS AND METHODS: The subjects comprised six healthy controls, 10 patients with symptomatic cholelithiasis, 13 with gastric neoplasms, 12 with colo-rectal neoplasms and 13 with digestive neoplasms and liver metastases. Retinol and tocopherol in the plasma, liver, as well as from secondary malignant nodules of the liver, were determined following a high performance liquid chromatographic technique. RESULTS: The plasma concentration of retinol was significantly reduced only in some neoplastic groups with respect to the non-neoplastic groups. Plasma tocopherol levels remained almost unchanged and, surprisingly, they were higher even in the neoplastic patients and in relation to total serum lipids. There was a sharp decrease in the liver tissue levels of total, mainly esterified, retinol in both cholelithiasis and neoplastic groups; tocopherol, on the other hand, remained more or less unchanged, except in the liver metastatic nodules, where it increased. CONCLUSION: Levels of plasma vitamin and tissue retinol and tocopherol appear to be unpredictable on the basis of the corresponding circulating levels, and this must be taken into account when prescribing dietary and therapeutic regimes.

Adult↗
PubMed2004

[Genistein: a soy isoflavone revealing a pleiotropic mechanism of action - clinical implications in the treatment and prevention of cancer].

Genistein, a naturally occurring isoflavonoid, displays antitumor, antimetastatic and antiangiogenic properties, described in various experimental in vitro and in vivo models. The results of several epidemiological studies suggest that soybean consumption may contribute to lower incidence of breast, colon, prostate, thyroid, and head and neck cancers. This protective effect of soy consumption is attributed, among others, to genistein. On the other hand, genistein may enhance the proliferation of some estrogen-positive human breast cancer cells in vivo and the growth of mammary gland and mammary cancer cells in athymic mice. In this paper, various aspects of the diverse biological activities of genistein and their potential clinical implications, especially in the treatment and prevention of cancer, are reviewed and discussed.

Angiogenesis Inhibitors↗
PubMed2004

[Biomarkers for neoplasmas in digestive organs].

This review is concerned with the usefulness and the problem of biomarkers for cancer of digestive organs. Carcinoembryonic antigen (CEA) is a most popular and useful tumor marker for cancer of digestive organs. Squamous cell carcinoma (SCC) antigen and CYFRA have been reported as a useful tumor marker for esophageal cancer. CEA and CA 19-9 are a good prognostic factor in gastric cancer patients. The post-operative increase of serum CEA can be a predictive marker for the patients of colorectal cancer. Development of a radioimmunoassay for highly sensitive detection of tumor markers, they are considered to be useful for monitoring after treatment. But are not useful for the early diagnosis. The diagnosis of hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) is based mainly on serological markers, such as alpha-fetoprotein and PIVKA-II. The two are useful complementary markers of HCC because they do not correlate with each other. But the problem of the false-positive rate for the patients with chronic hepatitis or liver cirrhosis is still remained. A typical marker of pancreatic and bile duct cancer is carbohydrate antigen, but the sensitivity of these markers is only 50%. Recent molecular biological analysis may be used as effective biomarkers in the diagnosis, prognosis, therapy, and risk assessment of digestive cancer.

Antigens, CD19↗
PubMed2004

[Is oncological surgery contraindicated in the older patient?].

Almost three-quarters of patients with cancer of the gastrointestinal tract are more than 65 years of age. In the operative treatment of esophageal pancreatic, hepatocellular and colorectal carcinomas, studies show comparable risks for patients under, and those over, 70 years of age. In terms of morbidity, mortality and 5-year mortality rates, attendant risks in the latter do not generally appear to be greater. An increase in the rate of complications, however, has been observed for palliative interventions in colorectal cancer patients. In particular cardiovascular risk factors play a major role in the over-70-year-olds.

Age Factors↗
PubMed2001

[Endoscopy in the diagnosis of tumours of the digestive tract].

Methods of digestive endoscopy belong to the diagnostic standard of tumours of the digestive tract. The classical method is endoscopic examination of the upper and lower part of the tract which makes it possible to identify under visual control lesions which alter the character of the mucosal structure of hollow organs or lead to changes e.g. of the coloration of portions of the mucosa. From these sites samples can be taken to evaluate the character of the lesion and facilitate the differential diagnosis. Similarly examination of the pancreatobiliary system (ERCP) evaluates gross changes in the morphology of efferent systems. The objective is to find diagnostic methods which detect early stages of the disease, i.e. so-called minimal changes in the architectonics or biochemical structure at the level of the examined mucosa. These methods include endocopic sonography, supplemented by aimed biopsy. The examination makes it possible to visualize individual layers of the wall e.g. of the oesophagus, stomach or gut. An irregular pattern of the layers is the sign of a process which takes place inside the wall. New methods which make the diagnosis of mucosal lesions more accurate are endoscopic autofluorescence and optic coherent tomography (OCT). In particular OCT seems to be a promising contribution to the diagnosis of dysplasias and early tumourous changes of the oesophagus, stomach and gut.

