Copper content in brains with blood-brain barrier damaged by freezing, hemorrhage and encephalomalacia (experimental work).
Explore the source record for details and available documents.
Animals↗
SEARCH · PubMed Health
Results for “ENCEPHALOMALACIA”
Explore indexed PubMed citations for clinical trials, systematic reviews and public health research. Read source abstracts and follow each citation to its original PubMed record.
Quote a phrase for an exact phrase match. Source license links do not imply unrestricted reuse.
[Hemodynamic study of acute encephalomalacia with xenon 133. Incidence of a global loss of autoregulation].
Explore the source record for details and available documents.
Acute Disease↗
Prospective observations of 100 high-risk neonates by high-field (1.5 Tesla) magnetic resonance imaging of the central nervous system. II. Lesions associated with hypoxic-ischemic encephalopathy.
One hundred neonates determined prospectively to be at risk for neurologic handicap underwent magnetic resonance imaging with a high-field (1.5 T) imager. Thirty-three demonstrated a total of 37 lesions consistent with hypoxic-ischemic encephalopathy, including periventricular leukomalacia (n = 12), basal ganglia hemorrhage (n = 5), multicystic encephalomalacia (n = 5), and focal parenchymal hemorrhage (n = 15). Diagnoses by ultrasonography and computed tomography were compared with those by magnetic resonance imaging in 29 and 17 infants, respectively. Ultrasonography agreed more frequently with magnetic resonance imaging than did computed tomography. Ultrasonography detected 79% of lesions demonstrated by magnetic resonance imaging whereas computed tomography detected only 41%. Periventricular leukomalacia was seen most often in preterm infants, basal ganglia hemorrhage and multicystic encephalomalacia primarily occurred in term infants, and focal parenchymal hemorrhage occurred at all gestational ages. Basal ganglia hemorrhage and multicystic encephalomalacia were strongly associated with histories of perinatal asphyxia, seizures, and early abnormal neurological status. All infants with basal ganglia hemorrhage (5/5) and multicystic encephalomalacia (5/5) and the majority with periventricular leukomalacia (9/12) and focal parenchymal hemorrhages (9/15) had developmental abnormalities at discharge.
Brain Ischemia↗
[Clinical significance of changes in blood viscosity in cerebrovascular insufficiency (author's transl)].
In 50 patients with encephalomalacia and 50 patients with a transient cerebral ischemic attack (TIA) the risk factors and viscosity of the whole blood as well as the hematocrit were determined before the start of treatment. Compared to a control group, the blood viscosity in patients with encephalomalacia was significantly increased (p less than 0.001) in all ranges of shearing velocity tested, in patients with TIA only at that shearing velocity which may be assumed for the area of microcirculation. This increase was related to the presence of arterial hypertension, hyperlipemia, heart failure, diabetes mellitus, hyperfibrinogenemia and increased tendency of thrombocytes and erythrocytes to aggregate. From the results obtained it was concluded that increased blood viscosity in the cerebral area of microcirculation with insufficient cerebral collateral circulation may decisively favor the development of encephalomalacia.
Acute Disease↗
[Serum content of alpha-amino nitrogen in patients with stroke].
The concentration of alpha-amino nitrogen in the serum of 18 healthy subjects, 17 patients with cerebral haemorrhage, and 23 patients with encephalomalacia due to thrombosis was determined by the colorimetric ninhydrin method of Moore and Stein modified by Slavik. The determinations were done on the 1st, 3rd and 10th days of the disease. The mean concentration of alpha-amino nitrogen in the serum of patients with cerebral haemorrhage was lower than in controls on the 1st and 3rd days of the disease but the difference was not significant statistically. The mean level of alpha-amino nitrogen in the serum of patients with encephalomalacia was lower on the 1st day than in controls while on the 3rd and 10th day it was slightly higher as compared with controls, however, statistically the differences were not significant. The mean values of alpha-amino nitrogen in the serum of patients with cerebral haemorrhage and those with encephalomalacia gradually approached the control values.
Amino Acids↗
[Schizencephaly associated with porencephaly in a girl with congenital cytomegalovirus infection].
