PubMed Health⌕ Search

SEARCH · PubMed Health

Results for “ESTHETICS, DENTAL”

Explore indexed PubMed citations for clinical trials, systematic reviews and public health research. Read source abstracts and follow each citation to its original PubMed record.

Quote a phrase for an exact phrase match. Source license links do not imply unrestricted reuse.

At least 271 records · Page 15Linked to original sources
PubMed1975

Late results after advancing the mandible by sagittal splitting of the rami.

38 patients have been followed up for at least 2 years, and in the mean 5 years after surgical correction of retrognathia. The technique used was the sagittal splitting of the rami (Obwegeser 1955, 1957) usually with the modification of the lateral cortical bone cut of Dal Pont (1959). 26 patients showed no changes compared with the early postoperative result. In 8 other cases, the horizontal overjet increased up to 3 mm without impairment of the aesthetic or functional result. Therefore the operation may be considered successful in 90% of cases. Four severe relapses were noted. They are at least partially caused by poor repositioning of the condyle-bearing segment during operation. Reduced function of different degrees was seen at the late check-up in 20% of the mental nerves. 45% of the patients have cracking in the temporomandibular joint. Causes and possible late consequences are discussed. To conclude, the sagittal splitting of the rami for the forward movement of the mandible as the standard method of our clinic seems justified.

Cephalometry↗
PubMed2003

Relationship of malocclusion severity and treatment fee to consumer's expectation of treatment outcome.

Understanding consumer expectations is important if orthodontists are to be successful in marketing their elective services. The purpose of this study was to examine the relationship between consumer outcome expectations and treatment variables, including cost of treatment and malocclusion severity. The subjects were parents of patients recruited from 9 private orthodontic practices in southwestern Pennsylvania who were entering a single comprehensive phase of orthodontic treatment, characterized by a full fee and complete fixed appliances. The parents completed a questionnaire regarding outcome expectations for their child's orthodontic treatment. Pretreatment orthodontic study models of each child were evaluated with the peer assessment rating. The results of this study suggest that orthodontic consumers have very high outcome expectations. Also, the parents of patients with severe overall malocclusions, overjet, or midline deviations have expectations that exceed probable treatment outcomes. Orthodontists should consider that consumers seeking their services have increased expectations not related to the treatment outcomes.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1997

Profile changes in patients treated with and without extractions: assessments by lay people.

The purpose of this study was to assess the profile changes in subjects with Class II, Division 1 malocclusions who were treated either with or without the extraction of the four first premolars. The assessments were made by 39 lay persons. Profile silhouettes on 91 (44 extraction and 47 nonextraction) patients were evaluated at three stages: pretreatment, posttreatment, and approximately 2 years after treatment. Photographs matched for age and sex were also evaluated on 20 normal untreated subjects (10 males and 10 females). All rater assessments were analyzed statistically as to the effects of the following variables: (a) occlusion, i.e., normal or Class II, (b) treatment rendered, i.e., extraction or nonextraction, (c) gender, i.e., male or female, and (d) stage of observation, i.e., pretreatment, end of treatment or in retention. The current findings indicate that (1) before treatment, lay persons perceived the profile of normal patients more favorably than untreated patients with Class II, Division 1 malocclusions. (2) Immediately after treatment, raters perceived the changes in the profile of the extraction group more favorably than those in the nonextraction and normal groups. (3) At the end of the observation period (approximately 2 years posttreatment), raters did not evaluate the profile of any of the groups as being more favorable, but all groups were perceived more favorably than at the initial observation. (4) Raters perceived the profile changes with treatment more favorably in female subjects than in male subjects. In conclusion, orthodontic treatment seems to have a favorable effect on the profiles of both the extraction and nonextraction groups, both short- and long-term. Therefore, when based on proper diagnostic criteria, the posttreatment changes in the facial profile were perceived as favorable in both the extraction and nonextraction Class II, Division 1 groups when compared with the pretreatment profile.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1999

Cephalometric soft tissue facial analysis.

