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At least 271 records · Page 15Linked to original sources
PubMed1986

[Effect of excess and deficit of hormones of the pituitary-adrenal system on drinking behavior in the rat].

In rats, effects of hormonal disbalance of the pituitary-adrenal axis on formation, extinction and subsequent restoration of conditioned drinking response were studied. The hypophysectomia accelerated learning of this response whereas administration of ACTH retarded its extinction. In 45 days after extinction, a significant deficit of the habit retrieval was observed in hypophysectomized rats. The time of the conditioned response actualization increased in animals treated with ACTH or dexamethasone. The findings are discussed in the light of the hypothesis suggesting that hormonal balance of pituitary-adrenal system is important for the processes of consolidation and for retention of conditioned responses.

Adrenal Cortex Hormones↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Motivating drinking behavior change depressive symptoms may not be noxious.

Depression often hinders behavior change among people who abuse alcohol; it adversely affects self-efficacy and is associated with poor outcomes. However, the Transtheoretical Stages of Change Model suggests that personal discomfort, namely if the costs of drinking outweigh the benefits, may lead to behavior change. Often such alcohol-related consequences are associated with depression. Seventy-five alcohol-abusing participants, ages 18-50, completed the Beck Depression Inventory (BDI), Losses Of Significance Self-report Questionnaire-Revised (LOSS-QR), Situational Confidence Questionnaire-42 (SCQ-42), the Brief Readiness to Change Questionnaire (RTC), and the Steady Pattern Chart (SP) at baseline and again 3 months later. BDI scores were significantly associated with all three RTC stage scores. LOSS-QR scores significantly predicted BDI scores but SCQ-42 scores did not. Interestingly, BDI scores did not predict changes in drinking rates over time. Greater levels of depressive symptoms, perhaps associated with awareness of negative drinking consequences, may promote rather than hinder motivation to change drinking behavior among people.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1983

Drinking behavior following electrical stimulation of the subfornical organ in the rat.

Electrical stimulation of the subfornical organ (SFO) through implanted stainless-steel electrodes produced drinking in water-sated rats. Drinking was elicited primarily during the interstimulation (OFF) periods. Water intake in rats with hippocampal electrode placements occurred during both ON and OFF periods at current intensities (24-100 microA) similar to rats with SFO placements. These findings support the hypothesis that the SFO is involved in the central control of fluid balance.

Animals↗
PubMed1994

The coordination of rhythmical drinking behavior with swallowing in rabbits.

To analyze the relationship between swallowing and rhythmical licking movement, jaw movement trajectories and muscle activities were recorded during water drinking in freely behaving rabbits. Three types of swallows were identified based on the configurations in thyrohyoid burst with the cycle phases. They were distinguished by whether the burst stayed in the opening phase; whether it continued over the opening phase until the closing phase; and whether it began in the closing phase and ended in the opening phase. The occurrence frequencies were 66%, 20%, and 14%, respectively, for the three types. The duration of the opening phase and burst durations in the jaw opening muscles in swallowing cycles were longer than those in licking cycles regardless when the swallow occurred. However, there were small influences of the thyrohyoid burst on a duration of the closing phase. The results suggest that during licking and swallowing, the digastric muscle may mainly work as a jaw opening-related muscle, and the mylohyoid muscle may work as both a jaw opening-related muscle and a swallowing-related muscle.

Animals↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Smoking and drinking behavior before and during pregnancy of married mothers of live-born infants and stillborn infants.

Data from the 1980 National Natality Survey (NNS) and the 1980 National Fetal Mortality Survey (NFMS) are used to describe the drinking and smoking behavior of married mothers before and during pregnancy according to maternal race and Hispanic origin, age, and education. Typically, smokers were white mothers under 25 years of age with a high school education or less, and drinkers were white mothers 25 years of age and older with more than a high school education. When pregnancy was confirmed, reductions in smoking and drinking occurred. However, mothers of stillborn infants were less likely to stop smoking than were the mothers of live-born infants. Although the prevalence of drinking was much higher than was the prevalence of smoking among the mothers included in these surveys, the reduction in drinking was much more pronounced than was the reduction in smoking. For nearly every sociodemographic subgroup, the prevalence of smoking was higher and the prevalence of drinking was lower among mothers of stillborn infants than among mothers of live-born infants. Some of these differences are due to the age-race-health status makeup of the two NNS-NFMS populations sampled, and carefully controlled multivariate analyses are required to specify the relationship of maternal smoking and drinking to birth outcome. This descriptive analysis is the first step in that process.

Adult↗
PubMed2001

Lowered legal blood alcohol limits for young drivers: effects on drinking, driving, and driving-after-drinking behaviors in 30 states.

OBJECTIVES: This study evaluated the effects on drinking and driving of lowered allowable blood alcohol concentration (BAC) limits for drivers younger than 21 years in 30 US states between 1984 and 1998. METHODS: Outcome measures were based on self-reports from a cross-sectional sample of more than 5000 high school seniors in 30 states surveyed before and after BAC limits were implemented in their states. RESULTS: Frequency of driving after any drinking and driving after 5 or more drinks declined 19% and 23%, respectively. Lower BAC limits did not affect overall amount of drinking or total number of miles driven. CONCLUSIONS: Significant beneficial effects of lowered youth BAC limits have appeared despite limited publicity and enforcement of the new laws.

Adolescent↗