INTRODUCTION: At the present time it is perfectly clear that schizencephaly is an anomaly of neuronal migration and porencephaly is the result of destruction of the cerebral cortex. Schizencephaly is the final result of a variety of lesions which occur during a critical period of the development of the brain. Imaging studies have shown many cerebral anomalies varying from lissencephaly to multicystic encephalomalacia. We report the case of a girl in whom porencephaly was associated with schizencephaly and in whom angioresonance showed hypoplasia of the right middle cerebral artery. CLINICAL CASE: The parents of an eight month old girl consulted us after observing that she had reduced movement of her left arm. On clinical examination there was left hemiparesia. Both CAT and MR showed closed lip schizencephaly of the left hemisphere and an area of right frontoparietal encephalomalacia. Study of the vascular structures showed underdevelopment of the right middle cerebral artery. CONCLUSIONS: The cytomegalovirus has been considered to be the principal infectious agent involved in the aetiology of different disorders of neuronal migration. It has been reported that the cytomegalovirus causes vasculitis which leads to reduction in perfusion and lesions due to secondary encephalomalacia. The fact that our patient had a hypoplastic middle cerebral artery, and a normal left middle cerebral artery, may be explained by subsequent recanalization of the middle cerebral artery. This would seem to indicate that the lesion causing schizencephaly is older and there has been time for recanalization.
Brain↗
[Findings on magnetic resonance in spastic cerebral palsy].
OBJECTIVES: To study the types of lesion found on magnetic resonance (MR) in cerebral palsy (CP) and their correlation with a the type of CP, gestational age at birth and aetiology. PATIENTS AND METHODS: We made a retrospective review of all patients over one year in age, diagnosed as having spastic CP, who were seen in a paediatric neurology clinic between 1987 and 1998. The MR were evaluated blindly using data from the clinical history. RESULTS: Seventy two patients fulfilled criteria for inclusion in the study. The following results were obtained (all associations were statistically significant with p<0.01):1. Patterns of lesion: MR findings were classified into one of the following patterns: parasagittal lesion (7), diffuse multicystic encephalomalacia (4), periventricular leukomalacia (PVL) (26), bilateral dilatation of the basal ventricles without alteration of the signal from the periventricular white matter (5), bilateral lesions in the basal ganglia (5), focal multicystic encephalomalacia (limited to one vascular area) (4), unilateral lesions of hypersignal in the white matter (4), unilateral dilation of a lateral ventricle with or without homolateral cortical atrophy (3), malformations/disorders of migration (7), normal (7). 2. Correlation of the findings with the gestational age and type of CP: a) Spastic tetraplegia: 64% of the premature babies showed PVL. In newborn babies at term the lesions were more varied. b) Spastic diplegia: 80% of the premature babies had PVL and 83% of newborn babies at term had normal MR. c) Spastic hemiplegia: 81% had unilateral lesions. 3. Correlation with the aetiology: 62% of the cases of parasagittal lesions, diffuse multicystic encephalomalacia and bilateral lesions of the basal ganglia were due to hypoxic-ischemic encephalopathy. CONCLUSION: The MR findings in CP show good correlation with gestational age, type of CP and aetiology.
Basal Ganglia↗
Classification of brain compartments and head injury lesions by neural networks applied to MRI.
An automatic, neural network-based approach was applied to segment normal brain compartments and lesions on MR images. Two supervised networks, backpropagation (BPN) and counterpropagation, and two unsupervised networks, Kohonen learning vector quantizer and analog adaptive resonance theory, were trained on registered T2-weighted and proton density images. The classes of interest were background, gray matter, white matter, cerebrospinal fluid, macrocystic encephalomalacia, gliosis, and "unknown." A comprehensive feature vector was chosen to discriminate these classes. The BPN combined with feature conditioning, multiple discriminant analysis followed by Hotelling transform, produced the most accurate and consistent classification results. Classification of normal brain compartments were generally in agreement with expert interpretation of the images. Macrocystic encephalomalacia and gliosis were recognized and, except around the periphery, classified in agreement with the clinician's report used to train the neural network.
Artificial Intelligence↗
CT scan abnormalities in a series of patients with hemorrhagic shock and encephalopathy syndrome.
BACKGROUND: Hemorrhagic shock and encephalopathy syndrome (HSES) affects children under 1 year of age and is characterized by seizures, shock and certain laboratory abnormalities, including coagulation abnormalities. It has a high mortality and many of the survivors are neurologically abnormal. OBJECTIVE: To describe abnormalities observed on initial and follow-up CT scans in a group of patients suffering from HSES. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Retrospective review of records and CT scans of ten patients with HSES who were admitted to the intensive care unit of the Children's Hospital and Medical Center, Seattle. RESULTS: Cerebral edema was seen in all cases when the CT scan was obtained between 1 and 7 days after onset of HSES. The basal ganglia and cerebellum were relatively spared, and no hemorrhage was seen. Patients with moderate or marked cerebral edema usually had a poor prognosis. All survivors had significant neurologic sequelae. CT scans obtained after 7 days often showed encephalomalacia with ex vacuo ventricular enlargement. CT scans obtained between 24 h and 4 days after onset will show the acute changes of HSES. CT scans during the initial and convalescent stages of HSES can provide useful information about cerebral edema and encephalomalacia, which occur frequently with this illness.
