PubMed Health⌕ Search

SEARCH · PubMed Health

Results for “ETHINYL ESTRADIOL”

Explore indexed PubMed citations for clinical trials, systematic reviews and public health research. Read source abstracts and follow each citation to its original PubMed record.

Quote a phrase for an exact phrase match. Source license links do not imply unrestricted reuse.

At least 271 records · Page 15Linked to original sources
PubMed2004

Psychological effect of the oral contraceptive formulation containing 3 mg of drospirenone plus 30 microg of ethinyl estradiol.

OBJECTIVE: To investigate in healthy eumenorrheic young women whether an oral contraceptive (OC) containing drospirenone (DRSP) (3 mg) + ethinyl estradiol (EE) (30 microg) (DRSP + EE) could modify psychological symptoms and whether it could modify steroids interfering with the gamma-aminobutyric acid (GABA)-A receptors. DESIGN: Clinical study of treated subjects and nontreated controls. SETTING: Healthy volunteers in the Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology at Cagliari University. PATIENT(S): Control group (n = 12) and OC group (n = 10) women with similar age, body mass index, and main outcome measures. INTERVENTION(S): The control group was studied during the first menstrual cycle at the follicular phase (FP) and at the luteal phase (LP) and during the third cycle at the LP; the OC group was studied during the first cycle, as described above, and on day 16-18 of the third cycle of treatment with DRSP + EE. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURE(S): Psychometric scale (SCL-90), DHEAS, P, allopregnanolone (AP), and allotetrahydrodeoxy-corticosterone (THDOC). RESULT(S): SCL-90 and DHEAS did not vary throughout the menstrual cycle. P, AP, and THDOC values were higher during the LP than the FP. At the third cycle, in the control group the main outcome measures were similar to those at LP. In the OC group, the SCL-90 global score, the intensity of anxiety and phobic anxiety, the levels of anxiolytic steroids (P, AP, THDOC) and the anxiety-inducing steroid DHEAS were reduced. CONCLUSION(S): The results suggest beneficial effects of DRSP + EE on psychological symptoms by decreasing DHEAS.

Adult↗
PubMed1981

Morphology of liver cell tight junctions in ethinyl estradiol induced cholestasis.

Using freeze-fracture techniques the junctional complex of the hepatocytes in female rats is studied after ethinyl estradiol induced cholestasis. The gap junctions are not changed in this situation in contrast to the altered pattern found in extrahepatic bile duct obstruction. The more or less parallel tight junctional strands around the canalicular lumen are converted into a irregular loose network after estradiol treatment in a similar way as in extrahepatic cholestasis. These modifications in the geometrical arrangement of the strands suggest an increase permeability through the tight junctions so that a backward diffusion of biliary components through intercellular escape is possible.

Animals↗
PubMed2000

Triphasic norgestimate-ethinyl estradiol for treating dysfunctional uterine bleeding.

OBJECTIVE: To compare the efficacy of a triphasic combination oral contraceptive (OC) containing norgestimate and ethinyl estradiol (E2) and placebo in the treatment of metrorrhagic, menometrorrhagic, oligomenorrheic, and polymenorrheic dysfunctional uterine bleeding (DUB). METHODS: In this multicenter, randomized, double-masked study, 201 women (15-50 years of age) with DUB received triphasic norgestimate-ethinyl E2 or placebo, for three consecutive 28-day treatment cycles. Efficacy was determined by evaluating investigator and subject assessments of DUB resolution, abnormal uterine bleeding patterns during an 84-day reference period, and change from baseline in subjects' quality of life. The sample size was based on the assumption that the proportions of subjects exhibiting treatment success (percentage of subjects with investigator and subject overall assessments of DUB resolution of "improved") were 65% for the active group and 40% for the placebo group (alpha = 0.05, 1 - beta = 0.80). RESULTS: More than 80% of subjects receiving triphasic norgestimate-ethinyl E2 had improvements in their abnormal bleeding patterns as assessed by investigators, and the subjects themselves compared with fewer than 50% of subjects in the placebo treatment group (P <.001). Abnormal bleeding patterns were reported by significantly fewer subjects receiving triphasic norgestimate-ethinyl E2 than in the placebo treatment group (P <. 001). Change from baseline in physical functioning (eg, self-care, walking, lifting, exercising) was significantly more improved in the triphasic norgestimate-ethinyl E2 group than in the placebo group. CONCLUSION: The triphasic combination of norgestimate and ethinyl E2 is an effective treatment for metrorrhagic, menometrorrhagic, oligomenorrheic, and polymenorrheic dysfunctional uterine bleeding.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1991

Complexion changes in oral contraceptive users. Results from a phase IV multicenter trial evaluating the safety and efficacy of ethynodiol diacetate, 1 mg, with ethinyl estradiol, 35 micrograms.

