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Results for “IMPRINTING (PSYCHOLOGY)”

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At least 271 records · Page 15Linked to original sources
PubMed1998

Right hemisphere involvement in imprinting memory revealed by glutamate treatment.

The lateralized use of the forebrain hemispheres during recall of imprinting memory was investigated using unilateral intrahemispheric injections of glutamate. Administration of glutamate to the right hemisphere 1.3, or 6 h after exposure to the imprinting stimulus disrupted recall 8 h after the end of training, whereas the same treatment of the left hemisphere had no effect. Imprinted chicks treated with glutamate injected into the right hemisphere did not approach the imprinting stimulus in preference to an alternative, unfamiliar stimulus during a simultaneous choice test, whereas imprinted chicks treated with glutamate injected into the left hemisphere showed a preference for the imprinting stimulus. Thus, the left and right hemispheres are involved differentially in the recall of imprinting memory. Fear behavior or activity levels were not altered by glutamate treatment of either the right or left hemisphere, indicating that the effects of glutamate were specific to recall of imprinting memory. However, the amnestic effect of treatment of the right hemisphere with glutamate was transient: it was no longer evident by 48 h after the end of training. Also, glutamate had no effect when the chicks were treated 9 h after the end of training. These results suggest that regions in right hemisphere of the chick brain are involved in early (0-8 h after training) recall of imprinting memory.

Animals↗
PubMed2003

Metabolic imprinting of choline by its availability during gestation: implications for memory and attentional processing across the lifespan.

A growing body of research supports the view that choline is an essential nutrient during early development that has long-lasting effects on memory and attentional processes throughout the lifespan. This review describes the known effects of alterations in dietary choline availability both in adulthood and during early development. Although modest effects of choline on cognitive processes have been reported when choline is administered to adult animals, we have found that the perinatal period is a critical time for cholinergic organization of brain function. Choline supplementation during this period increases memory capacity and precision of the young adult and appears to prevent age-related memory and attentional decline. Deprivation of choline during early development leads to compromised cognitive function and increased decline with age. We propose that this organizational effect of choline availability may be due to relatively permanent alterations in the functioning of the cholinergic synapse, which we have called 'metabolic imprinting'.

Aging↗
PubMed2002

Modular organisation and spinal somatosensory imprinting.

The withdrawal reflex system has been extensively used as a model system for studies of pain related mechanisms, sensorimotor integration, learning and memory. For a long time, this system was assumed to be organised as a flexion reflex system. However, recent studies indicate that this system has a modular organisation, each module performing a detailed and functionally adapted sensorimotor transformation related to the withdrawal efficacy of its output muscle(s). Each module appears to be a self-organising circuitry that uses sensory feedback on single muscle contractions to adjust its synaptic organisation during development. These findings and their implications for the understanding of higher motor functions as well as clinical aspects will be discussed.

Animals↗
PubMed1998

Visual imprinting and the neural mechanisms of recognition memory.

To understand the neural bases of memory it is necessary to localize the regions storing information. Part of the hyperstriatum ventrale (IMHV) serves such a function for the learning process of imprinting in domestic chicks. Chicks exposed to an object learn its characteristics, and in doing so, the responsiveness of IMHV neurones to that object is selectively enhanced. Imprinting is associated with both pre- and postsynaptic changes in the region. Postsynaptic changes involve increases in the length of the postsynaptic density on dendritic spines and in the numbers of NMDA receptors; presynaptically, converging evidence points to an early and persistent enhancement of neurotransmitter release. Increases in the amounts of certain neural cell adhesion molecules a day after training might serve to stabilize the synaptic changes associated with a particular memory by strengthening pre- to postsynaptic adhesion, and by more strongly interconnecting the cytoskeletal frameworks of the dendritic spine and the synaptic terminal. Learning-related increases in the number of neurones staining positive for the transcription factor Fos in the IMHV give promise of identifying the neurones engaged in memory functions and of analysing their connections.

Animals↗
PubMed1998

Imprinting, learning and development: from behaviour to brain and back.

Neural and behavioural analyses have shown that the formation of filial preferences in young, precocial birds involves at least two separate processes. One process is an emerging predisposition to approach stimuli with the characteristics of the natural mother. The other (learning) process of filial imprinting results in chicks preferentially-approaching a stimulus to which they have been exposed and involves forming links between the components of the exposed stimulus. The neural substrate for the predisposition is different from that underlying imprinting, and different regions of the chick brain are involved in distinct aspects of learning about imprinting stimuli.

Animals↗