My objective is to present a cephalometric-based facial analysis to correlate with an article that was published previously in the American Journal of Orthodontic and Dentofacial Orthopedics. Eighteen facial or soft tissue traits are discussed in this article. All of them are significant in successful orthodontic outcome, and none of them depend on skeletal landmarks for measurement. Orthodontic analysis most commonly relies on skeletal and dental measurement, placing far less emphasis on facial feature measurement, particularly their relationship to each other. Yet, a thorough examination of the face is critical for understanding the changes in facial appearance that result from orthodontic treatment. A cephalometric approach to facial examination can also benefit the diagnosis and treatment plan. Individual facial traits and their balance with one another should be identified before treatment. Relying solely on skeletal analysis, assuming that the face will balance if the skeletal/dental cephalometric values are normalized, may not yield the desired outcome. Good occlusion does not necessarily mean good facial balance. Orthodontic norms for facial traits can permit their measurement. Further, with a knowledge of standard facial traits and the patient's soft tissue features, an individualized norm can be established for each patient to optimize facial attractiveness. Four questions should be asked regarding each facial trait before treatment: (1) What is the quality and quantity of the trait? (2) How will future growth affect the trait? (3) How will orthodontic tooth movement affect the existing trait (positively or negatively)? (4) How will surgical bone movement to correct the bite affect the trait (positively or negatively)?

Adolescent↗
PubMed1993

Evaluation of mandibular fracture treatment.

A total of 124 patients treated for mandibular fractures were analyzed. Patients were divided into three groups according to treatment: intermaxillary fixation, wire fixation and mini-plate fixation. For each method, the success of treatment was evaluated with respect to surgical approach, fracture site and injury to treatment interval. Five basic parameters were used for evaluation of the outcome: occlusion, appearance, mastication, duration of IMF and complications. The treatment was surveyed based on both the surgeon's and patient's-evaluation. All parameters were scored and average values for every parameter calculated. The most successful treatment was achieved with mini-plate fixation in symphyseal and angle fractures. Intermaxillary fixation is indicated for mandibular body fractures with or without minimal displacement and a sufficient number of teeth. However, mini-plate fixation should be used for fractures with displacement. Wire fixation has been shown to be the poorest choice for all sites. Results showed that the intraoral approach has advantages over the extraoral one. The optimal time for treatment of mandibular fractures is within 72 h from time of injury. Even in fractures older than 7 days we recommended mini-plate fixation.

Adult↗
PubMed1998

Asymmetric extractions used in the treatment of patients with asymmetries.

Patients with dentoalveolar asymmetries can present some of the most biomechanically challenging situations to the orthodontist. One creative approach for managing dental asymmetries is to extract a combination of teeth that will simplify intra-arch and interarch mechanics. Often this will also reduce the dependency on patient compliance for elastic wear and may even shorten treatment time. Atypical extraction patterns can also be beneficial in the presurgical orthodontic preparation of orthognathic surgery patients. Multiple diagnostic scenarios are discussed, and various treatment plans involving asymmetric extraction patterns are reviewed.

Dental Arch↗
PubMed1997

Patient's opinion and treatment outcome of fixed rehabilitation on Brånemark implants. A 3-year follow-up study in private dental practices.

In this study, patient opinion on oral rehabilitation by means of Brånemark implants was investigated. All patients were referred to a periodontal clinic for implant installation and treated by one and the same operator. Prosthetic restorations were performed by dentists, who had no previous experience with prostheses on implants, but had completed a postgraduate training course. Patient opinion was obtained through questionnaires, pertaining to satisfaction and oral function. A comparison was made between pre-implant situation, short-term (< 4 months) and long-term functioning (3 years) with the implant-restorative rehabilitation. In total, 61 patients participated in the study; 23 received a full lower arch bridge and 18 a full upper arch bridge, while 20 patients got partial bridges. Of 298 installed implants, 7 failed at abutment connection (2.3%) and 1 during the 3-year follow-up interval (0.3%). The study results indicated that a great majority of patients were very satisfied with the treatment. Comfort with eating, aesthetics, phonetics and overall satisfaction improved significantly and nearly all patients said that they would undergo the treatment again or recommend it to others. Patients experienced their implants as "natural" teeth. The conclusion is that rehabilitation ad modum Brånemark, even in the hands of non-specialized dentists, can be of high quality, improving oral function and satisfying the needs and demands of patients.

Adaptation, Psychological↗
PubMed2000

The immediate replacement of teeth by dental implants using homologous bone membranes to seal the sockets: clinical and radiographic findings.

