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At least 271 records · Page 15Linked to original sources
PubMed2004

Studies on interactions between functional foods or dietary supplements and medicines. IV. Effects of ginkgo biloba leaf extract on the pharmacokinetics and pharmacodynamics of nifedipine in healthy volunteers.

The effects of Ginkgo biloba leaf extract (GBE), a widely used herbal dietary supplement in Japan, on the pharmacokinetics and pharmacodynamics of nifedipine (NFP), a calcium-channel blocker, were studied using 8 healthy volunteers. Simultaneous oral ingestion of GBE (240 mg) did not significantly affect any of the mean pharmacokinetic parameters of either NFP or dehydronifedipine, a major metabolite of NFP, after oral administration of NFP (10 mg). However, the maximal plasma NFP concentrations in 2 subjects were approximately doubled by GBE, and they had severer and longer-lasting headaches with GBE than without GBE, with dizziness or hot flushes in combination with GBE. The mean heart rate after oral administration of NFP with GBE tended to be faster than that without GBE at every time point. Accordingly, it was concluded that GBE and NFP should not be simultaneously ingested as much as possible, and careful monitoring is needed when administering NFP concomitantly with GBE to humans.

Administration, Oral↗
PubMed2004

Studies on interactions between functional foods or dietary supplements and medicines. III. Effects of ginkgo biloba leaf extract on the pharmacokinetics of nifedipine in rats.

The effects of Ginkgo biloba leaf extract (GBE), one of the most widely used herbal dietary supplements in Japan and the United States, on the pharmacokinetics of nifedipine (NFP), a typical probe of P450 (CYP) 3A, but not a substrate of the multidrug transporter P-glycoprotein (P-gp), were studied using rats. Simultaneous oral treatment with GBE (20 mg/kg) did not affect the pharmacokinetics after intravenous administration of NFP (2.5 mg/kg). However, the maximal plasma NFP concentration, the area under the concentration-time curve and absolute bioavailability after oral administration of NFP (5 mg/kg) were significantly increased by simultaneous oral treatment with GBE, approximately 1.6-fold, 1.6-fold and 2.1-fold, respectively. These results suggest that the concomitant oral use of GBE appeared to reduce the first-pass metabolism of orally administered NFP, by inhibiting CYP3A, possibly but not P-gp, in rats.

Administration, Oral↗
PubMed2005

Approach to novel functional foods for stress control 2. Microarray assessment of exercise in healthy volunteers.

DNA microarray was used to measure stress response by exercise in peripheral blood leukocytes. Aerobic exercise did not alter mRNA pattern or urinary secretion of 8-hydroxy-2'-deoxyguanosine (8-OHdG). Strenuous exercise increased urinary secretion of 8-OHdG and altered mRNA pattern in microarray. These results suggest that moderate exercise, i. e. aerobic exercise, did not show any change in 8-OHdG, an oxidative stress marker, or mRNA expression in the leukocytes, which might reflect whole body neurohormanal changes. In addition, strenuous exercise produced quite different expression pattern from those of psychological stress.

8-Hydroxy-2'-Deoxyguanosine↗
PubMed2005

Approach to novel functional foods for stress control 3. Establishment of stress-resistant rat model and its mechanism.

A stress-resistant rat model was introduced. SPORTS (Spontaneously-Running-Tokushima-Shikoku) rats showed significantly shorter time of immobility in the forced swim test compared to control Wister rats. Increase norepinephrine concentration secondary to decreased activity of monoamine oxidase A (MAOA) in hippocampus was observed in this model rats. This model rats are considered to be useful for studying the mechanism of psychological stress.

Animals↗
PubMed2005

Approach to novel functional foods for stress control 4. Regulation of serotonin transporter by food factors.

