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At least 271 records · Page 15Linked to original sources

PubMed2004

Distillation of bose-einstein condensates in a double-well potential.

Bose-Einstein condensates of sodium atoms, prepared in an optical dipole trap, were distilled into a second empty dipole trap adjacent to the first one. The distillation was driven by thermal atoms spilling over the potential barrier separating the two wells and then forming a new condensate. This process serves as a model system for metastability in condensates, provides a test for quantum kinetic theories of condensate formation, and also represents a novel technique for creating or replenishing condensates in new locations.

Journal Article↗

PubMed2004

Distillation protocols: output entanglement and local mutual information.

A complementary behavior between local mutual information and average output entanglement is derived for arbitrary bipartite ensembles. This leads to bounds on the yield of entanglement in distillation protocols that involve disinguishing. This bound is saturated in the hashing protocol for distillation, for Bell-diagonal states.

Journal Article↗

PubMed2006

Quantum key distribution based on arbitrarily weak distillable entangled states.

States with private correlations but little or no distillable entanglement were recently reported. Here, we consider the secure distribution of such states, i.e., the situation when an adversary gives two parties such states and they have to verify privacy. We present a protocol which enables the parties to extract from such untrusted states an arbitrarily long and secure key, even though the amount of distillable entanglement of the untrusted states can be arbitrarily small.

Journal Article↗

PubMed1990

Effects of the elimination of a state monopoly on distilled spirits' retail sales: a time-series analysis of Iowa.

Since the end of prohibition in the USA, only one state, Iowa, has eliminated its state retail monopoly of distilled spirits sales for off-premise consumption. In March 1987 all state retail stores were closed, and private establishments were licensed to sell distilled spirits. Interrupted time-series analyses of apparent spirits consumption in Iowa, controlling for nationwide sales trends over the past two decades, identified a statistically significant 9.5% increase in spirits sales following the policy change. While there was a corresponding 13.7% decline in wine sales, and no change in beer sales, privatization of spirits retail sales yielded a net increase in total alcohol consumption in Iowa. No changes were found in spirits sales in states bordering Iowa.

Alcohol Drinking↗

PubMed1975

Distilled glutaraldehyde: its use in an improved fixation regime for cell suspensions.

A method is described for the sequential fixation of cell suspensions, suitable for use at room or culture temperatures. Though an adequate method for fixing cell suspensions does exist in the literature (Hirsch & Fedorko, 1968), it involves the use of a mixed glutaraldehyde-osmium tetroxide fixative. Since these two components inter-react, this method has many drawbacks. Previously described weaknesses of a sequential fixation regime (Hirsch & Fedorko, 1968; Jones, Yeh & Hirsch, 1972) with glutaraldehyde and osmium tetroxide have been overcome by the use of vacuum distilled glutaraldehyde as the primary fixative. The results, using a mixed glutaraldehyde-osmium tetroxide fixative and using the two components sequentially on a variety of cell types, are compared. The advantages of a sequential fixation made possible by the use of vacuum distilled glutaraldehyde rather than commercial glutaraldehyde are discussed.

Aldehydes↗

PubMed1989

Ultrathin sectioning for electron microscopy: the distilled water in the knife trough may extract phosphatase reaction products from the sections.

During an electron microscopical study of the localization of the nucleoside diphosphatase IDPase in Reissner's membrane of the inner ear, it was discovered that the distilled water in the knife trough produced an annoying artefact. It dissolved all the lead phosphate reaction product from the sections, and thus converted a positive phosphatase reactivity to a false negative one. The water in the knife trough had a pH of approximately 5.4. Calculations showed that this is an expected acidity, if CO2 in the air equilibrates with distilled water, and that there is 200,000 times more acid in the trough than necessary to dissolve all the reaction product from a ribbon of ultrathin sections. Experiments showed that the artefact could be avoided by adjusting the pH to neutrality with dilute ammonia.

Acid Anhydride Hydrolases↗

PubMed1971

Pseudomonas aeruginosa: growth in distilled water from hospitals.

Pseudomonas aeruginosa can grow relatively fast in distilled water obtained in hospitals and achieve high cell contaminations which remain stable for long periods of time. Cells grown in distilled water react quite differently to chemical and physical stresses than cells grown in standard laboratory culture media.