Placement of dental implants into fresh extraction sockets has several advantages compared to the original protocol. However, the soft-tissue handling is often complicated and the aesthetic results less rewarding. A method to use a homologous bone membrane as the sole sealer of the extraction socket after immediate implant placement is introduced and the outcome of 34 cases is presented. In 4 cases early losses of the membranes occurred (2 of these iatrogenic damage) in all other cases the homologous membranes were covered by proliferation of the surrounding mucosa within 2-4 weeks. In 2 of the 4 cases where the membranes were lost, the implants did not integrate, in the other 2 cases the implants did integrate but the sockets did not fill completely with bone and the aesthetic results were not acceptable. In all other cases bone filling of the socket occurred, the implants were stable at 180 days after insertion (functional success rate 94.1%) and the aesthetic results were excellent. The method thus seems very promising but the healing process is delicate and the operation site highly vulnerable during the first postoperative weeks. It should also be stressed that the present study offers conclusions neither about the quality of the newly formed bone nor about the quality of osseointegration offered by this bone.

Adolescent↗
PubMed2000

Dental neglect and dental health among 26-year-olds in the Dunedin Multidisciplinary Health and Development Study.

OBJECTIVES: To test a modification of a previously-reported six-item dental neglect scale and examine its association with dental health and service-use among young adults. METHODS: Of the 980 26-year-old participants in the Dunedin Multidisciplinary Health and Development Study, 973 completed the scale and 930 underwent dental examination. Sociodemographic and dental service-use data were collected using a self-report questionnaire. RESULTS: Factor analysis showed that five of the original six items loaded on the scale, and responses to those items were summed to give a dental neglect scale score for each participant. Scale scores were normally distributed (mean=13.0; SD=3.6; range 5 to 25), and a median split created higher and lower dental neglect groups. A higher proportion of the higher neglect group group: (i) were male; (ii) rated their dental health and dental appearance as below average; (iii) brushed their teeth infrequently; (iv) had extensive plaque deposits; (v) used dental services only when they had a problem; (vi) had not recently seen a dentist; (vii) had lost at least one permanent tooth because of caries, and (viii) had a greater number of decayed tooth surfaces. CONCLUSIONS: Although further examination of its validity and reliability is indicated, the dental neglect scale appears to hold promise for use in dental health promotion, not only in highlighting population groups or individuals who would benefit from intensive health promotion efforts, but also in the evaluation of health promotion interventions.

Adult↗
PubMed2002

Dentistry between pathology and cosmetics.

In ancient and medieval times, the prevalence of caries and periodontal disease varied. There were no treatments for dental hard tissue, but dental cosmetics played an important role. In the late 19th century, caries levels reached a maximum in Europe and North America after refined sugar became a cheap staple food. Toothlessness became frequent even in young adults. Caries prevention, effective on a public health scale, began with the introduction of water fluoridation in the 1940s. By 1985, dental academia had acknowledged that substantial declines could also be obtained in entire populations through topical fluorides, mainly in toothpastes. While decreasing caries prevalence is irrefutable in affluent countries, the specific reasons of the decline are still a matter of debate. In countries where caries has declined substantially, activities of dentists are shifting towards cosmetic dentistry. However, caries continues to be a problem for the lower socioeconomic strata, even in affluent countries, and is a serious problem in developing countries. Thus, water fluoridation is still important, and salt fluoridation should be considered where water fluoridation is not feasible. Both measures are extremely cheap to implement. Controlled fluoridation has a great potential for developing countries and low social strata of affluent countries. Its reduced effectiveness in high socioeconomic strata of affluent countries, due to the widespread usage of fluoride in toothpastes and other oral care products, should not detract from the public health value of fluoridation.

Dental Caries↗
PubMed1999

Basic implant surgery.

Implant surgery protocols differ slightly with individual systems. However, basic surgical principles are required to ensure successful osseointegration of the implant in the correct location which allows good aesthetics and loading.

Anesthesia, Dental↗
PubMed2001

Dental transfigurements in Borneo.

Dental transfigurement, formerly termed dental mutilation, has been practised by many societies worldwide. This article gives many of the forms that have been attributed to the indigenes of the island of Borneo. The method has been performed by review of anthropological books, sparse dental references, Borneo research literature, and popular writing.

Borneo↗