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Results for “Hypothalamic Neoplasms”

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At least 271 records · Page 15Linked to original sources
PubMed1997

Widespread cerebral structural changes in two patients with gelastic seizures and hypothalamic hamartomata.

PURPOSE: We tested the hypothesis that widespread extralesional abnormalities of cerebral structure exist in association with apparently isolated hypothalamic hamartomata, providing a structural basis for the poor response of seizures to removal of the hamartoma or other apparently focal epileptogenic zones present. METHODS: High-resolution magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) brain scans of 2 patients with hypothalamic hamartomata were quantified by determination of regional distribution and symmetry of distribution of cortical gray matter and subcortical matter volumes. The results were compared with normal ranges for the distribution of such tissues in 33 controls. RESULTS: Both patients had abnormalities of distribution of gray and subcortical matter, whereas control subjects did not. These abnormalities were beyond the hamartoma itself, in areas of cerebrum that on visual inspection alone appeared completely normal. CONCLUSIONS: Extralesional abnormalities of cerebral structure are present in the cerebrum of patients with hypothalamic hamartoma, as in most patients with other dysgeneses. These abnormalities may explain the poor outcome of epilepsy surgery in patients with this form of dysgenesis. These preliminary findings require further investigation.

Adult↗
PubMed1999

Ictal bradycardia in a patient with a hypothalamic hamartoma: a stereo-EEG study.

Little is known about bradycardia and cardiac asystole which occur during partial epileptic seizures, especially whether they relate to ictal involvement of well-defined cortical areas. Several reports based on simultaneous electrocardiographic and intracranial depth electroencephalographic monitoring have shown that either the fronto-orbital cortex or the amygdalohippocampal complex could be responsible for such cardiac variations. We performed stereo-EEG recordings in a patient with refractory localization-related epilepsy associated with a hypothalamic hamartoma. We found that other cortical areas, such as the frontocentral region and the temporal neocortex, can contribute to the genesis of ictal bradyarrhythmia. Second, the lesion per se, although located within the hypothalamus, is not involved with this phenomenon.

Adult↗
PubMed1986

Precocious puberty associated with oral-facial-digital syndrome type I.

A girl with the oral-facial-digital syndrome type I (OFD I) developed precocious puberty at early infancy. This is presumed to be due to a hamartoma in the tuber cinereum region. Hypothalamic hamartomas have not been described in OFD I earlier, whereas lingual hamartomas are a common feature in this condition.

Abnormalities, Multiple↗
PubMed1987

Plasma growth hormone (GH) responses to growth hormone releasing factor (hp GRF 1-44) in familial GH deficiency.

In four children with familial GH deficiency peak and integrated GH responses to an acute intravenous bolus of hp GRF 1-44 were lower than in 18 children with non-familial idiopathic GH deficiency and in 5 children with structural hypothalamic abnormalities. It is possible that the familial forms of GH deficiency described may be due to absence or biological inactivity of endogenous GRF or possibly GRF receptor or post receptor abnormalities.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1986

When are we diagnosing growth hormone deficiency?

The height and age at presentation of 458 children beginning treatment with growth hormone between January 1980 and June 1984 were retrospectively analysed. Three hundred and nine children with isolated growth hormone deficiency had a mean (SD) age of 10 (4.1) years on beginning treatment and a mean (SD) height standard deviation score (SDS) of -3.73 (0.93). One hundred and nine patients with hypothalamopituitary tumours began treatment with growth hormone on average 3.3 years after diagnosis of the tumour and at a mean (SD) height SDS of -2.42 (1.49). In both of these categories the height SDS showed a considerable improvement compared with previous reports. Forty two patients with growth hormone deficiency secondary to cranial irradiation started treatment with growth hormone on average 6.1 years after treatment for their tumours and had a height SDS of -2.45 (1.02) compared with that of -2.45 (0.98) seen in nine similar patients from the United Kingdom starting treatment with growth hormone between 1975 and 1978. Although closer surveillance of short children in the community is leading to earlier diagnosis of growth hormone deficiency, this could possibly be diagnosed earlier if routine screening of height was to be carried out at school entry. In addition, patients who have received cranial irradiation should be regularly measured and investigated when their height velocity becomes subnormal.

Adolescent↗
PubMed2001

Management of hyponatraemia in patients with acute cerebral insults.

Hyponatraemia is a common finding in patients with acute cerebral insults. The main differential diagnosis is between syndrome of inappropriate ADH secretion and cerebral salt wasting. Our aim is to review the topic of hyponatraemia in patients with acute cerebral insults and suggest a clinical approach to diagnosis and management.

Acute Disease↗
PubMed1998

An association of hypothalamic hamartoma, central precocious puberty and juvenile granulosa cell tumour in early childhood.

A case of central precocious puberty from infancy due to a hypothalamic hamartoma and associated with an ovarian juvenile granulosa cell tumour is presented. Central precocious puberty was diagnosed by gonadotropin stimulation tests and LHRH agonist therapy was successful. A MR scan, but not a CT scan, demonstrated the hypothalamic hamartoma. The possible influence of early LH stimulation for the development of the granulosa cell tumour is discussed.

Female↗
PubMed1999

Infundibuloneurohypophysitis in children. A report of 2 cases.

Two children with diabetes insipidus secondary to a chronic inflammatory infiltrate of the infundibulum - infundibuloneurohypophysitis - are presented. Features unique to these cases are contrasted with prior case reports. The differential diagnoses of diabetes insipidus and inflammatory pituitary disorders are discussed. Recommendations for diagnosis and treatment are proposed.

Adolescent↗