Digestive System Neoplasms↗
PubMed2005

[NCC-ST-439].

Explore the source record for details and available documents.

Antigens, Tumor-Associated, Carbohydrate↗
PubMed2006

Significance of tenascin-C, fibronectin, laminin, collagen IV, alpha5beta1 and alpha9beta1 integrins and fibrotic capsule formation around liver metastases originating from cancers of the digestive tract.

The formation of a fibrotic capsule around liver metastases may functionally act as a barrier to local invasion. However, the prognostic significance of exstracellular matrix (ECM) and of some integrins' deposition around liver metastases remains unclear. An immunohistochemical investigation was carried out on 55 patients with synchronous liver metastases from colorectal and gastric cancers. Encapsulated metastases were detected in 60% of the cases. The 'non-capsular' cases showed clear immunostaining for tenascin-C, fibronectin, collagen IV, laminin, alphaSMA and integrins. On opposite, most of the cases with 'capsule' were negative for the studied ECM proteins and the two integrins. The patients with 'capsular' pattern had significantly longer median survival after the surgery compared to those with non-encapsulated metastases. The presence of tenascin, fibronectin, fibronectin receptor and laminin, as well as the strong immune signal for alphaSMA and collagen type IV in the sinusoids attached to the liver metastases was associated with a worse prognosis. The cells, forming ECM in the sinusoids attached to metastases in the 'non-capsular' pattern were alphaSMA-positive myofibroblasts. It was shown ultrastructurally that they were HSCs. The results indicate that fibrotic capsule formation is associated with longer survival after surgery. The appearance of tenascin-C and of its receptor at the periphery of liver metastases could be used as a sign of invasiveness.

Adenocarcinoma↗
PubMedDate not supplied

[Ovarian metastases of extragenital tumors. Anatomo-pathological contribution to their interpretation].

Ovarian metastases from extragenital malignant tumours. An anatomohistopathologic approach. 102 cases of ovarian metastases from extragenital malignant non hematopoietic primaries have been studied in the Institute of Anatomy and Histopathology of the Trieste University. Breast cancers, followed by colonic, gastric and pancreatic tumours are the most frequent spreading primaries to the ovaries. Generally speaking the ovarian metastases seems to be closely related to the lower age at the tumour onset and to the width of metastatic spreading; this is true mainly for breast and colorectal cancer. These features should suggest that tumour aggressiveness, rather than some tropism of malignant cells, could play the most important role in the metastatic involvement of ovaries. A double behaviour should be instead suggested for gastric cancer: the first one is consistent with those previously described for the other tumours, the second one is related to a less aggressive gastric cancer, arising in the elderly (mean age 73 years old) with isolated involvement of the ovary showing the features of Krukenberg tumours.

Adult↗
PubMedDate not supplied

[Surgical treatment of pulmonary metastases].

Between 1977 and 1986, 23 patients with pulmonary metastases were operated upon in a thoracic and cardiovascular surgery department, totalling 26 thoracotomies. The time elapsed between treatment of the primary tumour and that of the metastasis (single or multiple) ranged from 11 to 89 months. The metastases were discovered on follow-up x-ray films of the chest in 15 cases. All patients underwent preoperative lung function assessment, pulmonary radiotomography or thoracic computerized tomography and bronchial fibroscopy. Surgery consisted of tumorectomy (12 cases), lobectomy (5 cases), pneumonectomy (3 cases), segmentectomy (1 case) and tumorectomy combined with lobectomy (1 case). In 2 patients only exploratory thoracotomy could be performed. The operative mortality was nil. The mean survival counted from the date of the last thoracotomy was 17 months (range 1 to 51 months). The mean absolute survival was 24 months (range 13 to 51 months). The actuarial survival rate was 60 percent at 1 year, 47 percent at 2 years and 26 percent at 3 years. Terminal respiratory failure was the main cause of death. Surgery within a multidisclinary approach of lung cancer must therefore spare as much lunch parenchyma as possible to preserve the patient's future.

Adult↗