Bacteriological Techniques↗

PubMed1977

Isolation of Yersinia enterocolitica from well water and growth in distilled water.

Yersinia enterocolitica was recovered from well water during a large water-borne outbreak of gastrointestinal illness. Isolates were predominantly Nilehn biotype 1, of which 57% were serologically nontypable. Isolation and enumeration of these Y. enterocolitica strains were made on M-Endo broth. Laboratory studies were conducted on selected isolates to establish the growth of Y. enterocolitica in distilled water and the competitive growth of this organism in various enteric media. Growth was obtained in sterile distilled water without added nutrients at 4, 25, and 37 degrees C. M-Endo medium gave equal or better recovery of Y. enterocolitica in competitive growth studies than did other commonly used enteric media using the membrane filter technique and incubating at 35 degrees C. All well water isolates were confirmed biochemically at 25 and 35 degrees C and serotyped, and antibiotic susceptibility tests were performed.

Culture Media↗

PubMed1984

Penetration of different human pathogenic viruses into sand columns percolated with distilled water, groundwater, or wastewater.

The adsorption of several enteroviruses and rotavirus SA11 to sand from an aquifer in the Federal Republic of Germany was estimated in sand-filled columns loaded with ca. 10(7) PFU and run at a velocity of 2.5 m/day for 12 h. After either distilled water, groundwater, secondary effluent, or tertiary effluent was percolated, the sand core was slowly extruded out of the column and cut in 1-cm slices. The slices were eluted with nutrient broth, and the amount of viruses in the broth was estimated. The best adsorption was promoted by groundwater and tertiary effluent, followed by distilled water and secondary effluent. Similar experiments, carried out at different percolation rates, indicated that a 50-day underground stay of recharged water probably suffices to eliminate viruses in the groundwater-recharged tertiary effluent. However, when viruses and sand were incubated in the presence of the surfactants sodium dodecyl sulfate, nonyl phenol, dodigen 226, or alkylbenzylsulfonate, the adsorption of the viruses was substantially diminished. Experiments in the presence of nonyl phenol seem to indicate that hydrophobic interactions are involved in the adsorption of viruses to sand.

Adsorption↗

PubMed1986

Long-term storage of plant-pathogenic bacteria in sterile distilled water.

This study was made to determine the effectiveness of the preservation of plant-pathogenic bacteria in sterile distilled water. After 20 or 24 years of storage in distilled water, a very high percentage (90 to 92%) of the isolates of Agrobacterium tumefaciens and Pseudomonas spp. were still alive. Moreover, 12 of 13 viable (after 24 years) isolates of P. syringae subsp. syringae maintained their ability to produce syringomycin and were pathogenic to bean seedlings. The water-stored cells of two isolates of P. syringae subsp. syringae, when observed by electron microscopy, were smaller than cells of 24-h-old subcultures of bacterial cells grown in nutrient broth; the water-stored cells appeared plasmolysed with an electron-dense cytoplasm and thickened cell wall.

Journal Article↗

PubMed1999

Microbial desulfurization of a crude oil middle-distillate fraction: analysis of the extent of sulfur removal and the effect of removal on remaining sulfur.

Rhodococcus sp. strain ECRD-1 was evaluated for its ability to desulfurize a 232 to 343 degrees C middle-distillate (diesel range) fraction of Oregon basin (OB) crude oil. OB oil was provided as the sole source of sulfur in batch cultures, and the extent of desulfurization and the chemical fate of the residual sulfur in the oil after treatment were determined. Gas chromatography (GC), flame ionization detection, and GC sulfur chemiluminesce detection analysis were used to qualitatively evaluate the effect of Rhodococcus sp. strain ECRD-1 treatment on the hydrocarbon and sulfur content of the oil, respectively. Total sulfur was determined by combustion of samples and measurement of released sulfur dioxide by infrared absorption. Up to 30% of the total sulfur in the middle distillate cut was removed, and compounds across the entire boiling range of the oil were affected. Sulfur K-edge X-ray absorption-edge spectroscopy was used to examine the chemical state of the sulfur remaining in the treated OB oil. Approximately equal amounts of thiophenic and sulfidic sulfur compounds were removed by ECRD-1 treatment, and over 50% of the sulfur remaining after treatment was in an oxidized form. The presence of partially oxidized sulfur compounds indicates that these compounds were en route to desulfurization. Overall, more than two-thirds of the sulfur had been removed or oxidized by the microbial treatment.