Brain↗
Prognostic correlative values of the late-infancy MRI pattern in term infants with perinatal asphyxia.
The aim of this study was to define the risk ratios of the late-infancy magnetic resonance imaging pattern for long-term outcome in term infants with perinatal asphyxia. We evaluated 65 term infants with perinatal asphyxia and performed magnetic resonance imaging examinations between 4-12 months of age. Magnetic resonance imaging scans were classified as follows: (1) periventricular leukomalacia in 21 (32%) infants, (2) marked cortical atrophy in 17 (26%) infants, (3) multicystic encephalomalacia in 10 (15%) infants, (4) deep gray matter involvement in 8 (12%) infants, (5) focal cortical involvement in 6 (9%) infants, (6) myelination delay in 3 (5%) infants. The overall outcome was favorable in 19 (29%) of 65 infants. Infants with diffuse cortical involvement (multicystic encephalomalacia and marked cortical atrophy) are four times (odds ratio: 4.4 and 4.1 respectively) more likely to attain the unfavorable outcome than the infants with other patterns of magnetic resonance imaging. Infants with focal cortical involvement had relatively favorable outcome in 60% of the cases. In conclusion, it appears that the overall outcome of infants with perinatal asphyxia correlated well with the magnetic resonance imaging patterns obtained between 4 and 12 months of age.
Asphyxia Neonatorum↗
Effect of dilauryl succinate on reproduction of the cock and hen and preventive effect of vitamin E.
Fertility of White Leghorn cocks fed a diet containing 12% of dilauryl succinate (LS) for 16 weeks was significantly lower than that of cocks fed the control diet. Little difference in fertility and hatchability of fertile eggs was observed between White Leghorn hens fed the control or LS diets, but the percentage of chicks at hatch, which showed signs of encephalomalacia with lesions on the cerebellum, and the percentage of the hens and offspring having fragile erythrocytes were much higher when LS was fed. Total tocopherol in the plasma of the cocks and hens fed LS and in the eggs laid by the hens fed LS was lower than that in birds fed the control diet, though that of the hens was within the range of plasma tocopherol of normal hens. Offspring of the cocks and hens fed LS died from encephalomalacia earlier than those fed the control diet. These observations with LS feeding were all prevented by oral administration of dl-alpha-tocopheryl acetate. The responses of the cocks and hens to LS were compared with those to linoleic acid in the literature. The direct effect of LS, or more likely of monolauryl succinate, independent of peroxides from unsaturated fatty acids was discussed.
Animals↗
Cystic brain lesion in utero.
Two autopsy cases of cystic brain lesion in utero are reported. One of them was a donor infant of twin transfusion syndrome. The baby died immediately after birth and showed multicystic encephalomalacia in the distribution of the anterior cerebral artery. The second baby was a stillborn infant with thanatophoric dwarfism with associated chronic periventricular leukomalacia (PVL). It was suggested that the multicystic encephalomalacia and chronic PVL found in the first and second cases were caused by persistent circulatory disturbances in utero.
Cysts↗
Spontaneous thrombosis of deep cerebral veins: a complication of arteriovenous malformation.
An uncommon type of stroke in children is presented. An intracranial arteriovenous malformation in a 13-year-old boy spontaneously occluded about 22 months after surgical intervention. Precipitating factors, such as bacterial infections, could not be demonstrated in this patient, who had been attending school since the time of the craniotomy. The histological features of venous encephalomalacia in the galenic territory are contrasted with hemorrhagic encephalomalacia as seen after arterial occlusions: in the former, hemorrhages are more widespread and edema is more pronounced.
Adolescent↗
The nutritional contribution to bovine spongiform encephalopathy.
Evidence that changes in feeding style alter the membrane fatty acid composition of ruminant tissue is presented here by comparing zoo giraffe with the same species from their natural habitat. The membrane changes seen are similar to those used experimentally to make animals susceptible to basic brain protein and encephalomalacia. Similar membrane responses have been noted in cattle. Use of animal protein and increased nitrogen in cattle feeds would lead to a relative deficiency of essential fatty acids in the cell membranes and hence reduced membrane stability. By analogy with crazy chick disease (nutritional encephalomalacia) and experimental encephalomyelitis in rats, the possibility that the changes in animals feeds would have depleted cattle tissue membranes and made them susceptible to BSE is discussed. The assumption being made is that the principle of a requirement of essential fatty acids for neural integrity and immune system function would apply to cattle as well as to other species.