Serotonin transporters (SERTs) are pre-synaptic proteins specialized for the clearance of serotonin following vesicular release at central nervous system (CNS) and enteric nervous system synapses. SERTs are high affinity targets in vivo for antidepressants such as serotonin selective reuptake inhibitors (SSRIs). These include 'medical' psychopharmacological agents such as analgesics and antihistamines, a plant extract called St John's Wort (Hypericum). Osteoclasts are the primary cells responsible for bone resorption. They arise by the differentiation of osteoclast precursors of the monocyte/macrophage lineage. The expression of SERTs was increased in RANKL-induced osteoclast-like cells. Using RANKL stimulation of RAW264.7 cells as a model system for osteoclast differentiation, we studied the direct effects of food factor on serotonin uptake. The SSRIs (fluoxetine and fluvoxamine) inhibited markedly (approximately 95%) in serotonin transport in differentiated osteoclast cells. The major components of St. John's Wort, hyperforin and hypericine were significantly decreased in serotonin transport activity. Thus, a new in vitro model using RANKL-induced osteoclast-like cells may be useful to analyze the regulation of SERT by food factors and SSRIs.

Animals↗
PubMed2005

Approach to novel functional foods for stress control 5. Antioxidant activity profiles of antidepressant herbs and their active components.

Oxidative stress is frequently mentioned in relation to the neurodegenerative diseases. This study examined the effect of three herb extracts, Hypericum perforatum, Ginkgo biloba L. and Apocynum venetum L., and their components on lipid hydroperoxide-induced oxidative stress in PC-12 cells. Among them, the extract of Apocynum venetum and its components showed the remarkable inhibitory effect, indicating that this herb extract serves as a protective agent against lipid peroxidation-related oxidative stress in CNS. Oxidative stress may be associated with the progress of depression, as this extract has been proposed to be an effective antidepresant herb.

Animals↗
PubMed2004

Interactions between medicines and functional foods or dietary supplements.

Recently, the demand for supplements has steadily been increasing with the diffusion of alternative and supplemental medicines throughout the world. Therefore, the supplements have frequently been taken with many drugs. Here, we have introduced the pharmacokinetic and pharmacological interactions between them.

Dietary Supplements↗
PubMed1999

New functional foods in the treatment of food allergy.

Over the last two decades atopic diseases have increased in prevalence and severity in the industrialized countries. Food allergy is frequently the first manifestation of these disorders. Currently food allergy is mainly treated with elimination diets. However, this approach to control allergic inflammation by empirical elimination diets has not proved totally satisfactory. Applying therapeutic elimination diets in clinically documented allergy to a specific food has been shown to alleviate symptoms and reverse some disturbances of humoral and cell-mediated immune response. These diets are, however, associated with the risk of inadequate nutrition in infants with allergies to foods of vital importance. New approaches to the management of food allergy, such as for example immunotherapy for counteracting the hypersensitivity process and for potentiating the gut barrier mechanisms, are therefore needed. Diet remains an important element in this approach as sensitization to dietary antigens is frequently transient and is reversed to antigen-specific hyporesponsiveness. However, it represents an initial link in the development of more permanent sensitization to aeroallergens.

Antibody Formation↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Bringing a probiotic-containing functional food to the market: microbiological, product, regulatory and labeling issues.

Properly formulated probiotic-containing foods offer consumers a low risk, low cost dietary component that has the potential to promote health in a variety of ways. Several such products are available commercially, although markets in Japan and Europe are more developed than in the USA. Once healthful attributes of a probiotic product have been identified, there remain microbiological, product, regulatory and labeling issues to be addressed prior to marketing. Microbiological and product issues include safety, effective scale-up for manufacturing, definition of probiotic activity, probiotic stability in the product over the course of product manufacture, shelf-life and consumption, definition of effective dose and target population(s), and development of quality assurance approaches. Examples of probiotic-containing foods are given. Regulatory and labeling issues are complicated because they differ for each country, but are likewise critical because they provide the means for communication of the product benefits to the consumer. The regulatory climate worldwide appears to be one of caution about overstating the benefits of such products but at the same time not preventing corporate commitment to marketing.

Bifidobacterium↗