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PubMedDate not supplied

[Effect of tuftsin and its analog on learning, memory and exploratory behavior in rats].

On Wistar male rats the influence of tetrapeptide tuftsin and its analogue TP-1 (300 mkg/kg, i/p) on animals behaviour was studied. It is shown that administration of peptides increases the rat's exploratory activity. Activating influence of TP-1 was continued for 6 h. Daily multiple administration of tuftsin or TP-1, 15 min prior to the beginning of experiments facilitates the learning and stability of conditioned reaction with food reinforcement. Experimental animals react significantly weaker than the control ones to emotionally negative influence, produced by a sharp reduction of the amount of alimentary reinforcement control.

Animals↗
PubMed1986

Corticotropin-releasing factor elicits naloxone sensitive stress-like alterations in exploratory behavior in mice.

A multicompartment chamber was used to study the investigatory behavior of mice in a novel environment. Restraint stress, subcutaneous morphine (1.75 mg/kg), and ICV corticotropin-releasing factor (CRF; 75 ng) each produced a decreased mean time per contact with novel stimuli. The effect of all three treatments was antagonized by a dose of naloxone that by itself had no significant behavioral effects (0.7-0.75 mg/kg). Naloxone alone at a higher dose (1.25 mg/kg), increased the mean time per contact with the stimuli. These results confirm previous reports of the effects of opiates and stress on this behavior in rats. The similarity of the effects of CRF and stress on the behavioral response to this chamber supports the possibility that CRF may act in the central nervous system to mediate certain behavioral responses in stress.

Animals↗
PubMed2001

Modification of the effects of benzodiazepines on the exploratory behaviors of mice on a hole-board by diabetes.

The effect of diabetes on the emotional behavior of mice was examined using an automatic hole-board apparatus. Changes in the emotional state of mice were evaluated in terms of changes in exploratory activity; i.e., total locomotor activity, numbers and duration of rearing and head-dipping, and latency to the first head-dipping. The number and duration of head-dipping in diabetic mice were less than those in non-diabetic mice. Diazepam (0.1-0.56 mg/kg, i.p.) dose-dependently increased the number and duration of head-dipping at doses that did not produce sedation in both diabetic and non-diabetic mice. In contrast, methyl-beta-carboline-3-carboxylate (1 and 2 mg/kg, i.p.) decreased the number and duration of head-dipping in non-diabetic mice, but not in diabetic mice. The number and duration of head-dipping in diabetic mice were increased by treatment with flumazenil (0.1 and 0.3 mg/kg, i.v.). These doses of flumazenil did not affect the number or duration of head-dipping in non-diabetic mice. The present data indicate that diabetic mice exhibited anxiety in the hole-board test and that a benzodiazepine receptor antagonist affected the attenuated number and duration of head-dipping in diabetic mice. The heightened anxiety in diabetic mice may be due to the dysfunction of the benzodiazepine receptor and/or of central inhibitory systems.

Animals↗
PubMed1982

[Effect of simultaneous administration of morphine and naloxone on the exploratory behavior of mice].

The authors, after going carefully over the specific bibliography on the matter, report their results relating to exploratory behaviour in mice after simultaneous administration with morphine (1 mg/kg i.p.) and naloxone (0,05 mg/kg i.p.). Exploratory behaviour was evaluated using an automatic recording hole-board, that simultaneously registered the locomotor activity. Morphine and naloxone simultaneously administered produced, at the used doses, a significant statistic decrease in exploratory behaviour, while locomotor activity was unchanged, in comparison with drug-naive subjects. At the end, some possible interpretations are proposed about obtained results.

Animals↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Neonatal clomipramine treatment in the rat does not affect social, sexual and exploratory behaviors in adulthood.

The potential ability of the tricyclic anti-depressant clomipramine to cause an increase in anxiety in adult animals following neonatal treatment with the drug has been investigated; no such anxiogenic actions were found in the social interaction test. Furthermore, the behavior of animals that had received the drug as pups did not differ from that of the controls in open field or holeboard tests, nor in tests of sexual behavior, aggressive and dominance behaviors or passive avoidance learning.

Aggression↗
PubMed1986

Role of hippocampal Met-enkephalin in the genotype-dependent regulation of exploratory behavior in mice.

Intrahippocampal microinjections with anti-Met-enkephalin antiserum enhanced novelty-induced vertically oriented exploratory acts and horizontal locomotor activity in inbred mouse strain DBA/2 and reduced these behaviors in C57BL/6 so that strain differences originally present between the normal serum controls were eliminated after antiserum treatment. These opposite effects suggest that hippocampal Met-enkephalin participates in the genotype-dependent control of mouse exploration.

Animals↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Prenatal 3,4-methylenedioxymethamphetamine (ecstasy) alters exploratory behavior, reduces monoamine metabolism, and increases forebrain tyrosine hydroxylase fiber density of juvenile rats.