Animal Feed↗
[Catalase-like activity in cerebrospinal fluid in patients with cerebral stroke].
Catalase-like activity was determined in the cerebrospinal fluid of 16 patients with cerebral haemorrhage, 24 cases od encephalomalacia due to thrombosis, and 10 controls. It was demonstrated that catalase-like activity in the cerebrospinal fluid of patients with cerebral stroke is significantly raised in relation to the activity observed in controls. This rise is patricularly evident in the first 24 hours after the onset. The rise was statistically significant only in the group of encephalomalacia.
Catalase↗
[Urinary uropepsin activity in patients with different forms of stroke].
The investigations were carried out in 30 control cases, in 20 patients with acute transient cerebral circulatory failure, 20 patients with intracerebral haemorrhage, and 22 patients with thrombotic encephalomalacia. The determinations of uropepsin activity were done on the 1st, 3rd, 7th and 14th days of the disease. Uropepsin activity in 24-hour urine was determined by the method of West, Ellis and Scott. In the group of patients with acute transient cerebral circulatory failure abnormalities in urinary uropepsin activity were not significant. The mean activity of uropepsin in 24-hour urine in patients with intracerebral haemorrhage and brain infarction on the 1st day of the disease was significantly higher than in controls. The rise in the activity of this enzyme in patients with encephalomalacia was lower in relation to patients with intracerebral haemorrhages. During improvement of the condition of patients with brain stroke the uropepsin activity in 24-hour urine decreased.
Acute Disease↗
Brain injury in children with sickle cell disease: prevalence and etiology.
Our objective was to evaluate the relationship between brain injury by magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) and vasculopathy by magnetic resonance angiography (MRA) in children with hemoglobin SS, the most serious form of sickle cell disease. We reviewed imaging for all 146 SS patients imaged at St. Jude Children's Research Hospital since 1993. Standard MRI criteria were used to identify cystic infarction, leukoencephalopathy, encephalomalacia, or atrophy. Standard MRA criteria were used to identify arterial tortuousity (limited vasculopathy), and stenosis or occlusion (extensive vasculopathy). At an average age of 10 years, the estimated prevalence of infarction, ischemic damage, or atrophy in SS patients was 46%, and of vasculopathy was 64%. Only 28% of patients were normal by both modalities, and patients abnormal by MRA often were abnormal by MRI (p < 0.00001). Patients with cystic infarction had limited vasculopathy, whereas patients with encephalomalacia had stenosis or occlusion (p < 0.0001). Large arteries were affected in 31% of brain injury patients, whereas small arteries are inferred to be abnormal in up to 69% of patients with brain injury. The degree of vasculopathy is closely related to the degree of brain injury, implying that vasculopathy is prodromal to most forms of brain injury in hemoglobin SS.
Adolescent↗
Temporal lobe changes following radiation therapy: imaging and proton MR spectroscopic findings.
Radiation therapy for nasopharyngeal carcinoma affects the temporal lobes. This paper characterizes proton MR spectroscopic findings of the temporal lobes and correlates them with imaging changes. Single-voxel proton MR spectroscopic examinations were acquired from 13 healthy adult volunteers (25 spectra) and 18 patients (28 spectra). All patients had biopsy-confirmed nasopharyngeal carcinoma and were previously treated with radiation therapy. Six patients (33%) had a single treatment and 12 (67%) patients had two treatments. Point resolved spectroscopy (PRESS) method was used (TR = 3,000 ms, TE = 135 ms) and data processed automatically using the LCModel software package for metabolite quantification. Voxel size and geometry were adapted to the lesion to reduce skull-base lipid contamination. The metabolites were quantitated relative to water signal. For each location, an additional non-water-suppressed reference scan in fully relaxed conditions was performed. The imaging findings were divided into four categories: I, normal; II, edema only; III, contrast-enhancing lesions; and IV, cystic encephalomalacia. The N-acetyl-aspartate levels were reduced in 27 (96%) spectra. Choline was increased in 3 (11%), normal in 4 (14%), and reduced in 21 (75%) spectra. The creatine level was normal in 8 (29%) spectra and reduced in 20 (71%) spectra. Imaging showed 4 (14%) spectra with category-I imaging findings; 5 (18%) spectra with category-II findings; 15 (54%) spectra with category-III findings; and 4 (14%) spectra with category-IV findings. Magnetic resonance spectroscopy showed reduced N-acetyl-aspartate in radiation-induced temporal lobe changes. Creatine levels were relatively more stable. Choline levels may be increased, normal, or reduced. Imaging findings ranged from normal to contrast-enhancing lesions and cystic encephalomalacia.
Adult↗