Biodegradation, Environmental↗

PubMed1975

Bacteriological evaluation of an ultra-pure water-distilling system.

A prototype distillation and storage system with recycle for producing ultrapure water was monitored for bacteriological contamination during a period of 24 months. Naturally occurring Pseudomonas aeruginosa and P. cepacia were found to grow rapidly to levels of about 10(5)/ml in water taken from the storage reservoir and also in commercially prepared distilled water. The system was found to eliminate bacterial contaminants introduced into the still with the feed water, but the reservoir, once contaminated, remained contaminated during prolonged recycle, After a single treatment with free chlorine, the entire system remained uncontaminated until accidental or purposeful shutdown.

Pseudomonas↗

PubMed2007

Long-term results of sealed capsule irrigation using distilled water to prevent posterior capsule opacification: a prospective clinical randomised trial.

BACKGROUND: We investigated long-term safety and efficacy of sealed capsule irrigation (SCI) during cataract surgery to prevent posterior capsule opacification (PCO). METHODS: One eye of each of 17 patients (mean age: 70.1+/-9.7 years) who presented with bilateral cataracts was randomly chosen for SCI treatment. After phacoemulsification, the capsular bag was vacuum sealed with the PerfectCapsule device (Milvella) followed by SCI using distilled water for two minutes. No vacuum loss occurred during irrigation. Each patient's fellow eye served as a control. One hydrophilic acrylic intraocular lens model was implanted in all eyes. Five patients had to be excluded due to deep anterior chamber, small pupil or unilateral surgery. Follow-up examinations took place one day and one, three, six, 12 and 24 months after surgery. We evaluated safety parameters, anterior capsule (AC) overlapping and PCO. RESULTS: Postoperatively, mean best corrected visual acuity, pachymetry, endothelial cell count, intraocular pressure, AC overlapping and PCO showed no statistically significant difference between SCI and the control group (p>0.05, Wilcoxon test). CONCLUSION: SCI is a safe procedure and enables the specific pharmacological targeting of lens epithelial cells inside the capsular bag. Using distilled water, however, it is not possible to reduce PCO development significantly. Thus, alternative substances should be evaluated.

Adult↗

PubMed1981

Bronchial hyperreactivity in response to inhalation of ultrasonically nebulised solutions of distilled water and saline.

To assess non-specific bronchial reactivity the effect of inhaling ultrasonically nebulised solutions of distilled water and hypotonic (0.3%), isotonic (0.9%), and hypertonic (2.7%, 3.6%) saline was investigated in 10 asthmatic patients and nine normal subjects. Expired ventilation and the maximum percentage fall in forced expiratory volume in one second (FEV1) were recorded. The sensitivity to the inhaled solutions was determined by measuring the ventilation required to induce a fall in FEV1 of 20% from the prechallenge value. Hypotonic and hypertonic but not isotonic solutions caused a significant fall in FEV1 in the asthmatic subjects. Normal subjects showed no response to either distilled water or 3.6% saline, the only solutions with which they were challenged. The method used for this challenge is rapid, simple, and inexpensive and provides a new means of diagnosing non-immunologically mediated bronchial hyperreactivity.

Adolescent↗

PubMed1999

Cirrhosis mortality and per capita consumption of distilled spirits, United States, 1949-94: trend analysis.