3,4-Methylenedioxymethamphetamine (MDMA; ecstasy) use has risen among women of childbearing age. Consequently, there is a substantial risk for fetal exposure from women who are, or become pregnant while abusing MDMA. However, attempts to demonstrate that prenatal MDMA results in neurochemical alterations in rat models have failed. MDMA administration to neonatal rats (third trimester equivalent) results in significant and persistent neurochemical and behavioral alterations, yet human epidemiologic data suggest that the vast majority of prenatal exposure is limited to the first trimester. The following study was conducted to reexamine the potential for prenatal MDMA administration to produce lasting postnatal neurochemical and behavioral alterations using a new rodent model. Pregnant rats were administered twice-daily injections of MDMA (15 mg/kg sc) or saline from embryonic days (E) 14-20. Prenatally exposed pups were examined on postnatal days (P) 3 and 21. At P3, MDMA offspring showed reductions in the dopamine metabolite homovanillic acid which persisted through P21, along with reductions in the serotonin (5-HT) metabolite, 5-HIAA. Prenatally exposed MDMA animals at P21 also had reduced dopamine and 5-HT turnover in the nucleus accumbens. Increases in tyrosine hydroxylase fiber density were found in the frontal cortex, striatum and nucleus accumbens of MDMA animals. In addition, prenatal MDMA significantly increased locomotor activity of P21 pups in a 20-min novel cage environment. These findings provide the first evidence of lasting neurochemical and behavioral alterations following prenatal MDMA. Further investigation is warranted to elucidate possible mechanisms of action and to monitor children gestationally exposed to MDMA.

3,4-Dihydroxyphenylacetic Acid↗
PubMed2005

Stimulation of cell component of the immune response activates exploratory behavior in senescence accelerated OXYS rats.

Suppression of the cell component of the immune system and open-field behavior developing in OXYS rats by the age of 3 months are regarded as manifestations of accelerated aging. Stimulation of cell-mediated immune response with BCG vaccine caused a dose-dependent increase of orientation and exploratory activity of OXYS rats in the open field test to virtually the same level as in Wistar rats.

Aging↗
PubMed1997

Effects of extended electrical kindling on exploratory behavior and spatial learning.

Short-term electrical kindling, a widely used experimental model of epilepsy, appears to have little effect on behavior. The effects of extended kindling are largely unknown. Rats implanted with kindling electrodes in amygdala (AM) or perforant path (PP) received 300 kindling trials over approximately 7 months, and were tested in the Morris watermaze after a 7-10 day recovery period. Kindled animals were impaired during the initial training on hidden-platform acquisition, but not in retention of platform location. No deficits were found in acquiring a new hidden-platform location, latency to reach a visible-platform, or in swim speed. Open-field activity showed a sustained increase when tested during kindling, but only a transient increase when tested following suspension of kindling. Similar results were obtained for both AM and PP kindled animals. Hence, long-term kindling of both of these sites produced behavioral changes that were transient in nature. Further, these results also indicate that propagation of seizure activity from remote sites can alter hippocampally-mediated or related behavior.

Animals↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Low birth weight (LBW) infants' exploratory behavior at 12 and 24 months: effects of intraventricular hemorrhage and mothers' attention directing behaviors.

Medically high-risk (HR), low birth weight (LBW) preterm infants (n = 11) with significant degrees of intraventricular hemorrhage (IVH) were seen at 12 and 24 months of age. This HR group was compared with a low-risk (LR) LBW preterm group (n = 16) with respiratory distress syndrome or mild grades of IVH, and a normal full-term (FT) group (n = 12). Infants and their mothers were observed in a 10-min toy-centered play interaction to determine if more advanced exploratory play occurred in association with specific maternal attention-directing behaviors. Results showed that the FT infants were able to respond with advanced exploratory play to unstructured as well as structured strategies, but that higher level play for the LR infants was associated with structured strategies. The HR infants showed fewer play responses than the other two infant groups regardless of whether mothers used structured or unstructured strategies. All infant groups showed more exploratory play behavior in relation to mothers' maintaining versus redirecting behavior.

Attention↗
PubMed1988

Early undernutrition blocks the effect of naltrexone on rat exploratory behavior.

1. Young rats were undernourished by feeding their dams an 8% protein diet (w/w) from birth until weaning (21 days); the dams of control rats were fed a 20% protein diet (w/w) until weaning. All offspring were fed a 20% protein diet from 21 to 120-150 days of age, when they were tested. 2. The involvement of endogenous opioids in the exploratory activity (rearing response and crossing frequency in a 2-compartment open-field test) was evaluated by examining the effects of a single injection of naltrexone (0.75 mg/kg, ip) 6 min prior to testing. 3. Naltrexone decreased exploratory activity (rearing) by approximately 50% in normal rats but had no effect on undernourished rats. 4. These data provide additional evidence for an alteration in the opioid system of undernourished rats.

Animals↗
PubMed1977

Effects of Aspiculuris tetraptera dn Syphacia obvelata on exploratory behavior of an inbred mouse strain.

Sixty C57BL/6 male mice were treated with an anthelmintic for 2 weeks to free them of pinworms. They were then divided into six groups. Two groups were infected with Aspiculuris tetraptera, two groups with Syphacia obvelata, and two groups were left uninfected as controls. At intervals of 2 and 4 weeks after infection, the mice were tested for exploratory activity in a barriered field apparatus. Following the second test, each mouse was necropsied to determine presence of nematodes and to estimate worm burdens. Statistical analysis showed significant depression of exploratory activity in mice harboring S obvelata. No significant depression was found in those harboring A tetraptera.

Animals↗