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Results for “Genetic correlation”

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At least 271 records · Page 15Linked to original sources
PubMed1998

Molecular genetic correlates of p16, cdk4, and pRb immunohistochemistry in glioblastomas.

The vast majority of glioblastomas have CDKN2A, CDK4, or RB gene alterations that perturb the p16-cdk4-pRb cell cycle regulatory cascade. To explore whether immunohistochemical methods provide an alternative means of assessing this pathway, we studied 25 glioblastomas using a combination of molecular genetic and immunohistochemical assays. Homozygous deletion of the CDKN2A gene was detected in 12 of 25 (48%) cases, CDK4 amplification in 4 of 25 (16%) tumors, and loss of heterozygosity at the RB gene in 8 of 22 (36%) informative cases. Five of 25 (20%) glioblastomas had diffuse p16 immunohistochemical positivity. Significantly, all of these had either CDK4 amplification or RB LOH, suggesting that p16 immunopositivity only occurs in those tumors with alterations of another component in the pathway. Nineteen (76%) cases were uniformly immunonegative for p16, and 12 (48%) had CDKN2A homozygous deletions, but the remaining 7 cases lacked CDKN2A deletions, mutations and promoter methylation. All glioblastomas stained diffusely for cdk4, irrespective of CDK4 gene amplification status. Extensive pRb staining was present in most cases that maintained both RB alleles, and absent in most cases with RB loss, but there were notable discrepancies. Thus, p16 and pRb immunohistochemistry cannot replace molecular genetic analysis of this critical regulatory cascade; instead, the combined results hint at complex regulation of this cell cycle checkpoint. From a practical point of view, although p16 immunonegativity does not necessarily indicate CDKN2A deletion, diffuse positive p16 immunostaining strongly suggests either CDK4 amplification or RB loss and excludes CDKN2A deletion.

Brain↗
PubMed1992

[Genetic correlation between the arterial pressure response during emotional stress and the alpha1-adrenoreceptor concentration in brain regions].

Arterial blood pressure reactivity to the emotional stress and brain alpha 1-adrenoreceptors concentrations were studied in hypertensive (ISIAH strain) and normotensive (Wistar strain) rats and their F1 and F2 hybrids. Significant correlations between the stress-induced increase in the arterial blood pressure and the amount of alpha 1-adrenoreceptors in hypothalamus (+0.46) and medulla (+0.38) were found in the F2. This cosegregation may point to the significant role of genetically determined peculiarities of expression of alpha 1-adrenoreceptors in brain regions during pathogenesis of arterial hypertension in the ISIAH strain.

Animals↗
PubMed2002

Histopathological-molecular genetic correlations in referral pathologist-diagnosed low-grade "oligodendroglioma".

Allelic loss of chromosome 1p predicts increased chemosensitivity and better survival in oligodendroglial tumors. Clinical testing for 1p loss in oligodendroglial tumors at our hospital has allowed us to postulate that certain histological appearances are associated with 1p allelic status. Forty-four cases received for genetic testing were diagnosed by referring pathologists as pure low-grade oligodendroglioma. Central neuropathological review divided the series equally into 22 cases with classical oligodendroglioma histology and 22 with more astrocytic features. Molecular genetic analyses demonstrated 1p loss in 19 of 22 classic oligodendrogliomas (86%) and maintenance of both 1p alleles in 16 of 22 gliomas with astrocytic features (73%). No glial fibrillary acidic protein-positive cell type (gliofibrillary oligodendrocyte, minigemistocyte, cellular processes) was associated with 1p allelic status. Fourteen of the 44 cases were treated with chemotherapy at tumor progression: 3 "astrocytic" gliomas with 1p loss responded to PCV chemotherapy and 2 classic oligodendrogliomas that maintained both 1p alleles included a responder and a non-responder. These results suggest that histological appearance correctly predicts genotype in approximately 80% of low-grade gliomas, but that tumor genotype more closely predicts chemosensitivity. As a result, such objective molecular genetic analyses should be incorporated into patient management and into clinical trials of low-grade diffuse gliomas.

Antineoplastic Combined Chemotherapy Protocols↗
PubMed1991

A genetic-correlational study of hippocampal neurochemical variation and variation in exploratory activities of mice.

Previously, we have demonstrated that hippocampal mossy fibers, containing the opioid peptide dynorphin B, are functionally connected with the gene-dependent exploratory behavior of mice. In order to seek further evidence of causal relationships between dynorphin B action and exploration, a quantitative-genetic method was chosen. For this purpose, mice from the inbred strains C57BL/6, DBA/2, BLN, and CPB-K were used. By means of radioimmunoassay, the hippocampal level of dynorphin B was monitored in mice that had been exposed to environmental novelty, as compared to naive animals. Clear evidence was obtained that novelty induces the release of hippocampal dynorphin B. Furthermore, low tissue content was found to be causally connected with high exploratory scores.

Animals↗
PubMed1992

Correlating genetic variation in carbon isotopic composition with complex climatic gradients.

Genetic variation in both carbon isotope discrimination and the proportions of leaf and photosynthetic twig tissues were observed in ecotypes of Hymenoclea salsola T.G., a common shrub in the deserts of the western United States, when grown under common garden conditions. These variations were correlated with climatic conditions in the habitats of origin through a model that described the leaf-to-air water vapor gradients experienced by plants during the growing season. Both carbon isotope discrimination and the proportion of leaves in the canopy were lower in plants derived from habitats with higher leaf-to-air vapor gradients, despite the fact that some of these sites received relatively high amounts of annual precipitation. These patterns were consistent with the notion that plants are able to maintain substantial control of water-use efficiency over large environmental gradients of temperature and moisture availability.

