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Results for “GASTROINTESTINAL MOTILITY”

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At least 271 records · Page 15Linked to original sources
PubMed2002

Involvement of cholecystokinin receptor in the inhibition of gastrointestinal motility by estradiol in ovariectomized rats.

BACKGROUND: The effects of estradiol benzoate (EB) on gastric emptying, gastrointestinal transit and plasma levels of cholecystokinin (CCK) were studied in ovariectomized rats. METHODS: Gastrointestinal motility was assessed in rats 15 min after intragastric instillation of a test meal containing charcoal and Na2 51CrO4. Gastric emptying was determined by measuring the amount of radiolabeled chromium contained in the small intestine as a percentage of the initial amount received. Gastrointestinal transit was evaluated by calculating the geometric center of distribution of the radiolabeled marker. Blood samples were collected for E2 and CCK radioimmunoassay. RESULTS: After treatment of EB (4-25 microg/kg), gastric emptying and gastrointestinal transit were inhibited, whereas plasma concentrations of E2 and CCK were increased in a dose-dependent manner. The selective CCK(A) receptor antagonists, devazepide and lorglumide, effectively attenuated the EB-induced inhibition of gastric emptying and gastrointestinal transit. L-365,260, a selective CCK(B) receptor antagonist, did not alter the EB-induced inhibition of gastric emptying and gastrointestinal transit. CONCLUSIONS: The results suggest that EB inhibits gastric emptying and gastrointestinal transit in ovariectomized rats via a mechanism involving CCK stimulation and CCK(A) receptor activation.

Animals↗
PubMed1982

The utility of cellulose meals for studies on gastrointestinal motility in dogs.

This study evaluated the effect of a cellulose meal and a cellulose-oleic acid meal on gastroduodenal motility and gastric emptying. The cellulose meal produced a high antral motility index (100 +/- 34 V/10 min) and a high proportion (80.2%) of propulsive duodenal contractions. The oleic acid meal was associated with a significantly lower antral motility index (70 +/- 34 V/10 min), a high proportion (78.7%) of segmental duodenal contractions, and a reduced emptying rate (half time 93 +/- 18 versus 30 +/- 7 min). Results indicate that the inert cellulose meal is advantageous in studying the effects of different nutrients on gastrointestinal motility.

Animals↗
PubMed2000

Gastrointestinal motility during pregnancy: role of nitrergic component of NANC nerves.

This study evaluated whether increased release of nitric oxide (NO) from the nitrergic component of the nonadrenergic, noncholinergic (NANC) nerves may be partly responsible for the decrease in gastrointestinal motility observed during pregnancy. Segments of fundal strip, ileum, and colon were obtained from nonpregnant rats, rats in midpregnancy (days 9-11), and rats in late pregnancy (days 18-20). NANC activity was studied by assessing changes in tone after application of electric field stimulation (EFS). The role of NO was determined by observing the effects of EFS in the presence and absence of the NO synthase (NOS) inhibitor N(G)-nitro-L-arginine methyl ester (L-NAME) and the reversibility of the effects of L-NAME by L-arginine. The magnitude of change in cGMP levels in the tissues after application of EFS was also assessed. Our studies indicate that there was increased magnitude of relaxation of isolated strips of rat gastric fundus and rat colon, after application of EFS to tissues obtained only from animals in late pregnancy. These results paralleled the changes in cGMP levels in tissues. NOS activity in the gastric fundus was significantly increased in animals in late pregnancy compared with nonpregnant controls. Our studies suggest that the delay in gastric emptying and increase in colonic transit time observed in rats during pregnancy may be caused in part by increased activity of the nitrergic component of the NANC nerves innervating these organs.

Acetylcholine↗
PubMed1987

Effects of nutrients on gastrointestinal motility and gastric emptying after distal gastrectomy with Roux-Y gastrojejunostomy in dogs.

The aim of the study was to clarify whether nutrients are still capable of slowing gastric emptying following Roux-Y gastrectomy, as in normal dogs. Gastrointestinal motility and gastric emptying of acaloric and nutritive meals with different viscosities were measured in normal dogs and after a two-thirds Roux-Y gastrectomy. In gastrectomized dogs low-viscosity nutritive meals emptied unduly rapidly in an initial phase, although the frequency and spread of contractions, ie, the propulsive activity of the jejunal Roux limb were diminished. A slow emptying rate during the following period was due to a long-lasting inhibition of gastric and jejunal motility. Medium-viscosity nutritive meals emptied in gastrectomized dogs as slowly as in normal animals, but this effect was primarily caused by the meal viscosity and only secondarily by the nutrients. It is concluded that following Roux-Y gastrectomy a regulation of gastric emptying is preserved; however, the onset of an effective control is delayed, resulting in a rapid initial emptying of low-viscosity meals.

Animals↗
PubMed2004

A comparative study of the effects of electroacupuncture and moxibustion in the gastrointestinal motility of the rat.

We compared the outcomes of the stimulation of specific sets of acupoints with either acupuncture or moxibustion over peristalsis. Twenty-five plastic beads were orally administered in the stomach of the rats and 90 min later animals were sacrificed, the stomach and small intestine were opened, and the number of beads remaining in each segment was counted. Forty rats were immobilized for 20 min and stimulated at either abdominal or hindlimbs acupoints, with either electroacupuncture or moxibustion. Under this restraint (stress) condition electroacupuncture at hindlimb points or moxibustion at abdominal points significantly enhanced gastric emptying (P < 0.02) as well as intestinal motility compared with animals subjected only to immobilization and not stimulated with electroacupuncture or moxibustion. We conclude that the effects of different acupoints and modes of stimulation (electrical vs. moxibustion) over gastrointestinal motility in rats subjected to restraint-induced stress is not uniform and discuss the different neural pathways underlying these differences.

