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At least 271 records · Page 15Linked to original sources
PubMed1999

Consumer perceptions and concerns about food contaminants.

More consumers are concerned about microbiological hazards than any other area. Pesticide residues generate concern, especially among low income consumers with less formal education. Use of antibiotics and hormones in animal production is considered a serious hazard by fewer consumers. Consumer attitudes are influenced by media coverage. An increasing number of consumers expect food producers and retailers to assume a major role in providing safe food. A majority of consumers express interesting in purchasing irradiated food when specific benefits are described and the percentage increases when irradiation is more fully described. In actual market experiences, irradiated produce and poultry have been well received. Similarly, most consumers are positive toward biotechnology, with greatest support for environmental applications. The scientific community should use the media to reach the public with information identifying risks and protective strategies, including the use of new technology.

Biotechnology↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Mutagenicity and DNA-damaging activity of decomposed products of food colours under UV irradiation.

Five synthetic food colours Food Red Nos 3, 40 and 102 and Food Blue Nos 1 and 2, and their UV irradiated products were tested for mutagenic activity by means of the Ames test using Salmonella typhimurium strains TA98 and TA100. Food colours were irradiated with UV light for 14 days. Food Red Nos 3, 40 and 102 and Food Blue No. 1 were non-mutagenic before and after irradiation. UV irradiated products of Food Blue No. 2 were mutagenic in TA98 with or without S-9 mix. The mutagenic activity increased with increasing irradiation period, reached maximum potency on day 6, and then decreased. Moreover, Food Blue No. 2 showed DNA-damaging activity after 14 days of irradiation in rec-assay using Bacillus subtilis strains H17 and M45. The capillary electrophoresis was applied for the analysis of UV irradiated products of Food Blue No. 2. The original peak of Food Blue No. 2 was decomposed into seven peaks after UV irradiation.

Bacillus subtilis↗
PubMed1975

[Mutagenicity testing of irradiated laboratory animal feed in the 'host-mediated' assay with Salmonella typhimurium G 46].

Food irradiated with 10 MeV-electrons (dose: 4-5 Mrad) was tested for mutagenic effects, using the host-mediated assay. Irradiated 'Altomin' (a pelleted laboratory diet) was fed to mice for 9 to 44 days. After the 30th day of feeding, the animals additionally received irradiated glucose-solution instead of drinking water. Results did not indicate any mutagenic activity of the irradiated diet on the histidine-auxotroph strain of Salmonella typhimurium used in the assay.

Animals↗
PubMed2001

Effects of gamma-irradiated fats on plasma lipid concentrations and hepatic cholesterol metabolism in rats.

Currently, there is a growing need for food irradiation that is effective in food preservation and quality improvement. Accordingly, this study was designed to observe the effects of gamma-irradiated dietary fat on plasma lipid concentrations and hepatic cholesterol metabolism in rats. Male rats were fed 5-kGy-gamma-irradiated beef tallow (gammaBT), corn oil (gammaCO), perilla oil (gammaPO), and nonirradiated fats (BT, CO, and PO) for 6 weeks. The gamma-irradiated fat feeding did not affect the plasma lipid concentrations. However, the hepatic cholesterol content was significantly higher in the rats fed gamma-CO as compared with the rats fed nonirradiated CO (40.0 vs. 28.2 mg/g liver). The hepatic HMG-CoA (3-hydroxy-3-methylglutaryl-coenzyme A) reductase activities were not significantly different between the controls and the gamma-irradiated fat fed groups. However, the hepatic ACAT (acyl-CoA:cholesterol acyltransferase) activity was significantly lower in the gammaPO group as compared with its control group (138.2 vs. 404.5 pmol min(-1) mg(-1)). Among the nonirradiated groups, the ACAT activities of the CO and PO groups were higher than that of the BT group. The amounts of coprostanone, cholesterol, and total fecal neutral sterol were significantly higher in the gammaPO group as compared with the other groups. These results indicate that although slight changes in the lipid metabolism were observed as a result of 5-kGy-gamma-irradiated fat feeding, they were relative to the fat type and had no harmful consequences.

Animals↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Applications of EPR spectroscopy to radiation treated materials in medicine, dosimetry, and agriculture.

Survey is given of the EPR studies on irradiated bone mineral referred to transplantology, physiology, pathology, dosimetry and to the detection of irradiated food. Stability, dose-dependency and nature of radiation-induced EPR signal in bone mineral (hydroxyapatite) are discussed. Paramagnetic centers produced by radiation as "labels" as applied to biomedical experiments and dosimetry are evaluated. Results on the detection of irradiated fruits, vegetables, and other dry food products are presented.

Bone Transplantation↗
PubMed2002

Effects of gamma ray and electron-beam irradiations on survival of anaerobic and facultatively anaerobic bacteria.

An extension of the approval for food irradiation is desired due to the increase in the incidence of food poisoning in the world. One anaerobic (Clostridium perfringens) and four facultatively anaerobic (Bacillus cereus, Escherichia coli O157:H7, Listeria monocytogenes, and Salmonella Enteritidis) bacteria irradiated with gamma ray or electron beam (E-beam) were tested in terms of survival on agar under packaging atmosphere. Using pouch pack, effects of two irradiations on survival of anaerobic and facultatively anaerobic bacteria were evaluated comparatively. E-beam irradiation was more effective than gamma ray irradiation in decreasing the D10 value of B. cereus at 4 degrees C, slightly more effective in that of E. coli O157, and similarly effective in that of the other three bacteria at 4 degrees C. The gamma irradiation of the bacteria without incubation at 4 degrees C before irradiation was more effective than that of the bacteria with incubation overnight at 4 degrees C before irradiation in decreasing the D10 values of these bacteria (B. cereus, E. coli O157, and L. monocytogenes). Furthermore, ground beef patties inoculated with bacteria were irradiated with 1 kGy by E-beam (5 MeV) at 4 degrees C. The inoculated bacteria in the 1-9 mm beef patties were killed by 1 kGy E-beam irradiation and some bacteria in more than 9 mm beef patties were not killed by the irradiation.

Bacteria, Aerobic↗
PubMed2004

2-Dodecylcyclobutanone does not induce mutations in the Salmonella mutagenicity test or intrachromosomal recombination in Saccharomyces cerevisiae.

Treatment of foods, such as red meat and poultry, that contain palmitic acid with ionizing radiation leads to the formation of 2-dodecylcyclobutanone (2-DCB), a compound found only in irradiated foods. In this study, the Salmonella mutagenicity test and the yeast DEL assay were used to evaluate the genotoxic potential of 2-DCB. Salmonella Typhimurium tester strains TA98, TA100, TA1535, and TA1537 were exposed to 0, 0.125, 0.25, 0.5, and 1 mg per well of 2-DCB, with and without exogenous metabolic activation (5% S9 fraction), using the microtiter plate-based Miniscreen version of the test. 2-DCB did not induce mutations in the Salmonella mutagenicity test. When Saccharomyces cerevisiae strain RS112, which contains a nonfunctional duplication of the his3 gene that can be induced to form a functional HIS3+ gene by intrachromosomal recombination, was exposed to 0.63, 1.25, 2.5, or 5.0 mg/ml of 2-DCB, no increase in the rate of intrachromosomal (DEL) recombination was observed. The absence of genotoxicity observed in this study using purified 2-DCB agrees with the lack of genotoxic and teratogenic activity observed in previously conducted multigeneration feeding studies of laboratory animals (rats, mice, guinea pigs, and rabbits) that used radiation-sterilized poultry that contained 2-DCB as a unique radiolytic product.

Animals↗