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Results for “Fetal Alcohol Spectrum Disorders”

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PubMed1983

[The incomplete fetal alcohol syndrome].

In contrast to the wellknown picture of the "fetal alcohol syndrome" (FAS), clinical symptoms of the incomplete FAS are less frequently recognized compared to the high incidence of the syndrome as stated in the literature. The diagnostic problem is a clear differentiation between mild forms of the incomplete FAS and clinical normality. Post-natal growth deficiency and microcephaly of unknown aetiology, clinical symptoms of hyperactivity, learning disabilities or mild mental retardation are the main features of the incomplete FAS. The diagnosis is established only by a positive history of maternal alcohol abuse.

Child↗
PubMed1983

[Various neurochemical mechanisms of growth of cerebral dysontogeneses].

The development and preservation of conditioned reflexes of passive and active avoidance, behaviour in "the open field", as well as the sensitivity to spasmodic agents were investigated in rats that had suffered acute intrauterine hypoxia, perinatal asphyxia, and exposure to ethanol in the antenatal period. The findings obtained were correlated with the parameters of protein biosynthesis which were considerably altered in some brain structures of the experimental animals. It is suggested that disturbances in protein metabolism in the central nervous system play an important role in the development of long-term manifestations of the deleterious action of pathogenic factors on the developing brain in the antenatal period.

Animals↗
PubMed1983

Patterns of alcohol consumption and fetal development.

Effects of heavy, moderate, and rare alcohol consumption on fetal development were analyzed in a prospective study of 469 mother-infant pairs. Differential effects of heavy drinking in early and late gestation were evaluated by separate analysis of neonates born to women who reduced consumption before the third trimester. Using chi 2 analysis, multiple regression, and matched sets, statistically significant associations (P less than .01) were observed between sustained heavy drinking and both intrauterine growth retardation and congenital anomalies. These associations were independent of eight other risk factors. No differences were observed between offspring of rare and moderate drinkers. Infants born to women who reduced heavy drinking did not differ in growth from offspring of rare and moderate drinkers but demonstrated a higher frequency of abnormalities. Sustained heavy drinking represents a major risk; reduction in midpregnancy can benefit the newborn. Identification and therapy of heavy drinking are important components of prenatal care.

Abnormalities, Drug-Induced↗
PubMed1983

Prenatal loss in the rat following moderate consumption of alcohol incorporated in a liquid diet.

The teratogenic potential of alcohol in humans has now been confirmed, and a characteristic pattern of anomalies (Fetal Alcohol Syndrome) is found in infants born to mothers who are chronic alcoholics. The pathogenesis of the fetal alcohol syndrome is unclear: very little is known about the way alcohol acts during pregnancy and alters fetal growth and morphogenesis. The objective of this investigation was to determine the effects of a widely used ethanol liquid diet in the pregnant rat. The ethanol liquid test diet is based on the Lieber-De Carli formula. 20 Sprague-Dawley rats were matched closely by weights and assigned in pairs to either an alcohol treated or a pair-fed control group. Control animals received the same amount of the liquid diet with maltose-dextrins substituted isocalorically for the ethanol. Graduated tubes were used for the oral delivery of the diets. Ethanol was gradually introduced into the diet as follows: 100 Kcal/l, days 1-2; 200 Kcal/l, days 3-5; 350 Kcal/l, days 6-12. Following this initial treatment period, all animals were then given rodent pellets and tap water ad libitum. The mothers showed no overt signs of gross toxicity. The mean maternal weight gain of the ethanol treated animals did not differ significantly from the controls. The incidence of fetal resorptions was increased, intrauterine growth was not affected and the offspring at term appeared normal. The results indicate that moderate alcohol consumption during early gestation in the rat led to significant prenatal loss but proved to be non-teratogenic.

Abnormalities, Drug-Induced↗
PubMed1982

Fetal alcohol syndrome: inhibition of placental zinc transport as a potential mechanism for fetal growth retardation in the rat.

Growth retardation is one of the principal features of fetal alcohol syndrome. The cause of this growth retardation is unknown. Because of the clinical similarities between fetal alcohol syndrome and prenatal zinc deficiency, we studied in vivo the effect of short-term and long-term ethanol ingestion during pregnancy on placental transport of zinc in pair-fed rats. Our results indicate that both short- and long-term ethanol depressed zinc-65 uptake in the placenta and fetus by 40% and 30%, respectively, compared to pair-fed controls (p less than 0.05). Total zinc concentration in fetuses of the long-term ethanol group was significantly decreased compared to pair-fed controls (p less than 0.05). Although the mechanism of action of ethanol in producing the fetal alcohol syndrome maybe multiple, our findings suggest that a decrease in the availability of zinc to the fetus may represent one of the contributory factors in the growth retardation of fetal alcohol syndrome.

Alcohol Drinking↗
PubMed1981

Epidemiologic and experimental studies in drinking and pregnancy: the state of the art.

Epidemiologic and experimental studies of the consequences of maternal drinking during pregnancy confirm reports that alcohol in high doses is teratogenic. Alcohol consumed in lower doses has been correlated with intrauterine growth retardation, increased risk of anomalies, behavioral decrements in infants and children, and increased risk of fetal wastage. While evidence linking these effects to moderate levels of alcohol use is growing, there is little agreement on the actual dose at which risks begin, due to the questionable validity of self-reported consumption. Many of the subtle effects correlated with lower amounts of alcohol--growth retardation, minor anomalies, and behavioral alterations--are the same effects that occur in severe degree with high amounts. Thus a dose-response curve may be emerging, although its existence must be substantiated by further studies.

Abnormalities, Drug-Induced↗
PubMed1981

Drinks anyone?

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Abortion, Spontaneous↗