An open-label, phase IV, multicenter survey of obstetrician-gynecologists was conducted to evaluate the efficacy and safety of a low-dose monophasic oral contraceptive, ethynodiol diacetate, 1 mg, with ethinyl estradiol, 35 micrograms. Surveys from 983 community-based physicians reported on 6,382 women. Most patients did not experience "clinically noticeable complexion changes" (5,695/6,382, or 89.2%). Of the 687 patients with complexion changes, nearly three-fourths reported an improvement (501/687, or 72.9%). A follow-up questionnaire was sent to 127 respondents (18.6%) who reported worsening of the complexion; 70% of the questionnaires were returned. Most complexion worsening was of slight degree (63%), reported by the patient and not the physician (84% vs. 16%), and experienced during the first two to three months (84%). Although the literature includes many references to skin condition "improvement" on oral contraceptives, this report of a descriptive study gives clinicians as estimate of the incidence and severity of complexion changes in actual use.

Contraceptives, Oral, Hormonal↗
PubMed1987

Ovarian follicular cell hyperplasia in fetal mice treated transplacentally with ethinyl estradiol.

The occurrence of follicular cell hyperplasia was studied by light and electron microscopy in fetal mouse ovaries exposed to ethinyl estradiol (EE) from day 11 through day 17 of pregnancy. Pregnant mice were given EE in olive oil (0.02, or 0.2 mg/kg of body weight) and were sacrificed on day 18. The female fetuses were examined for ovarian histogenesis. Follicular cell hyperplasia was detected in both of the experimental groups, but the incidence was statistically significant only in fetuses exposed to 0.2 mg/kg of EE. Light and electron microscopic observations of the ovaries showed that the hyperplasia was located in the medullary region, and the follicular cells showed pleomorphism. Accumulation of abundant lipid droplets, enlarged rough endoplasmic reticulum with granular material, dense bodies, and vague masses of fibrous structures were seen in the cytoplasm. These morphological observations indicate that hyperplasia of follicular cells in fetal mouse ovaries at term can be induced by prenatal treatment with EE.

Abnormalities, Drug-Induced↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Evaluation of an in utero through lactational exposure protocol for detection of estrogenic effects of ethinyl estradiol on the offspring of rats: preliminary trial.

As a preliminary trial of an in utero through lactational exposure protocol, ethinyl estradiol, 0, 0.5, 5, or 50 micro g/kg/day, was administered by gavage to pregnant Crj: CD (SD) IGS BR rats from gestational day (GD) 7 to day 18 after delivery to evaluate the efficacy of this protocol and to estimate optimal endpoints. The dams showed no abnormalities. Cleft phallus was observed in female offspring at 50 micro g/kg. Other than a retardation of body weight gain in both sexes at 50 micro g/kg/day, no other abnormal findings were detected. The fact that cleft phallus was the only change induced suggests that the protocol is applicable to the detection of effects of estrogenic chemicals given to pregnant rats on offspring development and that the morphology of the female external genitalia may be a useful endpoint.

Abnormalities, Drug-Induced↗
PubMed1999

Effect of oral contraceptives containing 20 and 35 micrograms ethinyl estradiol on urinary prostacyclin and thromboxane metabolite levels in smokers and nonsmokers.

The interaction between smoking and oral contraceptive (OC) use with respect to thrombogenesis was investigated by studying the effects of OC and smoking on urinary prostacyclin (PGI2) and thromboxane A2 (TxA2) metabolite levels in smokers and nonsmokers. Sixty healthy women, aged 19-32 years, who were not taking any hormonal treatment for at least 3 months before initiating the study, were divided into three equal groups: OC users who smoked (N = 20), OC users who did not smoke (N = 20), and a control group of 10 smokers and 10 nonsmokers. Each OC treatment group was randomized to receive either norethindrone (NET) acetate (1 mg)/ethinyl estradiol (EE2) (35 micrograms) (N = 10) or NET acetate (1 mg)/EE2 (20 micrograms) (N = 10) daily for 3 months. Overnight urine collections and fasting blood samples were obtained at baseline and at the end of the 3-month study. Serum levels of NET and EE2, as well as urinary levels of cotinine and the stable metabolites of PGI2 and TxA2, namely 6-keto-prostaglandin F1 alpha (6-keto-PGF1 alpha) and thromboxane (TxB2), respectively, were measured by specific immunoassays. Analysis of pre- to posttreatment changes in mean urinary 6-keto-PGF1 alpha and TxB2 levels for each subgroup, as determined by smoking status and EE2 dose, showed no statistically significant differences. Also, no significant differences were found in each subgroup with respect to changes in the 6-keto-PGF1 alpha/TxB2 ratios. Large intersubject variability in urinary 6-keto-PGF1 alpha and TxB2 levels were observed in all subgroups. The results of this study indicate that both low-estrogen-dose compounds, when used by smokers or nonsmokers, did not significantly alter the ratio of PGI2 to TXA2 metabolites, compared with pretreatment. However, the small number of subjects and the large intersubject variability in this study make it difficult to determine if there is a significant difference between the 20- and 30-microgram EE2 doses.