Analysis of Variance↗
PubMed1988

Effect of nifedipine on gastric emptying and gastrointestinal motility in man.

Nifedipine, a calcium-blocking agent, inhibits smooth muscle contractions in various organs including gastric muscle in vitro. Despite this, nifedipine has been found to have no effect on gastric emptying in man. We have investigated the effect of nifedipine on gastric emptying of liquids and solids and on gastrointestinal motility in six healthy subjects. For this, isotopic techniques and manometric methods were used. We confirm that nifedipine 30 mg per os does not modify gastric emptying of liquids or solids. By contrast, antral motility was significantly inhibited (P less than 0.05) and duodenal motility increased. These results could be interpreted as (1) gastroduodenal motility changes are not severe enough to alter emptying or (2) isotopic techniques are not sensitive enough to detect subtle changes in gastric emptying.

Adult↗
PubMed1990

Effects of fedotozine on gastrointestinal motility in dogs: mechanism of action and related pharmacokinetics.

The effects of fedotozine, (+)-(1R)-1-phenyl-1-[(3,4,5-trimethoxy)benzyloxymethyl]-N,N-dim eth yl- n-propylamine, on motility of the antrum and small intestine were investigated in dog. In fasted dogs, following i.v. administration, fedotozine at 1 and 2 mg kg-1 stimulated and at 5 mg kg-1 inhibited antral motility. Between 1 to 5 mg kg-1, fedotozine exhibited a sustained and potent stimulatory effect on the small intestine inducing 1 to 4 phases III of the migrating motor complex (MMC) lasting up to 32 min in the duodenum and migrating to the jejunum. Following oral administration, fedotozine at 2.5 and 5 mg kg-1 constantly stimulated both antrum and small intestinal motility. In fed dogs, fedotozine i.v. (2 mg kg-1) increased antral motility and induced phase III of MMC in the place of postprandial pattern. Naloxone (0.3 mg kg-1 i.v.) and naloxone methylbromide (2 mg kg-1 i.v.) inhibited the stimulatory effects of fedotozine on gastrointestinal motility indicating a peripheral opiate site of action of the drug whereas phentolamine, hexamethonium, propranolol and methysergide were inactive. In-vitro fedotozine showed submicromolar affinity for opiate receptors with a weak specificity for the mu-receptors in guinea-pig brain and myenteric plexus preparations. Plasma concentrations in dogs receiving fedotozine administered orally at 2.5 mg kg-1 (and in all dogs except one at 5 mg kg-1) were below the detection limit (less than 20 ng g-1). In contrast, tissue concentrations in the muscle and mucosal layers of the gut were above 1 microgram g-1.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

Administration, Oral↗
PubMed2003

Effect of a novel 5-HT3 receptor agonist MKC-733 on upper gastrointestinal motility in humans.

BACKGROUND: Although 5-HT3 antagonists have been used to treat chemotherapy-induced emesis and diarrhoea-predominant irritable bowel syndrome, the effects of 5-HT3 agonists in humans are unknown. AIM: To determine the effect of MKC-733, a selective 5-HT3 receptor agonist, on upper gastrointestinal motility. METHODS: Oral MKC-733 (0.2, 1 and 4 mg) was compared with placebo in three randomized, double-blind, cross-over studies in healthy males. Antroduodenal manometry was recorded for 8 h during fasting and 3 h post-prandially (n = 12). Gastric emptying and small intestinal transit were determined by gamma-scintigraphy (n = 16). Gastric emptying, accommodation and antral motility were determined by echoplanar magnetic resonance imaging (n = 12). RESULTS: MKC-733 (4 mg) increased the number of migrating motor complexes recorded in the antrum and duodenum (P < 0.001), but had no effect on post-prandial motility. MKC-733 delayed scintigraphically assessed liquid gastric emptying (P = 0.005) and accelerated small intestinal transit (P = 0.038). Echoplanar magnetic resonance imaging confirmed the delayed gastric emptying (P < 0.001) and demonstrated a significant increase in cross-sectional area of the proximal stomach (P < 0.01). CONCLUSIONS: MKC-733 delays liquid gastric emptying in association with relaxation of the proximal stomach, stimulates fasting antroduodenal migrating motor complex activity and accelerates small intestinal transit.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1993

Effect of preoperative suggestion on postoperative gastrointestinal motility.

Autonomic behavior is subject to direct suggestion. We found that patients undergoing major operations benefit more from instruction than from information and reassurance. We compared the return of intestinal function after intra-abdominal operations in 2 groups of patients: the suggestion group received specific instructions for the early return of gastrointestinal motility, and the control group received an equal-length interview offering reassurance and nonspecific instructions. The suggestion group had a significantly shorter average time to the return of intestinal motility, 2.6 versus 4.1 days. Time to discharge was 6.5 versus 8.1 days. Covariates including duration of operation, amount of intraoperative bowel manipulation, and amount of postoperative narcotics were also examined using the statistical model analysis of covariance. An average savings of $1,200 per patient resulted from this simple 5-minute intervention. In summary, the use of specific physiologically active suggestions given preoperatively in a beleivable manner can reduce the morbidity associated with an intra-abdominal operation by reducing the duration of ileus.

Adolescent↗