Carbon↗
PubMed2006

Epidemiological and genetic correlates of severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus infection in the hospital with the highest nosocomial infection rate in Taiwan in 2003.

Taiwan experienced a series of outbreaks of nosocomial severe acute respiratory syndrome (SARS) infections in 2003. Two months after the final outbreak, we recruited 658 employees from the hospital that suffered the first and most severe SARS infections to help us investigate epidemiological and genetic factors associated with the SARS coronavirus (SARS-CoV). SARS-CoV infections were detected by using enzyme immunoassays and confirmed by a combination of Western blot assays, neutralizing antibody tests, and commercial SARS tests. Risk factors were analyzed via questionnaire responses and sequence-specific oligonucleotide probes of human leukocyte antigen (HLA) alleles. Our results indicate that 3% (20/658) of the study participants were seropositive, with one female nurse identified as a subclinical case. Identified SARS-CoV infection risk factors include working in the same building as the hospital's emergency room and infection ward, providing direct care to SARS patients, and carrying a Cw*0801 HLA allele. The odds ratio for contracting a SARS-CoV infection among persons with either a homozygous or a heterozygous Cw*0801 genotype was 4.4 (95% confidence interval, 1.5 to 12.9; P = 0.007).

Adult↗
PubMed1976

Genetic correlates and sex differences in Holtzman Inkblot Technique responses of twins.

Holtzman Inkblot Technique (HIT) responses of 36 monozygotic (MZ), 18 dizygotic same-sex (DZ-S) and 29 dizygotic opposite-sex (DZ-O) college student twin pairs were analyzed. MZ group twins were significantly more alike across a variety of HIT response dimensions than DZ-S or DZ-O group twins. The following variables indicated a possible significant genetic contribution to response determination: Movement, Abstract Content, Hostility, Pathognomic Verbalization and Popular Responses. DZ-O groups data (representing a high degree of control for environmental influences) indicated significant sex differences on the following variables: M less than F -- Rejection, Form Appropriateness, Anatomical Content, and Balance; F less than M -- Human Content and Popular. The results are discussed in terms of (a) comparable genetic determination studies with Rorschach responses and (b) the necessity for separate male and female norms on several HIT scored response scales.

Adult↗
PubMedDate not supplied

The evolution of alternative reproductive strategies: fitness differential, heritability, and genetic correlation between the sexes.

Paternity analyses using molecular markers have become standard in studies of mating systems, parentage, and kinship. In systems where individuals exhibit alternative mating strategies, molecular analyses have been productively used to estimate the reproductive success of each behavioral type and hence the fitness consequences to each individual. Here we review the fitness results in a system of five alternative mating strategies present in one population of side-blotched lizards (Uta stansburiana). Males in this population adopt one of three behavioral strategies that differ in their degree of territoriality and mate guarding. In contrast, females adopt one of two strategies that differ in offspring quantity and quality. We use paternity analyses to estimate the fitness of each morph, the heritability of reproductive strategy, and the correlation in strategy between the sexes and discuss the implications of our findings for the evolution and maintenance of reproductive polymorphism in this and other systems.

Animals↗
PubMed2003

Melanocytic colonization of a meningothelial meningioma: histopathological and ultrastructural findings with immunohistochemical and genetic correlation: case report.

OBJECTIVE AND IMPORTANCE: Melanocytic colonization of nonpigmented extracranial tumors has been reported in adenocarcinomas, squamous cell carcinomas, skin appendage tumors, and dermatofibrosarcoma protuberans. To our knowledge, melanocytic colonization of a meningioma has not previously been described. CLINICAL PRESENTATION: We report an unusual case of a 70-year-old African-American woman who presented with a large frontoparietal meningioma that extended through the calvarium. INTERVENTION: Craniotomy with gross total resection of the tumor was performed. Histochemistry, immunocytochemistry, ultrastructural analysis, and molecular genetic study via fluorescence in situ hybridization confirmed melanocytic colonization of a meningothelial meningioma. CONCLUSION: With the inclusion of meningothelial meningioma, the spectrum of tumors affected by melanocytic colonization continues to expand.

Aged↗
PubMed2005

Personality subtyping and bulimia nervosa: psychopathological and genetic correlates.

BACKGROUND: There is empirical evidence suggesting that individuals with bulimia nervosa vary considerably in terms of psychiatric co-morbidity and personality functioning. In this study, latent profile analysis was used to attempt to identify clusters of bulimic subjects based on psychiatric co-morbidity and personality. METHOD: A total of 178 women with bulimia nervosa or a subclinical variant of bulimia nervosa completed a series of self-report inventories of co-morbid psychopathology and personality, and also provided a buccal smear sample for genetic analyses. RESULTS: Three clusters of bulimic women were identified: an affective-perfectionistic cluster, an impulsive cluster, and a low co-morbid psychopathology cluster. The clusters showed expected differences on external validation tests with both personality and eating-disorder measures. The impulsive cluster showed the highest elevations on dissocial behavior and the lowest scores on compulsivity, while the affective-perfectionistic cluster showed the highest levels of eating-disorder symptoms. The clusters did not differ on genetic variations of the serotonin transporter gene. CONCLUSIONS: This study corroborates previous findings suggesting that the bulimia nervosa diagnostic category is comprised of three classes of individuals based on co-morbid psychopathology and personality. These differences may have significant etiological and treatment implications.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1983

Genetic correlations among progeny groups for type traits, milk yield, yield persistency, and culling rates.

Associations among six primipara type traits and first and second lactation milk yield, yield persistency, and culling rates were estimated by means of 100 progeny groups with first and 76 with second lactations. Correlations of second lactation culling rate with dairy character and with rear udder were approximately -.4. Persistency, measured in either first or second lactation, was negatively associated with all type traits.

Animals↗