6-Ketoprostaglandin F1 alpha↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Effects of an environmental estrogen, 17alpha-ethinyl-estradiol, on the maternal-fetal trophic relationship in the eelpout Zoarces viviparus (L).

In the present experiment pregnant eelpout Zoarces viviparus females were exposed to 0, 5, 10, 50, 500 ng/l of the synthetic estrogen ethinylestradiol (EE2) and to 500 ng/l estradiol-17beta (E2) under flow-through conditions during 3 weeks and the maternal-fetal trophic response was investigated. The circulating yolk-precursor protein vitellogenin, measured by ELISA, increased from a mean control value of 0.017-36 mg/ml in the plasma of the motherfish exposed to the highest concentration of EE2 This increase in vitellogenin was also depicted by a 288% increase in circulating calcium levels. During pregnancy the ovary represents a new route of calcium loss from the maternal blood for the growth of the embryos. However, a significant decrease (120% in the group exposed to the highest concentration of EE2) in the calcium level in the ambient medium of the embryos, the ovarian fluid, was observed concomitant with the increase in maternal plasma calcium in the EE2-exposed females. In contrast, the level of circulating amino acids decreased in the maternal blood, with a slight concomitant increase in the ovarian fluid of the exposed fish. These and other metabolic observations indicate that exposure to different doses of EE2 and to estradiol-17beta affects the maternal-fetal trophic relationship.

Animals↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Dietary ethinyl estradiol exposure during development causes increased voluntary sodium intake and mild maternal and offspring toxicity in rats.

Exogenous estrogen exposure during development often results in behavioral masculinization and/or defeminization of genetic females. Genetic males may be defeminized, hypermasculinized or even demasculinized after similar treatment. Here, pregnant Sprague-Dawley rats consumed phytoestrogen-free diets containing 0, 1, 5 or 200 ppb EE(2) beginning on gestational day (GD) 7. Offspring were weaned to the same maternal diet and maintained gonadally intact. There were mild effects on body weight and food consumption in dams of the 200 ppb group and their offspring weighed less at birth than those of the control group; however, gross assessments of nursing behavior were normal in all dietary groups. Postweaning, offspring of the 200 ppb group weighed less and consumed less food than controls. There were no EE(2)-related effects on open-field activity (tested at postnatal days (PND) 22-24, 43-45 and 64-66), play behavior (tested at PND 35), running wheel activity (PND 63-77) or intake of a 0.3% saccharin-flavored solution (PND 69-71). Intake of a 3.0% sodium chloride-flavored solution on PND 73-75 was increased in both male and female offspring of the 200 ppb group relative to same-sex controls, an effect that is reportedly estrogen mediated. Sodium chloride-flavored solution intake is a sexually dimorphic behavior for which female rats consume more than males. Here, while EE(2) exposure had few effects on the conventional tests of sexually dimorphic behaviors, exposure to 200 ppb in the diet appeared to feminize genetic males and hyperfeminize genetic females with regard to sodium intake.

Aging↗
PubMed1980

Polyestradiol phosphate and ethinyl estradiol in treatment of prostatic carcinoma.

Polyestradiol phosphate is a polymeric ester of estradiol -17 beta and phosphoric acid. The large molecule has very weak estrogenic properties but is a strong inhibitor of several enzymes, e.g. acid and alkaline phosphatases and hyaluronidase. Given by injection it acts as a depot estrogen slowly releasing estradiol during several months. Given to male patients with prostatic carcinoma, it acts as weak inhibitor of gonadotrophins and testicular hormone production. For the treatment of prostatic carcinoma in 105 patients it gave good palliation and over-all survival 38% after five years. In a new series of 126 patients, polyestradiol phosphate was combined with ethinylestradiol. Over-all survival at five years in this group was 62%. It is suggested that polyestradiol phosphate is as effective as other estrogen therapy for prostatic carcinoma and that the combination with ethinylestradiol is superior to the single drug therapy.

Aging↗