OBJECTIVE: To describe, evaluate, and suggest interpretations for an observed aggregate level relation between trends in mortality from cirrhosis and per capita consumption of distilled spirits in the United States. DESIGN: Trend analysis using data on US cirrhosis mortality and per capita alcohol consumption. RESULTS: There is a consistent long term trend relation between mortality from cirrhosis and per capita consumption of distilled spirits in the United States from 1949 to 1994. Two instances of comparatively sharp drops in the consumption of spirits earlier in the 1940s generated mixed results in predicting changes in cirrhosis mortality. CONCLUSIONS: An aggregate level relation between trends in long term cirrhosis mortality and the consumption of spirits falls considerably short of establishing a direct causal link between the two for individuals. Moreover, two sharp drops in the consumption of spirits generated only mixed results with respect to the short term trend in cirrhosis. Nevertheless, the observed relation between the consumption of spirits and cirrhosis mortality merits further investigation.

Alcohol Drinking↗

PubMed1999

Airway hyperresponsiveness to ultrasonically nebulized distilled water in subjects with tetraplegia.

The majority of otherwise healthy subjects with chronic cervical spinal cord injury (SCI) demonstrate airway hyperresponsiveness to aerosolized methacholine or histamine. The present study was performed to determine whether ultrasonically nebulized distilled water (UNDW) induces airway hyperresponsiveness and to further elucidate potential mechanisms in this population. Fifteen subjects with SCI, nine with tetraplegia (C4-7) and six with paraplegia (T9-L1), were initially exposed to UNDW for 30 s; spirometry was performed immediately and again 2 min after exposure. The challenge continued by progressively increasing exposure time until the forced expiratory volume in 1 s decreased 20% or more from baseline (PD20) or the maximal exposure time was reached. Five subjects responding to UNDW returned for a second challenge 30 min after inhalation of aerosolized ipratropium bromide (2.5 ml of a 0.6% solution). Eight of nine subjects with tetraplegia had significant bronchoconstrictor responses to UNDW (geometric mean PD20 = 7.76 +/- 7.67 ml), whereas none with paraplegia demonstrated a response (geometric mean PD20 = 24 ml). Five of the subjects with tetraplegia who initially responded to distilled water (geometric mean PD20 = 5.99 +/- 4.47 ml) were not responsive after pretreatment with ipratropium bromide (geometric mean PD20 = 24 ml). Findings that subjects with tetraplegia are hyperreactive to UNDW, a physicochemical agent, combined with previous observations of hyperreactivity to methacholine and histamine, suggest that overall airway hyperresponsiveness in these individuals is a nonspecific phenomenon similar to that observed in patients with asthma. The ability of ipratropium bromide to completely block UNDW-induced bronchoconstriction suggests that, in part, airway hyperresponsiveness in subjects with tetraplegia represents unopposed parasympathetic activity.

Adult↗

PubMedDate not supplied

Anti-inflammatory efficacy of topical preparations with 10% hamamelis distillate in a UV erythema test.

In 40 volunteers the efficacy of three lotions with 10% hamamelis distillates from different suppliers, two vehicles, dimethindene maleate 0.1% gel, hydrocortisone 1% cream and hydrocortisone 0.25% lotion were investigated in a modified UV erythema test with three UV dosages (1.2, 1.4 and 1.7 MED). The test preparations were applied occlusively over a 48-hour period following irradiation. Chromametric measurement of redness and visual assessment were performed 24, 48 and 72 h after induction of erythema. The hydrocortisone formulations were most effective in erythema suppression. An anti- inflammatory effect was noted for all three hamamelis lotions as well as for the vehicles. A significantly greater suppression of erythema than seen with the vehicles was noted for one of the hamamelis lotions at 1.4 MED. The efficacy of the antihistamine dimethindene maleate did not surpass the hamamelis lotions or the vehicles. Even though the differences between the hamamelis lotions were slight, it was possible to make an objective selection of the best hamamelis distillate for aftersun purposes.

Administration, Topical↗

PubMed1987

Intravesical irrigation with distilled water during and immediately after transurethral resection and later for superficial bladder cancer.

In a retrospective study, the influence of distilled water, used as the irrigation fluid during and immediately after the complete removal of superficial bladder cancer, on the recurrences of bladder cancer was evaluated. Thirty-two percent recurrence developed in the first year (25 patients) and 50% in the second year (39 patients). The 3-month and 1-year recurrence-free rates were 87.2 and 68% respectively. The results support the concept that recurrences may arise from tumor cell implantation at the time of transurethral management of bladder tumors and may be reduced effectively by using distilled water.

Aged↗